Reference: Eating
American
The Jews would have considered themselves polluted by eating with people of another religion, or with any who were ceremonially unclean or disreputable-as with Samaritans, Joh 4:9, publicans, Mt 9:11, or Gentiles, Ac 10:28; Ga 2:12. Eating together was an established token of mutual confidence and friendship, a pledge of friendly relations between families, which their children were expected to perpetuate. The rites of hospitality were held sacred; and to this day, among the Arabs, a fugitive is safe for the time, if he gains the shelter of even an enemy's tent. The abuse of hospitality was a great crime, Ps 41:9.
To "eat" a book, is to make its precepts, promises, and spirit one's own, Jer 15:16; Eze 3:1; Joh 4:14; Re 10:9. So to eat Christ's flesh and drink his blood, is to receive him as a Savior, and by a living faith to be imbued with his truth, his Spirit, and his heavenly life, Joh 6:32-58.
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Even the man whom I used to salute, in whom I put confidence, who used to eat my bread, - hath magnified his heel against me!
Thy words, were found, and I did eat them, Then became thy words unto me the joy and gladness of my heart, - For thy Name hath been called upon me, O Yahweh God of hosts!
Then said he unto me, Son of man What thou findest, eat, - -eat this roll, and go speak unto the house of Israel.
And, the Pharisees, observing it, began to say unto his disciples, - Wherefore, with tax-collectors and sinners, doth your Teacher eat?
The Samaritan woman, therefore, saith unto him - How dost, thou, being, a Jew, ask to drink, of me, who am, a Samaritan woman? for, Jews, have no dealings with Samaritans.
But, whosoever shall drink of the water which, I, will give him, in nowise shall thirst, unto times age-abiding, - but, the water which I will give him, shall become, within him, a fountain of water, springing up unto life age-abiding.
Jesus said unto them - Verily, verily, I say unto you: Not Moses, gave you the bread out of heaven; but, my Father, giveth you the real bread out of heaven. For, the bread of God, is that which is coming down out of heaven, and giving, life, unto the world. read more. They said, therefore, unto him - Sir! Evermore, give us this bread. Jesus said unto them - I, am the bread of life: he that cometh unto me, in nowise shall hunger, and, he that believeth on me, in nowise shall thirst, any more. But I told you - Ye have even seen me, and yet do not believe. All that which the Father is giving me, unto me, will have come, and, him that cometh unto me, in nowise will I cast out, - Because I have come down from heaven, - Not that I should be doing my own will, but the will of him that sent me. And, this, is the will of him that sent me, That, of all that which he hath given me, I should lose nothing, but should raise it up at the last day. For, this, is the will of my Father, That, every one that vieweth the Son, and believeth on him, should have life age-abiding, and, I, should raise him up, at the last day. The Jews, therefore, began to murmur concerning him, because he said - I, am the bread that came down out of heaven; and were saying - Is not, this, Jesus, the son of Joseph, - of whom, we, know the father and the mother! How is it then, that he, now, saith: Out of heaven, have I come down? Jesus answered, and said unto them - Be not murmuring, one with another: No one, can come unto me, except, the Father who sent me, draw him, - and, I, will raise him up, in the last day. It is written in the prophets, - And they shall be, all, the instructed of God: Every one who hath heard of the Father, and learned, cometh unto me. Not that any one hath seen, the Father, save he who is from God, - this one, hath seen the Father. Verily, verily, I say unto you: He that believeth, hath life age-abiding. I am the bread of life: - Your fathers, did eat, in the desert, the manna, - and died: This, is the bread which, out of heaven, cometh down, that one, thereof, may eat, - and not die. I, am the living bread, which, out of heaven, came down: If one eat of this bread, he shall live unto times age-abiding; and, the bread, moreover, which, I, will give, is, my flesh - for the world's life. The Jews, therefore, began to strive one with another, saying - How can this one, unto us, give his flesh to eat? Jesus, therefore, said unto them - Verily, verily, I say unto you - Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of Man, and drink his blood, ye have not life within yourselves. He that feedeth upon my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath life age-abiding, and, I, will raise him up at the last day; For, my flesh, is, true, food, and, my blood, is, true, drink: He that feedeth upon my flesh, and drinketh my blood, in me, abideth, and, I, in him. Just as the living Father sent me, - and I live by reason of the Father, he also that feedeth upon me, even he, shall live by reason of me. This, is the bread, which, out of heaven, came down: - Not just as your fathers did eat - and died! He that feedeth upon this bread, shall live unto times age-abiding.
And said unto the - Ye, well know, how unlawful it is, for, a Jew, to be joining himself or coming in unto one of another race. And yet, unto me, hath God pointed out that I should be calling no man, common or unclean.
