Reference: Birthright
American
The privilege of the firstborn son. Among the Hebrews, as indeed among most other nations, the firstborn enjoyed particular privileges; and wherever polygamy was tolerated, it was highly necessary to fix them, De 21:15-17. Besides the father's chief blessing, Ge 27, and various minor advantages, the firstborn son was, first, specially consecrated to the Lord,
Ex 13:11-16; 22:29; and the firstborn son of a priest succeeded his father in the priestly office. Among the sons of Jacob, Reuben the firstborn forfeited the right of the firstborn, Ge 35:22; 49:3-4, and God gave it to Levi, Nu 3:12-13; 8:18. Secondly, the firstborn was entitled to a share of his father's estate twice as large as any of the other brethren received, De 21:17. Thirdly, he succeeded to the official dignities and rights of his father, 2Ch 21:3. In some of these privileges there is an allusion to Him, who is "the firstborn among many brethren," Ro 8:29; Col 1:18; Heb 1:2-6. Universal dominion is his, and an everlasting priesthood.
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And it came to pass while Israel inhabited that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father's concubine; and Israel heard of it. And so the Sons of Israel came to be Twelve.
Reuben, my first-born, thou, My vigour, and the first-fruit of my strength, - Pre-eminence of elevation and pre-eminence of power: Boiling over like water, thou mayest not have pre-eminence, Because thou didst mount the bed of thy father, - Then, wast thou profane - My marriage-bed, he mounted!
And it shall be when Yahweh shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanite, as he sware to thee and to thy fathers, - and shalt give it thee, that thou shalt set apart whatsoever is born first, to Yahweh; and, of all firstlings of beasts which thou shalt have, the males, shall pertain to Yahweh. read more. But every firstling of an ass, shalt thou redeem with a lamb or if thou wilt not redeem it, then thou shalt break its neck, - but every firstborn of men among thy sons, shalt thou redeem. And it shall be when thy son shall ask thee in time to come, saying, What is this? Then shalt thou say unto him: With strength of hand, did Yahweh bring us forth out of Egypt out of the house of slaves. And it came to pass when Pharaoh had shown himself too hardened to let us go, then did Yahweh slay every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of men even unto the firstborn of beasts. For this cause, am, I, sacrificing to Yahweh whatsoever is born first, of the males, and every firstborn of my sons, must I redeem. And it shall be for a sign upon thy hand, and for frontlets between thine eyes, - that, with strength of hand, did Yahweh bring us forth out of Egypt.
Thy fulness and thine outflow, shalt thou not delay, - the firstborn of thy sons, shalt thou give to me.
I, therefore, lo! I have taken the Levites out of the midst of the sons of Israel, instead of every firstborn that a mother beareth, from among the sons of Israel, - so shall the Levites be mine; for, mine, is every firstborn, in the day when I smote every firstborn in the land of Egypt, hallowed unto myself every firstborn in Israel, both of man and of beast, - mine, did they become, and belong unto me, Yahweh.
Therefore have I taken the Levites, - instead of every firstborn among the sons of Israel;
When a man shall have two wives - the one beloved and, the other hated, and they have borne him sons, both she that is beloved, and she that is hated, - and it shall be that the firstborn son belongeth to her that is hated, then shall it be, that in the day when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, he may not treat the son of the beloved, instead of the son of the hated, as the firstborn; read more. but the true firstborn the son of her that is hated, shall he treat as firstborn by giving him double out of all that is found to be his, - for, he, is the beginning of hi strength, his, is the right of the firstborn.
but the true firstborn the son of her that is hated, shall he treat as firstborn by giving him double out of all that is found to be his, - for, he, is the beginning of hi strength, his, is the right of the firstborn.
and their father gave them large presents - of silver and of gold and of precious things, with cities of defence, in Judah, - but, the kingdom, gave he unto Jehoram, for, he, was the firstborn.
