Reference: Wages
American
The law and the gospel both require the full and prompt payment of a just equivalent for all services rendered according to agreement, Le 19:13; Jer 22:13; Jas 5:4. Eternal death is the wages or just recompense of sin; while eternal life is not a recompense earned by obedience, but a sovereign gift of God, Ro 6:22-23.
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'Thou dost not oppress thy neighbour, nor take plunder; the wages of the hireling doth not remain with thee till morning.
Woe to him who is building his house by unrighteousness, And his upper chambers by injustice, On his neighbour he layeth service for nought, And his wage he doth not give to him.
And now, having been freed from the sin, and having become servants to God, ye have your fruit -- to sanctification, and the end life age-during; for the wages of the sin is death, and the gift of God is life age-during in Christ Jesus our Lord.
lo, the reward of the workmen, of those who in-gathered your fields, which hath been fraudulently kept back by you -- doth cry out, and the exclamations of those who did reap into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth have entered;
Easton
Rate of (mention only in Mt 20:2); to be punctually paid (Le 19:13; De 24:14-15); judgements threatened against the withholding of (Jer 22:13; Mal 3:5; comp. Jas 5:4); paid in money (Mt 20:1-14); to Jacob in kind (Ge 29:15,20; 30:28; 31:7-8,41).
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And Laban saith to Jacob, 'Is it because thou art my brother that thou hast served me for nought? declare to me what is thy hire.'
and Jacob serveth for Rachel seven years; and they are in his eyes as some days, because of his loving her.
and your father hath played upon me, and hath changed my hire ten times; and God hath not suffered him to do evil with me. 'If he say thus: The speckled are thy hire, then bare all the flock speckled ones; and if he say thus: The ring-streaked are thy hire, then bare all the flock ring-streaked;
This is to me twenty years in thy house: I have served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy flock; and thou changest my hire ten times;
'Thou dost not oppress thy neighbour, nor take plunder; the wages of the hireling doth not remain with thee till morning.
'Thou dost not oppress a hireling, poor and needy, of thy brethren or of thy sojourner who is in thy land within thy gates; in his day thou dost give his hire, and the sun doth not go in upon it, for he is poor, and unto it he is lifting up his soul, and he doth not cry against thee unto Jehovah, and it hath been in thee -- sin.
Woe to him who is building his house by unrighteousness, And his upper chambers by injustice, On his neighbour he layeth service for nought, And his wage he doth not give to him.
And I have drawn near to you for judgment, And I have been a witness, Making haste against sorcerers, And against adulterers, And against swearers to a falsehood, And against oppressors of the hire of an hireling, Of a widow, and of a fatherless one, And those turning aside a sojourner, And who fear Me not, said Jehovah of Hosts.
'For the reign of the heavens is like to a man, a householder, who went forth with the morning to hire workmen for his vineyard, and having agreed with the workmen for a denary a day, he sent them into his vineyard.
and having agreed with the workmen for a denary a day, he sent them into his vineyard. 'And having gone forth about the third hour, he saw others standing in the market-place idle, read more. and to these he said, Go ye -- also ye -- to the vineyard, and whatever may be righteous I will give you; and they went away. 'Again, having gone forth about the sixth and the ninth hour, he did in like manner. And about the eleventh hour, having gone forth, he found others standing idle, and saith to them, Why here have ye stood all the day idle? they say to him, Because no one did hire us; he saith to them, Go ye -- ye also -- to the vineyard, and whatever may be righteous ye shall receive. And evening having come, the lord of the vineyard saith to his steward, Call the workmen, and pay them the reward, having begun from the last -- unto the first. And they of about the eleventh hour having come, did receive each a denary. 'And the first having come, did suppose that they shall receive more, and they received, they also, each a denary, and having received it, they were murmuring against the householder, saying, that These, the last, wrought one hour, and thou didst make them equal to us, who were bearing the burden of the day -- and the heat. 'And he answering said to one of them, Comrade, I do no unrighteousness to thee; for a denary didst not thou agree with me? take that which is thine, and go; and I will to give to this, the last, also as to thee;
lo, the reward of the workmen, of those who in-gathered your fields, which hath been fraudulently kept back by you -- doth cry out, and the exclamations of those who did reap into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth have entered;
Fausets
Paid by Laban to Jacob in kind (Ge 29:15,20; 30:28; 31:7-8,41; "I served 14 years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy cattle".) The labourer's daily wages (misthos) in Matthew 20 are set at one denarius ("penny") a day, 7 3/4 d. of our money; compare Tob 5:14, "a drachm." The term opsoonia for "wages" (Lu 3:14) and Paul's words, 2Co 11:8 (opsoonion), "charges," 1Co 9:7, imply that provisions were part of a soldier's wages. They should be paid every night (Le 19:13; De 24:14-15; compare Job 24:11; Jas 5:4; Jer 22:13; Mal 3:5); spiritually, Joh 4:36; Ro 6:23.
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And Laban saith to Jacob, 'Is it because thou art my brother that thou hast served me for nought? declare to me what is thy hire.'
and Jacob serveth for Rachel seven years; and they are in his eyes as some days, because of his loving her.
and your father hath played upon me, and hath changed my hire ten times; and God hath not suffered him to do evil with me. 'If he say thus: The speckled are thy hire, then bare all the flock speckled ones; and if he say thus: The ring-streaked are thy hire, then bare all the flock ring-streaked;
This is to me twenty years in thy house: I have served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy flock; and thou changest my hire ten times;
'Thou dost not oppress thy neighbour, nor take plunder; the wages of the hireling doth not remain with thee till morning.