For, before that certain came from James, with them of the nations, used he to eat; whereas, when they came, he used to withdraw, and keep himself separate, fearing them of the circumcision;
And I went away unto the messenger, asking him to give me the little scroll; and he saith unto me - Take it, and eat it up; and it shall embitter thy belly, but, in thy mouth, shall be sweet as honey.
Easton
The ancient Hebrews would not eat with the Egyptians (Ge 43:32). In the time of our Lord they would not eat with Samaritans (John 4:9), and were astonished that he ate with publicans and sinners (Mt 9:11). The Hebrews originally sat at table, but afterwards adopted the Persian and Chaldean practice of reclining (Lu 7:36-50). Their principal meal was at noon (Ge 43:16; 1Ki 20:16; Ru 2:14; Lu 14:12). The word "eat" is used metaphorically in Jer 15:16; Eze 3:1; Re 10:9. In Joh 6:53-58, "eating and drinking" means believing in Christ. Women were never present as guests at meals (q.v.).
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And Joseph saw - with them - Benjamin, so he said to him that was over his house Bring the men into the house, - and slay meat and make ready, for with me, shall the men eat at noon.
So they set on for him - by himself, and for them - by themselves, - and for the Egyptians that were eating with him - by themselves, for the Egyptians might not eat, bread, with the Hebrews for an abomination, had that been to Egyptians.
And Boaz said to her at mealtime - Draw nigh hither, and eat of the bread, and dip thy morsel in the vinegar. So she sat beside the reapers, and there was reached to her parched corn, and she did eat and was satisfied, and left thereof remaining.
Thy words, were found, and I did eat them, Then became thy words unto me the joy and gladness of my heart, - For thy Name hath been called upon me, O Yahweh God of hosts!
Then said he unto me, Son of man What thou findest, eat, - -eat this roll, and go speak unto the house of Israel.
And, the Pharisees, observing it, began to say unto his disciples, - Wherefore, with tax-collectors and sinners, doth your Teacher eat?
And a certain one of the Pharisees was requesting him, that he would eat with him; and, entering into the house of the Pharisee, he reclined. And, 1o! a woman, who indeed was in the city a sinner; and, when she found out that he was reclining in the house of the Pharisee, providing an alabaster-jar of perfume, read more. and standing behind, near his feet, weeping, with the tears, began she to be wetting his feet, and, with the hair of her head, was wiping off the tears , and was tenderly kissing his feet, and anointing them with the perfume. But the Pharisee who had invited him, seeing it, spake within himself, saying, This one, if he were the prophet, would have been taking note, who and of what sort, is the woman, who is even touching him, that she is, a sinner. And, making answer, Jesus said unto him - Simon! I have, unto thee, something to say. He, then - Teacher, speak! - saith he. Two debtors, there were, to a certain creditor, - the one, owed five hundred denaries, and, the other, fifty. they not having wherewith to pay, he forgave, both. Which of them, therefore, will love him, more? Making answer, Simon said - I suppose, that he to whom, the more, he forgave. And, he, said unto him - Rightly, hast thou judged. And, turning towards the woman, unto Simon, he said - Seest thou this woman? I entered into thy house: water to me, on my feet, thou didst not give, - but, she, with her tears, hath wetted my feet, and, with her hair, wiped off the tears . A kiss, to me, thou didst not give, - but, she, from the time I came in, hath not ceased tenderly kissing my feet. With oil, my head, thou didst not anoint, - but, she, with perfume, hath anointed, my feet. For which cause, I say unto thee - Her many sins, have been forgiven, because she hath loved, much: but, he to whom little is forgiven, little, loveth. And he said unto her - Thy sins have been forgiven. And they who were reclining together, began to be saying within themselves - Who is, this, that, even forgiveth sins? But he said unto the woman - Thy faith, hath saved thee, - Go thy way into peace.
Moreover he went on to say, unto him also who had invited him, - Whensoever thou mayest be making a dinner or a supper, do not call thy friends, or thy brothers, or thy kinsfolk, or rich neighbours, - lest once, they also, invite thee in return, and it become a recompense unto thee.
Jesus, therefore, said unto them - Verily, verily, I say unto you - Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of Man, and drink his blood, ye have not life within yourselves. He that feedeth upon my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath life age-abiding, and, I, will raise him up at the last day; read more. For, my flesh, is, true, food, and, my blood, is, true, drink: He that feedeth upon my flesh, and drinketh my blood, in me, abideth, and, I, in him. Just as the living Father sent me, - and I live by reason of the Father, he also that feedeth upon me, even he, shall live by reason of me. This, is the bread, which, out of heaven, came down: - Not just as your fathers did eat - and died! He that feedeth upon this bread, shall live unto times age-abiding.