For, whom he fore-approved, he also fore-appointed to be conformed unto the image of his Son, that he might be firstborn among many brethren, -
And, he, is the head of the body, the assembly, Who is the beginning, Firstborn from among the dead, in order that, he, might become, in all things, himself, pre-eminent; -
At the end of these days, He hath spoken unto us in his Son, - whom he hath appointed heir of all things, through whom also he hath made the ages; Who, being an eradiated brightness of his glory, and an exact representation of his very being, also bearing up all things by the utterance of his power, purification of sins, having achieved, sat down on the right hand of the majesty in high places: read more. By so much becoming superior to the messengers, by as much as, going beyond them, he hath inherited a more distinguished name. For unto which of the messengers said he at any time - My Son, art, thou, I, this day have begotten thee? and again - I, will become, his father, and, he, shall become my Son? But, whensoever he again introduceth the first-begotten into the habitable earth, he saith - And let all God's messengers worship him!
Easton
(1.) This word denotes the special privileges and advantages belonging to the first-born son among the Jews. He became the priest of the family. Thus Reuben was the first-born of the patriarchs, and so the priesthood of the tribes belonged to him. That honour was, however, transferred by God from Reuben to Levi (Nu 3:12-13; 8:18).
(2.) The first-born son had allotted to him also a double portion of the paternal inheritance (De 21:15-17). Reuben was, because of his undutiful conduct, deprived of his birth-right (Ge 49:4; 1Ch 5:1). Esau transferred his birth-right to Jacob (Ge 25:33).
(3.) The first-born inherited the judicial authority of his father, whatever it might be (2Ch 21:3). By divine appointment, however, David excluded Adonijah in favour of Solomon.
(4.) The Jews attached a sacred importance to the rank of "first-born" and "first-begotten" as applied to the Messiah (Ro 8:29; Col 1:18; Heb 1:4-6). As first-born he has an inheritance superior to his brethren, and is the alone true priest.
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And Jacob said, Come swear to me just now! And he sware to him, - and sold his birthright to Jacob.
Boiling over like water, thou mayest not have pre-eminence, Because thou didst mount the bed of thy father, - Then, wast thou profane - My marriage-bed, he mounted!
I, therefore, lo! I have taken the Levites out of the midst of the sons of Israel, instead of every firstborn that a mother beareth, from among the sons of Israel, - so shall the Levites be mine; for, mine, is every firstborn, in the day when I smote every firstborn in the land of Egypt, hallowed unto myself every firstborn in Israel, both of man and of beast, - mine, did they become, and belong unto me, Yahweh.
Therefore have I taken the Levites, - instead of every firstborn among the sons of Israel;
When a man shall have two wives - the one beloved and, the other hated, and they have borne him sons, both she that is beloved, and she that is hated, - and it shall be that the firstborn son belongeth to her that is hated, then shall it be, that in the day when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, he may not treat the son of the beloved, instead of the son of the hated, as the firstborn; read more. but the true firstborn the son of her that is hated, shall he treat as firstborn by giving him double out of all that is found to be his, - for, he, is the beginning of hi strength, his, is the right of the firstborn.
and their father gave them large presents - of silver and of gold and of precious things, with cities of defence, in Judah, - but, the kingdom, gave he unto Jehoram, for, he, was the firstborn.
For, whom he fore-approved, he also fore-appointed to be conformed unto the image of his Son, that he might be firstborn among many brethren, -
And, he, is the head of the body, the assembly, Who is the beginning, Firstborn from among the dead, in order that, he, might become, in all things, himself, pre-eminent; -
By so much becoming superior to the messengers, by as much as, going beyond them, he hath inherited a more distinguished name. For unto which of the messengers said he at any time - My Son, art, thou, I, this day have begotten thee? and again - I, will become, his father, and, he, shall become my Son? read more. But, whensoever he again introduceth the first-begotten into the habitable earth, he saith - And let all God's messengers worship him!
Fausets
A double portion fell to the firstborn, compare De 21:15-17, whence Joseph's two sons, who received the birthright forfeited by Reuben the firstborn, were counted as heads of the tribes Ephraim and Manasseh (Ge 48:5-6,22; 49:4; 1Ch 5:1). The "princes" of the congregation were so probably by primogeniture (Nu 7:2; 21:18). The rebellion of the Reubenite leaders, Dathan and Abiram, may have arisen through jealousy at the preeminence which others enjoyed above them, Reuben their first father baring had originally the primogeniture; compare Nu 16:1-2, with Nu 26:5-9. Esau transferred his birthright to Jacob for a paltry mess of pottage, profanely setting at nought what was the spiritual privilege connected with it, the being progenitor of the promised Messiah (Ge 25:33; Heb 12:16-17).
