Reference: Testament
American
In Scripture, usually signifies covenant, and not a man's last will, Mt 26:28. Both meanings are blended, however, in Heb 9:16-17. Paul speaks of the New Testament, or covenant, in the blood of the Redeemer; and calls the law the old covenant, and the gospel the new covenant, 1Co 1-16; 11:25; 2Co 3:6,14; Heb 7:22; 10; 12:24. See BIBLE, and COVENANT.
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For this is my blood, that of the new covenant, having been poured out for many, for the remission of sins.
Who rendered as fitting servants of the new covenant; not of the letter, but of the Spirit: for the letter kills, and the Spirit makes alive.
But their minds were hardened: for until this day the same veil upon the reading of the old covenant. remains not uncovered;for in Christ it is left unemployed.
For where a will, the necessity for the death of him having willed to be brought forward. For a will is firm by the dead: since it has no power when he having willed lives.
Easton
occurs twelve times in the New Testament (Heb 9:15, etc.) as the rendering of the Gr. diatheke, which is twenty times rendered "covenant" in the Authorized Version, and always so in the Revised Version. The Vulgate translates incorrectly by testamentum, whence the names "Old" and "New Testament," by which we now designate the two sections into which the Bible is divided. (See Bible.)
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And for this he is mediator of a new covenant, that death having been, for redemption of the transgressions for the first covenant, the called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance.
Fausets
(See COVENANT; HEIR; WILLS.)
Hastings
The word is not found in the OT. In the text of the RV of the NT it occurs only twice (Heb 9:16 f.) and is used to translate the Gr. word diath
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To do mercy with our fathers, and to remember his holy covenant:
And he said to him, Come out of thy land, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall show thee.
Brethren, I speak according to man; Although a man's covenant, having been confirmed, none annuls, or orders an addition.
And for this he is mediator of a new covenant, that death having been, for redemption of the transgressions for the first covenant, the called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance.
And for this he is mediator of a new covenant, that death having been, for redemption of the transgressions for the first covenant, the called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance. For where a will, the necessity for the death of him having willed to be brought forward.
For where a will, the necessity for the death of him having willed to be brought forward.
For where a will, the necessity for the death of him having willed to be brought forward. For a will is firm by the dead: since it has no power when he having willed lives. read more. Wherefore neither was the first consecrated without blood. For every command spoken according to law by Moses, to all the people, having taken the blood of calves and he-goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and also the book, and he sprinkled all the people, Saying, This the blood of the covenant which God enjoined to you.
Morish
See COVENANT, THE NEW.
Watsons
TESTAMENT. The property or estate of the father fell, after his decease, into the possession of his sons, who divided it among themselves equally, with this exception, that the eldest son had two portions. The father expressed his last wishes or will in the presence of witnesses, and probably in the presence of the heirs, 2Ki 20:1. At a more recent period the will was made out in writing. The portion that was given to the sons of concubines depended altogether upon the feelings of the father. Abraham gave presents, to what amount is not known, both to Ishmael and to the sons whom he had by Keturah, and sent them away before his death. It does not appear that they had any other portion in the estate. But Jacob made the sons whom he had by his concubines heirs as well as the others, Ge 21:8-21; 25:1-6; 49:1-27. Moses laid no restrictions upon the choice of fathers in this respect; and we should infer that the sons of concubines, for the most part, received an equal share with the other sons, from the fact, that Jephtha, the son of a concubine, complained that he was excluded without any portion from his father's house, Jg 11:1-7. The daughters not only had no portion in the estate, but, if they were unmarried, were considered as making a part of it, and were sold by their brothers into matrimony. If they had no brothers, or if they had died, the daughters then took the estate, Nu 27:1-8. If any one died intestate, and without offspring, the property was disposed of according to Nu 27:8-11. The servants or the slaves in a family could not claim any share in the estate as a right; but the person who made a will, might, if he chose, make them his heirs, Ge 15:3. Indeed, in some instances, those who had heirs, recognized as such by law, did not deem it unbecoming to bestow the whole or a portion of their estates on faithful and deserving servants, Pr 17:2. The widow of the deceased, like his daughters, had no legal right to a share in the estate. The sons, however, or other relations, were bound to afford her an adequate maintenance, unless it had been otherwise arranged in the will. She sometimes returned back again to her father's house, particularly if the support which the heirs gave her was not such as had been promised, or was not sufficient, Ge 38:11. See also the story of Ruth. The prophets very frequently, and undoubtedly not without cause, exclaim against the neglect and injustice shown to widows, Isa 1:17; 10:2; Jer 7:6; 22:3; Eze 22:7; Ex 22:22-24; De 10:18; 24:17.
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And Abram will say, Behold, to me thou gavest no seed, and behold the son of my house shall inherit me.