And I went away unto the messenger, asking him to give me the little scroll; and he saith unto me - Take it, and eat it up; and it shall embitter thy belly, but, in thy mouth, shall be sweet as honey.
Morish
Besides the common use of this word, it is employed symbolically for to 'consume, destroy:' they "eat up my people as they eat bread." Ps 14:4; cf. Pr 30:14; Hab 3:14; 2Ti 2:17. Also for receiving, digesting, and delighting in God's words: "Thy words were found, and I did eat them; and thy word was unto me the joy and rejoicing of mine heart: for I am called by thy name, O Lord God of hosts." Jer 15:16. To eat together of the same bread or food is a token of friendship. Jos 9:14; Ps 41:9; Cant. 5:1; Joh 13:18; and such an expression of intimacy is forbidden towards those walking disorderly. 1Co 5:11. It is used to express the satisfaction of doing the work that is before the soul: the Lord said, "I have meat to eat that ye know not of." Joh 4:32. Also to express appropriation to the eater of the death of Christ: "except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you." Joh 6:53. (In Joh 6:51,53 there is eating for reception, ????; and in Joh 6:54,56-57, eating as a present thing for the maintenance of life, ?????.) In the Lord's Supper the Christian eats that which is a symbol of the body of Christ, Mt 26:26, and in eating he has communion with Christ's death. 1Co 10:16.
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So the men took of their provision, - but, the bidding of Yahweh, had they not asked.
Are all the workers of iniquity, without knowledge? devouring my people as they devour food! Upon Yahweh, have they not called.
Even the man whom I used to salute, in whom I put confidence, who used to eat my bread, - hath magnified his heel against me!
A generation! Swords, are its teeth, and, knives, its incisors, - to devour the humbled out of the earth, and the needy, from among men.
Thy words, were found, and I did eat them, Then became thy words unto me the joy and gladness of my heart, - For thy Name hath been called upon me, O Yahweh God of hosts!
Thou hast pierced, with his own staves, the head of his chiefs, they storm along, to scatter me, - their exultant thought, is, in very deed, to devour the oppressed one, in a secret place!
And, as they were eating, Jesus, taking a loaf and blessing, brake, - and, giving to his disciples, said - Take, eat! This, is, my body.
But, he, said unto them - I, have, food, to eat, of which, ye, know not.
I, am the living bread, which, out of heaven, came down: If one eat of this bread, he shall live unto times age-abiding; and, the bread, moreover, which, I, will give, is, my flesh - for the world's life.
Jesus, therefore, said unto them - Verily, verily, I say unto you - Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of Man, and drink his blood, ye have not life within yourselves.
Jesus, therefore, said unto them - Verily, verily, I say unto you - Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of Man, and drink his blood, ye have not life within yourselves. He that feedeth upon my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath life age-abiding, and, I, will raise him up at the last day;
He that feedeth upon my flesh, and drinketh my blood, in me, abideth, and, I, in him. Just as the living Father sent me, - and I live by reason of the Father, he also that feedeth upon me, even he, shall live by reason of me.
Not, concerning you all, am I speaking, - for, I, know of whom I made choice; but -- that, the Scripture, might be fulfilled: He that feedeth on my bread, hath lifted up against me, his heel.
But, now, I have written unto you not to be mixing yourselves up, - if anyone named a brother, be a fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or an extortioner, with such a one as this, not so much, as to be eating together,
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not, a sharing together of the blood of the Christ? The loaf which we break, is it not, a sharing together of the body of the Christ?
Watsons
EATING. The ancient Hebrews did not eat indifferently with all persons: they would have esteemed themselves polluted and dishonoured by eating with people of another religion, or of an odious profession. In Joseph's day they neither ate with the Egyptians, nor the Egyptians with them, Ge 43:32; nor, in our Saviour's time, with the Samaritans, Joh 4:9. The Jews were scandalized at Christ's eating with publicans and sinners, Mt 9:11. As there were several sorts of meats, the use of which was prohibited, they could not conveniently eat with those who partook of them, fearing to receive pollution by touching such food, or if by accident any particles of it should fall on them. The ancient Hebrews, at their meals, had each his separate table. Joseph, entertaining his brethren in Egypt, seated them separately, each at his particular table; and he himself sat down separately from the Egyptians, who ate with him; but he sent to his brethren portions out of the provisions which were before him, Ge 43:31, &c. Elkanah, Samuel's father, who had two wives, distributed their portions to them separately, 1Sa 1:4-5. In Homer, each guest has his little table apart; and the master of the feast distributes meat to each. We are assured that this is still practised in China; and that many in India never eat out of the same dish, nor on the same table, with another person, believing that they cannot do so without sin; and this, not only in their own country, but when travelling, and in foreign lands.