It is striking how often God set aside the birthright, in order to show that the objects of His choice are "born not of bloods (Greek natural descents), nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God" (Joh 1:13).Thus Isaac is preferred to Ishmael, Jacob to Esau, Joseph to Reuben, David to his elder brothers. Solomon to Adonijah the elder of the two (1Ki 2:15). Ordinarily the firstborn inherited the throne (2Ch 21:3), typifying Messiah the "first begotten" of the Father, "the Firstborn among many brethren," and Heir of all things (Ro 8:29; Heb 1:6). All the firstborn of Israel were claimed by Jehovah as His, He having saved them when Egypt's firstborn were slain (Ex 22:29). He allowed them to be redeemed, and the tribe of Levi to serve Him in their stead (Nu 3:12-13). The whole nation was God's firstborn among all the peoples (Ex 4:22). The spiritual Israel in a still higher sense is "the church of the first born written in heaven" (enrolled as its citizens in the book of life) (Heb 12:23; Jas 1:18; Re 14:1-4).
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And Jacob said, Come swear to me just now! And he sware to him, - and sold his birthright to Jacob.
And Jacob said, Come swear to me just now! And he sware to him, - and sold his birthright to Jacob.
Now, therefore thy two sons who were born to thee in the land of Egypt, before I came in unto thee in Egypt, are Ephraim and Manasseh, like Reuben and Simeon, shall be mine.
Now, therefore thy two sons who were born to thee in the land of Egypt, before I came in unto thee in Egypt, are Ephraim and Manasseh, like Reuben and Simeon, shall be mine. But thine offspring which thou hast begotten after them, thine own shall they be, - after the name of their brethren, shall they be called in their inheritance.
But thine offspring which thou hast begotten after them, thine own shall they be, - after the name of their brethren, shall they be called in their inheritance.
But, I, have given to thee one mountain-track above thy brethren, - which I took out of the hand of the Amorite, with my sword and with my bow.
But, I, have given to thee one mountain-track above thy brethren, - which I took out of the hand of the Amorite, with my sword and with my bow.
Boiling over like water, thou mayest not have pre-eminence, Because thou didst mount the bed of thy father, - Then, wast thou profane - My marriage-bed, he mounted!
Boiling over like water, thou mayest not have pre-eminence, Because thou didst mount the bed of thy father, - Then, wast thou profane - My marriage-bed, he mounted!
Then shalt thou say unto Pharaoh, Thus, saith Yahweh - My son - my firstborn, is Israel;
Then shalt thou say unto Pharaoh, Thus, saith Yahweh - My son - my firstborn, is Israel;
Thy fulness and thine outflow, shalt thou not delay, - the firstborn of thy sons, shalt thou give to me.
Thy fulness and thine outflow, shalt thou not delay, - the firstborn of thy sons, shalt thou give to me.
I, therefore, lo! I have taken the Levites out of the midst of the sons of Israel, instead of every firstborn that a mother beareth, from among the sons of Israel, - so shall the Levites be mine;
I, therefore, lo! I have taken the Levites out of the midst of the sons of Israel, instead of every firstborn that a mother beareth, from among the sons of Israel, - so shall the Levites be mine; for, mine, is every firstborn, in the day when I smote every firstborn in the land of Egypt, hallowed unto myself every firstborn in Israel, both of man and of beast, - mine, did they become, and belong unto me, Yahweh.
for, mine, is every firstborn, in the day when I smote every firstborn in the land of Egypt, hallowed unto myself every firstborn in Israel, both of man and of beast, - mine, did they become, and belong unto me, Yahweh.