'Thou dost not oppress a hireling, poor and needy, of thy brethren or of thy sojourner who is in thy land within thy gates; in his day thou dost give his hire, and the sun doth not go in upon it, for he is poor, and unto it he is lifting up his soul, and he doth not cry against thee unto Jehovah, and it hath been in thee -- sin.
Between their walls they make oil, Wine-presses they have trodden, and thirst.
Woe to him who is building his house by unrighteousness, And his upper chambers by injustice, On his neighbour he layeth service for nought, And his wage he doth not give to him.
And I have drawn near to you for judgment, And I have been a witness, Making haste against sorcerers, And against adulterers, And against swearers to a falsehood, And against oppressors of the hire of an hireling, Of a widow, and of a fatherless one, And those turning aside a sojourner, And who fear Me not, said Jehovah of Hosts.
And questioning him also were those warring, saying, 'And we, what shall we do?' and he said unto them, 'Do violence to no one, nor accuse falsely, and be content with your wages.'
'And he who is reaping doth receive a reward, and doth gather fruit to life age-during, that both he who is sowing and he who is reaping may rejoice together;
for the wages of the sin is death, and the gift of God is life age-during in Christ Jesus our Lord.
who doth serve as a soldier at his own charges at any time? who doth plant a vineyard, and of its fruit doth not eat? or who doth feed a flock, and of the milk of the flock doth not eat?
other assemblies I did rob, having taken wages, for your ministration;
lo, the reward of the workmen, of those who in-gathered your fields, which hath been fraudulently kept back by you -- doth cry out, and the exclamations of those who did reap into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth have entered;
Hastings
Under the conditions of life in Palestine in OT times, work on the land, at all times the chief occupation, was done for the most part by the peasant and his family, assisted, in the case of the well-to-do, by a few slaves. The 'hired servants' were never numerous, and mainly aliens. We have no information as to the wages of such field-labourers. De 15:18 seems to say that a hireling cost the farmer twice as much as a slave, and since the latter received only his keep and his few clothes, it follows that the former will have earned the equivalent thereof, over and above, in wages. The first definite engagement
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'Thou dost not oppress thy neighbour, nor take plunder; the wages of the hireling doth not remain with thee till morning.
as an hireling, year by year, he is with him, and he doth not rule him with rigour before thine eyes.
'It is not hard in thine eyes, in thy sending him away free from thee; for the double of the hire of an hireling he hath served thee six years, and Jehovah thy God hath blessed thee in all that thou dost.
in his day thou dost give his hire, and the sun doth not go in upon it, for he is poor, and unto it he is lifting up his soul, and he doth not cry against thee unto Jehovah, and it hath been in thee -- sin.
And Micah saith to him, 'Dwell with me, and be to me for a father and for a priest, and I give to thee ten silverlings for the days, and a suit of garments, and thy sustenance;' and the Levite goeth in.
'For the reign of the heavens is like to a man, a householder, who went forth with the morning to hire workmen for his vineyard,
Smith
Wages.
The earliest mention of wages is of a recompense, not in money, but in kind, to Jacob from Laban.
In Egypt money payments by way of wages were in use, but the terms cannot now be ascertained.
The only mention of the rate of wages in Scripture is found in the parable of the householder and the vineyard,
where the laborer's wages was set at one denarius per day, probably 15 to 17 cents, a sum which may be fairly taken as equivalent to the denarius, and to the usual pay of a soldier (ten asses per diem) in the later days of the Roman republic. Tac. Ann. i. 17; Polyb. vi. 39. In earlier times it is probable that the rate was lower; but it is likely that laborers, and also soldiers, were supplied with provisions. The law was very strict in requiring daily payment of wages.
Le 19:13; De 24:14-15
The employer who refused to give his-laborers sufficient victuals is censured
and the iniquity of withholding wages is denounced.
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And Laban saith to Jacob, 'Is it because thou art my brother that thou hast served me for nought? declare to me what is thy hire.'
and Jacob serveth for Rachel seven years; and they are in his eyes as some days, because of his loving her.
and your father hath played upon me, and hath changed my hire ten times; and God hath not suffered him to do evil with me. 'If he say thus: The speckled are thy hire, then bare all the flock speckled ones; and if he say thus: The ring-streaked are thy hire, then bare all the flock ring-streaked;
This is to me twenty years in thy house: I have served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy flock; and thou changest my hire ten times;
and the daughter of Pharaoh saith to her, 'Take this lad away, and suckle him for me, and I -- I give thy hire;' and the woman taketh the lad, and suckleth him.
'Thou dost not oppress thy neighbour, nor take plunder; the wages of the hireling doth not remain with thee till morning.
'Thou dost not oppress a hireling, poor and needy, of thy brethren or of thy sojourner who is in thy land within thy gates; in his day thou dost give his hire, and the sun doth not go in upon it, for he is poor, and unto it he is lifting up his soul, and he doth not cry against thee unto Jehovah, and it hath been in thee -- sin.
Or darkness -- thou dost not see, And abundance of waters doth cover thee.
Woe to him who is building his house by unrighteousness, And his upper chambers by injustice, On his neighbour he layeth service for nought, And his wage he doth not give to him.
And I have drawn near to you for judgment, And I have been a witness, Making haste against sorcerers, And against adulterers, And against swearers to a falsehood, And against oppressors of the hire of an hireling, Of a widow, and of a fatherless one, And those turning aside a sojourner, And who fear Me not, said Jehovah of Hosts.
and having agreed with the workmen for a denary a day, he sent them into his vineyard.
let him know that he who did turn back a sinner from the straying of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall cover a multitude of sins.