The ancient manners which we see in Homer we see likewise in Scripture, with regard to eating, drinking, and entertainments: we find great plenty, but little delicacy; and great respect and honour paid to the guests by serving them plentifully. Joseph sent his brother Benjamin a portion five times larger than those of his other brethren. Samuel set a whole quarter of a calf before Saul. The women did not appear at table in entertainments with the men: this would have been an indecency; as it is at this day throughout the east. The present Jews, before they sit down to table, carefully wash their hands: they speak of this ceremony as essential and obligatory. After meals they wash them again. When they sit down to table, the master of the house, or the chief person in the company, taking bread, breaks it, but does not wholly separate it; then, putting his hand on it, he recites this blessing: "Blessed be thou, O Lord our God, the King of the world, who producest the bread of the earth." Those present answer, "Amen." Having distributed the bread among the guests, he takes the vessel of wine in his right hand, saying, "Blessed art thou, O Lord our God, King of the world, who hast produced the fruit of the vine." They then repeat the twenty-third Psalm. Buxtorf, and Leo of Modena, who have given particular accounts of the Jewish ceremonies, differ in some circumstances: the reason is, Buxtorf wrote principally the ceremonies of the German Jews, and Leo, those of the Italian Jews. They take care that, after meals, there shall be a piece of bread remaining on the table; the master of the house orders a glass to be washed, fills it with wine, and, elevating it, says," Let us bless Him of whose benefits we have been partaking:" the rest answer, "Blessed be He who has heaped his favours on us, and by his goodness has now fed us." Then he recites a pretty long prayer, wherein he thanks God for his many benefits vouchsafed to Israel; beseeches him to pity Jerusalem and his temple, to restore the throne of David, to send Elias and the Messiah, to deliver them out of their long captivity, &c. All present answer, "Amen;" and then recite Ps 34:9-10. Then, giving the glass with the little wine in it to be drunk round, he drinks what is left, and the table is cleared. See BANQUETS.
Partaking of the benefits of Christ's passion by faith is also called eating, because this is the support of our spiritual life, Joh 6:53,56. Hosea reproaches the priests of his time with eating the sins of the people, Ho 4:8; that is, feasting on their sin offerings, rather than reforming their manners. John the Baptist is said to have come "neither eating nor drinking," Mt 11:18; that is, as other men did; for he lived in the wilderness, on locusts, wild honey, and water, Mt 3:4; Lu 1:15. This is expressed: in Lu 7:33, by his neither eating "bread," nor drinking "wine." On the other hand, the Son of Man is said, in Mt 11:19, to have come "eating and drinking;" that is, as others did; and that too with all sorts of persons, Pharisees, publicans, and sinners.
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Then bathed he his face and came forth, - and restrained himself, and said Set on bread! So they set on for him - by himself, and for them - by themselves, - and for the Egyptians that were eating with him - by themselves, for the Egyptians might not eat, bread, with the Hebrews for an abomination, had that been to Egyptians.
And, when the day came for Elkanah to sacrifice, he used to give, to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions; and, unto Hannah, used he to give one portion, - howbeit, Hannah, he loved, although, Yahweh, had restrained her from having children.
Revere Yahweh, ye his holy ones, For there is no want to them who revere him. Young lions, have come short, and suffered hunger, but, they who seek Yahweh, shall not lack any good thing.
The sin of my people, they do eat, - and. unto their iniquity, lift they up every man his desire.
But John, himself, had his raiment of camel's hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins, - while, his food, was locusts and wild honey.
And, the Pharisees, observing it, began to say unto his disciples, - Wherefore, with tax-collectors and sinners, doth your Teacher eat?
For, John, came, neither eating nor drinking, and they say - A demon, he hath! The Son of Man, came, eating and drinking, and they say, Lo! a gluttonous man and a wine-drinker! a friend of, tax-collectors, and sinners! And yet wisdom hath been justified by her works.
For he shall be great before the Lord, and, wine and strong drink, in nowise may he drink, and, with Holy Spirit, shall he be filled, already, from his mother's womb;
For John the Immerser hath come, neither eating bread nor drinking wine, and ye say - A demon, he hath:
The Samaritan woman, therefore, saith unto him - How dost, thou, being, a Jew, ask to drink, of me, who am, a Samaritan woman? for, Jews, have no dealings with Samaritans.
Jesus, therefore, said unto them - Verily, verily, I say unto you - Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of Man, and drink his blood, ye have not life within yourselves.
He that feedeth upon my flesh, and drinketh my blood, in me, abideth, and, I, in him.