that the princes of Israel, the heads of their ancestral houses, made an offering, - they being princes of the tribes, they being the inert who stood over them who were numbered:
that the princes of Israel, the heads of their ancestral houses, made an offering, - they being princes of the tribes, they being the inert who stood over them who were numbered:
Then took Korah, son of Izhar son of Kohath son of Levi, - and Dathan and Abiram sons of Eliab, and On, son of Peleth sons of Reuben;
Then took Korah, son of Izhar son of Kohath son of Levi, - and Dathan and Abiram sons of Eliab, and On, son of Peleth sons of Reuben; and rose up before Moses, with certain men of the sons of Israel, two hundred and fifty, - princes of assembly, called to the stated meeting, men of renown;
and rose up before Moses, with certain men of the sons of Israel, two hundred and fifty, - princes of assembly, called to the stated meeting, men of renown;
A well! - princes digged it, Nobles of the people, delved it, With a sceptre, With their staves. And, from the desert, to Mattanah;
A well! - princes digged it, Nobles of the people, delved it, With a sceptre, With their staves. And, from the desert, to Mattanah;
Reuben, the firstborn of Israel, - the sons of Reuben, To Hanoch, pertained the family of the Hanochites; To Pallu, the family of the Palluites;
Reuben, the firstborn of Israel, - the sons of Reuben, To Hanoch, pertained the family of the Hanochites; To Pallu, the family of the Palluites; To Hezron, the family of the Hezronites, - To Carrel, the family of the Carmites.
To Hezron, the family of the Hezronites, - To Carrel, the family of the Carmites. These, are the families of the Reubenites, - and they who were numbered of them were found to be - forty-three thousand, and seven hundred, and thirty.
These, are the families of the Reubenites, - and they who were numbered of them were found to be - forty-three thousand, and seven hundred, and thirty. Now, the sons of Pallu, were Eliab;
Now, the sons of Pallu, were Eliab; and the sons of Eliab, Nemuel, and Dathan and Abiram, - The same, Dathan and Abiram, notable men of the assembly, who contended against Moses and against Aaron in the assembly of Korah, when they contended against Yahweh;
and the sons of Eliab, Nemuel, and Dathan and Abiram, - The same, Dathan and Abiram, notable men of the assembly, who contended against Moses and against Aaron in the assembly of Korah, when they contended against Yahweh;
When a man shall have two wives - the one beloved and, the other hated, and they have borne him sons, both she that is beloved, and she that is hated, - and it shall be that the firstborn son belongeth to her that is hated,
When a man shall have two wives - the one beloved and, the other hated, and they have borne him sons, both she that is beloved, and she that is hated, - and it shall be that the firstborn son belongeth to her that is hated, then shall it be, that in the day when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, he may not treat the son of the beloved, instead of the son of the hated, as the firstborn;
then shall it be, that in the day when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, he may not treat the son of the beloved, instead of the son of the hated, as the firstborn; but the true firstborn the son of her that is hated, shall he treat as firstborn by giving him double out of all that is found to be his, - for, he, is the beginning of hi strength, his, is the right of the firstborn.
but the true firstborn the son of her that is hated, shall he treat as firstborn by giving him double out of all that is found to be his, - for, he, is the beginning of hi strength, his, is the right of the firstborn.
And he said - Thou, knowest that, mine, was the kingdom, and, on me, had all Israel set their faces, that I should become king, - howbeit the kingdom, hath turned about, and become my brother's, for, from Yahweh, became it, his.
And he said - Thou, knowest that, mine, was the kingdom, and, on me, had all Israel set their faces, that I should become king, - howbeit the kingdom, hath turned about, and become my brother's, for, from Yahweh, became it, his.
and their father gave them large presents - of silver and of gold and of precious things, with cities of defence, in Judah, - but, the kingdom, gave he unto Jehoram, for, he, was the firstborn.
and their father gave them large presents - of silver and of gold and of precious things, with cities of defence, in Judah, - but, the kingdom, gave he unto Jehoram, for, he, was the firstborn.
Who - not of bloods, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but - of God, were born.
Who - not of bloods, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but - of God, were born.
For, whom he fore-approved, he also fore-appointed to be conformed unto the image of his Son, that he might be firstborn among many brethren, -
For, whom he fore-approved, he also fore-appointed to be conformed unto the image of his Son, that he might be firstborn among many brethren, -
But, whensoever he again introduceth the first-begotten into the habitable earth, he saith - And let all God's messengers worship him!
