Reference: Power of the Keys
Hastings
In ecclesiastical history the phrase is associated primarily with the so-called 'Privilege of Peter,' upon which the dogma of papal supremacy has been built, but also with the delegated authority of an official priesthood to pronounce sentence of the absolution or the retention of sins.
1. The fundamental passage is Mt 16:18. When St. Peter at C
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He said to them: Therefore, every scribe that is trained for the kingdom of heaven, is like the master of a house, who brings out of his treasury things new and old.
And Jesus answered and said to him: Blessed are you, Simon, son of Jonah; for flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father who is in heaven. And I say to you, That you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church: and the gates of hades shall not prevail against it.
And I say to you, That you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church: and the gates of hades shall not prevail against it.
Verily, I say to you, my disciples, Whatever you bind on earth, shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth, shall be loosed in heaven.
Alas for you, lawyers! for you have taken away the key of knowledge; you did not go in yourselves, and those who were entering in, you prevented.
And the Lord said: "Who, then, is that faithful and wise steward, whom his lord shall make ruler over his servants, to give them their portion of food at the proper time?
And further, certain women of our company, who were early at the sepulcher, astonished us:
And they told what had taken place on the way, and how he was made known to them in the breaking of bread.
Whosever sins you forgive, they are forgiven them: whosever sins you retain, they are retained.
This Jesus has God raised up, of which we all are witnesses. Therefore, having been exalted to the right hand of God, and having received from his Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this, which you now see and hear. read more. For David has not ascended into the heavens; but he himself says, The Lord said to my Lord, Sit at my right hand, till I make thy enemies thy footstool. Therefore, let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God has made this same Jesus whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ.
Then they that gladly received his word were immersed, and on that day there were added to them about three thou sand souls.
Then they that were dispersed went everywhere preaching the word.
And Peter opened his mouth, and said: In truth, I perceive that God is no respecter of persons; but, in every nation, he that fears him and works righteousness is accepted by him. read more. The word which he sent to the sons of Israel, preaching peace by Jesus Christ, (he is Lord of all,)
The word which he sent to the sons of Israel, preaching peace by Jesus Christ, (he is Lord of all,) that word, you know, which was published through the whole of Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the immersion that John preached;
that word, you know, which was published through the whole of Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the immersion that John preached; how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit, and with power; who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed by the devil; for God was with him.
how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit, and with power; who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed by the devil; for God was with him. And we are witnesses of all that he did, both in the country of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they slew by hanging him on a tree. read more. Him God raised up the third day, and caused him to appear, not to all the people, but to witnesses who were be fore appointed by God, even to us, who did eat and drink with him, after he rose from the dead. And he commanded us to preach to the people, and to testify that this is he who has been appointed by God as the judge of the living and the dead. To him all the prophets bear testimony, that whoever believes on him shall receive remission of sins through his name. While Peter was speaking these things, the Holy Spirit fell on all that heard the word. And the believers that were of the circumcision, as many as had come with Peter, were astonished, because on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Spirit: for they heard them speaking with tongues, and magnifying God. Then Peter answered: Can any one for bid the water, that these should not be immersed, who have received the Holy Spirit as well as we? And he commanded them to be immersed in the name of the Lord. Then they besought him to remain some days.
Now those who had been dispersed by the persecution that arose after the death of Stephen, traveled as far as Phenicia and Cyprus and Antioch, speaking the word to none but Jews.
And while they were ministering to the Lord, and fasting, the Holy Spirit said: Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul, to the work to which I have called them.
And having come and called together the church, they reported all that God had done with them, and that he had opened the door of faith to the Gentiles.
And the apostles and elders came together to deliberate about this matter. And after there had been much disputing, Peter arose, and said to them: Brethren, you know that, at the beginning, God made choice among us, that, by my mouth, the Gentiles should hear the word of the Gospel, and believe.
And after there had been much disputing, Peter arose, and said to them: Brethren, you know that, at the beginning, God made choice among us, that, by my mouth, the Gentiles should hear the word of the Gospel, and believe. And God, who knows the heart, became a witness for them, by giving them the Holy Spirit, as he gave it also to us; read more. and he made no distinction between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. Now, therefore, why do you put God to the proof, by placing a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers, nor we ourselves, were able to bear? But we believe that we shall be saved, even as they, through the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ.
And after they were silent, James answered and said: Brethren, hear me;
For these reasons, my judgment is, that we give no trouble to those who, from among the Gentiles, have turned to God;
Then it pleased the apostles and the elders, with the whole church, to send to Antioch, with Paul and Barnabas, chosen men from among themselves; Judas, who was surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren; and they wrote by their hands as follows: The apostles, and the elders, and the brethren, to the brethren of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, greeting: read more. Inasmuch as we have heard that certain persons went out from us and troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, That you must be circumcised, and keep the law, to whom we gave no commandment, it has seemed good to us, having come together with one mind, to send chosen men to you, with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have en dangered their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have sent, therefore, Judas and Silas, who will tell you the same things in word. For it has seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things:
After these things, Paul departed from Athens, and came to Corinth;
And Paul, having remained many days longer, took leave of the brethren, and sailed to Syria, and with him Priscilla and Aquila, having shorn his head in Cenchrea; for he had a vow. And he came to Ephesus, and left them there; but he him self went into the synagogue, and reasoned with the Jews. read more. And though they besought him to remain with them a longer time, he did not consent,
But when Peter came to Antioch, I openly opposed him, because he had incurred blame.
Brethren, if a man be overtaken in any fault, do you, who are spiritual, restore such a one in the spirit of meekness, considering yourself, lest you also be tempted.
And you have an anointing from the Holy One, and know all things.
And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia, write: These things says he that is holy, he that is true, he that has the key of David, he that opens and no man shuts, and shuts and no man opens;