But, whensoever he again introduceth the first-begotten into the habitable earth, he saith - And let all God's messengers worship him!
Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, like Esau, - who, for the sake of one meal, yielded up his own firstborn rights;
Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, like Esau, - who, for the sake of one meal, yielded up his own firstborn rights; For ye know that, afterwards - when he even wished to inherit the blessing, he was rejected; for, place of repentance, found he none, even though, with tears, he diligently sought it.
For ye know that, afterwards - when he even wished to inherit the blessing, he was rejected; for, place of repentance, found he none, even though, with tears, he diligently sought it.
in high festival, - and unto an assembly of firstborn ones, enrolled in the heavens, - and unto God, judge of all, - and unto the spirits of righteous ones made perfect, -
in high festival, - and unto an assembly of firstborn ones, enrolled in the heavens, - and unto God, judge of all, - and unto the spirits of righteous ones made perfect, -
Because he was so minded, he hath brought us forth with a word of truth, to the end we should be a sort of firstfruit of his creatures
Because he was so minded, he hath brought us forth with a word of truth, to the end we should be a sort of firstfruit of his creatures
And I saw, and lo! the Lamb, standing upon the mount Zion, - and, with him, a hundred and forty-four thousand, having his name and his Father's name written upon their foreheads.
And I saw, and lo! the Lamb, standing upon the mount Zion, - and, with him, a hundred and forty-four thousand, having his name and his Father's name written upon their foreheads. And I heard a sound out of heaven, as the sound of many waters, and as the sound of, loud thunders; and, the sound which I heard, was as of harp-singers harping with their harps,
And I heard a sound out of heaven, as the sound of many waters, and as the sound of, loud thunders; and, the sound which I heard, was as of harp-singers harping with their harps, And they sing as it were a new song before the throne, and before the four living creatures and the elders. And, no one, was able to learn the song, save the hundred and forty-four thousand, who had been redeemed from the earth.
And they sing as it were a new song before the throne, and before the four living creatures and the elders. And, no one, was able to learn the song, save the hundred and forty-four thousand, who had been redeemed from the earth. These, are they, who with women, were not defiled, for they are, virgin. These, are they who follow the Lamb whithersoever he is going. These, were redeemed from mankind, as a firstfruit unto God and the Lamb;
These, are they, who with women, were not defiled, for they are, virgin. These, are they who follow the Lamb whithersoever he is going. These, were redeemed from mankind, as a firstfruit unto God and the Lamb;
Hastings
Smith
the advantages accruing to the eldest son. These were not definitely fixed in patriarchal times. Great respect was paid to him in the household, and, as the family widened into a tribe, this grew into a sustained authority, undefined save by custom, in all matters of common interest. Thus the "princes" of the congregation had probably rights of primogeniture.
(Gradually the rights of the eldest son came to be more definite: (1) The functions of the priesthood in the family with the paternal blessing. (2) A "double portion" of the paternal property was allotted by the Mosaic law.
De 21:16-17
(3) The eldest son succeeded to the official authority of the father. The first-born of the king was his successor by law.
In all these Jesus was the first-born of the father.
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that the princes of Israel, the heads of their ancestral houses, made an offering, - they being princes of the tribes, they being the inert who stood over them who were numbered:
A well! - princes digged it, Nobles of the people, delved it, With a sceptre, With their staves. And, from the desert, to Mattanah;
Now, the name of the man of Israel that was smitten, who was smitten with the Midianitish woman, was Zimri son of Salu, - prince of an ancestral house of the Simeonites;
then shall it be, that in the day when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, he may not treat the son of the beloved, instead of the son of the hated, as the firstborn; but the true firstborn the son of her that is hated, shall he treat as firstborn by giving him double out of all that is found to be his, - for, he, is the beginning of hi strength, his, is the right of the firstborn.
and their father gave them large presents - of silver and of gold and of precious things, with cities of defence, in Judah, - but, the kingdom, gave he unto Jehoram, for, he, was the firstborn.
Watsons
BIRTHRIGHT, or PRIMOGENITURE, the right of the first-born or eldest son. The birthright, or right of primogeniture, had many privileges annexed to it. The first-born was consecrated to the Lord, Ex 22:29; had a double portion of the estate allotted him, De 21:17; had a dignity and authority over his brethren, Ge 49:3; succeeded in the government of the family or kingdom, 2Ch 21:3; and, as some with good reason suppose, in ancient times to the priesthood or chief government in matters, ecclesiastical. Jacob, having bought Esau's birthright, acquired a title to the particular blessing of his dying father; and, accordingly, he had consigned to him the privilege of the covenant which God made with Abraham, that from his loins the Messiah should spring; a prerogative which descended to his posterity. Reuben forfeited the blessings of his birthright, as we see by the express declaration of his father Jacob, in his benediction of his children, Ge 49:1, &c, for the crime of incest with his father's concubine, on account of which his tribe continued all along in obscurity; while the priesthood was conferred on Levi, the government on Judah, and the double portion on Joseph, to descend to their respective tribes. And this preeminence of the first born took place from the beginning, and as much belonged to Cain, before his forfeiture of it, as it did to Reuben before his. See Ge 4:7; 49:3. Thus the patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, offered sacrifices, and were priests as well as kings in their respective families, Ge 12:7-8; 13:18; 17:7; 26:25; 31:54; 35:7. Job, in Arabia, acted in the same capacity, Job 1:5; and it is highly probable that, among the ancient Heathen nations in general, the first-born were entitled not only to the civil authority, but also to the priesthood. This seems to have been the case in Egypt, in the time of Moses: and hence Jehovah's destroying their first- born, as it was the last miracle wrought in that country before the Exodus, so was it the most dreadful, and most effectual in prevailing on Pharaoh and the Egyptians to dismiss the Israelites.
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Shall it not, if thou do right, be lifted up? But if thou do not right, at the entrance a sin-bearer is lying, - Unto thee, moreover, shall be his longing, though, thou, rule over him.
And Yahweh appeared unto Abram, and said: To thy seed, will I give this land, - And he built there an altar, unto Yahweh who appeared unto him. And he moved on from thence towards the hill country, on the east of Bethel and pitched his tent, - with Bethel on the west, and Ai on the east, and bulk there an altar to Yahweh, and called on the name of Yahweh.
So Abram moved his tent and came in and dwelt among the oaks of Mamre, which were in Hebron, - and built there an altar to Yahweh.
And I will confirm my covenant betwixt me and thee and thy seed after thee to their generations for an age-abiding covenant, - to become to thee a God, and to thy seed after thee;
So he builded there all altar and called on the name of Yahweh, and spread out there, his rent, - and the servants of Isaac cut out there a well.
and Jacob offered sacrifice in the mountain, and called on his brethren to eat bread. So they did eat bread, and tarried the night in the mountain.
And he built there an altar, and called the place El-Beth-el, - because, there, God revealed himself unto him, when he fled from the face of his brother,
Then called Jacob unto his sons, - and said - Gather yourselves together, and let me tell you, that which shall befall you in the afterpart of the days.
Reuben, my first-born, thou, My vigour, and the first-fruit of my strength, - Pre-eminence of elevation and pre-eminence of power:
Reuben, my first-born, thou, My vigour, and the first-fruit of my strength, - Pre-eminence of elevation and pre-eminence of power:
Thy fulness and thine outflow, shalt thou not delay, - the firstborn of thy sons, shalt thou give to me.
but the true firstborn the son of her that is hated, shall he treat as firstborn by giving him double out of all that is found to be his, - for, he, is the beginning of hi strength, his, is the right of the firstborn.
and their father gave them large presents - of silver and of gold and of precious things, with cities of defence, in Judah, - but, the kingdom, gave he unto Jehoram, for, he, was the firstborn.
And so it was, when the days of the banquet came round, that Job sent and hallowed them, and rising early in the morning offered ascending-sacrifices according to the number of them all; for Job said, Peradventure my sons have sinned, and have cursed God in their hearts. Thus and thus, was Job wont to do all the days.