And the child will become great, and shall be weaned; and Abraham will make a great drinking in the day of weaning Isaak. And Sarah will see the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she brought forth to Abraham, laughing. read more. And she will say to Abraham, Cast out this maid-servant and her son; for the son of this maid-servant shall not inherit with my son, with Isaak. And the word was greatly evil in the eyes of Abraham, on account of his son. And God will say to Abraham, It shall not be evil in thine eyes concerning the boy, and concerning thy maidservant; all which Sarah shall say to thee, hear to her voice; for in Isaak the seed shall be called to thee. And also the son of this maid-servant, I will make him into a nation, for he is thy seed. And Abraham will rise early in the morning, and take food, and a leathern bottle of water, and give to Hagar (putting upon her shoulder), and the child, and will send her away: and she will go forth and wander in the desert to the well of the oath. And the waters shall be spent in the water skin, and she will cast the child under one of the shrubs. And she will go and seat herself from over against., being far off as the bending of a bow: for she said, I will not see the death of the child. And she will seat herself from over against, and she will lift up her voice and weep. And God will hear the voice of the child: and the messenger of God will call to Hagar from the heavens, and will say to her, What to thee Hagar? thou. shalt not fear, for God heard the voice of the child, from where he is. Arise, lift up the child, and fasten thy hand upon him; for I will make him into a great nation. And God will open her eyes, and she will see a well of waters, and will go and fill the water skin with water, and will give the child to drink. And God will be with the child; and he will be great, and dwell in the desert, and will be to increase the bow. And he will dwell in the desert Paran: and his mother will take to him a wife from the land of Egypt
And Abraham will add and take a wife; and her name Keturah. And she will bring forth to him, Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. read more. And Jokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and Letushim and Leummim. And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abidah, and Eldaah. All these the sons of Keturah. And Abraham will give all which is to him to Isaak. And to the sons of the concubines which were to Abraham, Abraham gave gifts, and he will send them away from Isaak his son (in his yet living) from the east to the east land.
And Judah will say to Tamar his daughter-in-law, Sit a widow in thy father's house, till Shelah my son shall be great; (for he said, Lest this also shall die as his brethren.) And Tamar will go and will sit in her father's house.
And Jacob will call to his sons, and will say, Be ye gathered together, and I will announce to you what shall happen to you in the last part of the days. Be gathered together, and hear ye sons of Jacob, and hear to Israel your father. read more. Reuben, my first-born, thou my strength, and the beginning of my strength, the abundance of elevation, and the abundance of might Vain glorious as water, thou shalt not be preeminent; for thou didst go up out of thy father's. bed; then didst thou defile, going up to my couch. Simon and Levi brethren; their swords instruments of violence. My soul shall not come into their consultation; in their assembly, my honor shall not be united, for in their anger they killed a man and in their will, houghed a bullock. Cursed their anger, for it was hard; and their wrath, for it was hardened: I will divide them in Jacob, and I will disperse them in Israel Judah, thee, thee shall thy brethren praise; thy hand upon the back of thine enemies; thy father's sons shall worship before thee. Judah, a lion's whelp; from the green leaf, my son, thou didst go up: bending, lying down, as a lion, and as a lioness: who shall raise him up? The rod shall not depart from Judah, and a leader from between his feet, till that Shiloh shall come: and to him the obedience of the nations. Binding his colt to the vine, and to the purple vine the son of the she-ass; he washed in wine his garment, and his clothing in the blood of grapes. The eyes flashing from wine, the teeth white from milk. Zebulon shall dwell by the coast of the sea; and he by a coast of ships, and the extremities, even to Zidon. Issachar, an ass; a heap of bone lying down in the midst of the tribes. And he will see the rest that it was good, and the land that it was pleasant; and he extended his shoulder to bear, and he will be a servant to tribute. Dan shall judge his people as one of the tribes of Israel. Dan shall be a serpent upon. the way, creeping upon the path, biting the heels of the horse and his beast for riding shall fall behind. I waited for thy deliverance, Jehovah. Gad, a troop, shall press upon him; and this shall press upon the heel. From Asher his bread, fat, and he will give the dainties of a king. Naphtali a mighty shoot, giving fair words. Joseph a fruitful son, a fruitful son upon a fountain, the daughters mounting over a wall. This adversary will embitter him, and the lords of the arrows will lie in wait. And his bow will dwell in strength, and the seed of his hands will be firm by the hands of the mighty one of Jacob; from whence the shepherd, the stone of Israel By the God of thy father, and he will help thee, and by the Almighty, and he will bless thee with the blessing of the heavens above, the blessing of the sea lying under, the blessing of the breasts and the womb. The blessings of thy father were strong above the blessings of the everlasting mountains; the delight of the eternal hills, they shall be upon the head of Joseph and upon the crown of the head of him separated from his brethren. Benjamin, a Wolf, tearing in pieces; in the morning will he eat the prey, and at evening he will divide the prey.
Every widow and orphan ye shall not afflict. If afflicting, thou shalt afflict him, if crying, he shall cry to me, hearing, I will hear his cry. read more. And my anger kindling, I killed you with the sword; and your wives were widows, and your sons orphans.
And there will come near the daughters of Zelophehad son of Hepher, son of Gilead, son of Machir, son of Manasseh, for the families of Manesseh, son of Joseph: and these the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah, and Hoglah, and Milcah, and Tirzah. And they will stand before Moses, and before Eleazar the priest, and before the chiefs, and all the assembly at the door of the tent of appointment, saying, read more. Our father died in the desert, and he was not in the midst of the assembly of them being gathered together against Jehovah, in the assembly of Korah; for he died in his sin, and there were no sons to him. Wherefore shall the name of our father be taken away from the midst of his family because there is not to him a son? Thou shalt give to us a possession in the midst of the brethren of our father. And Moses will bring near their judgment before Jehovah. And Jehovah will speak to Moses, saying. The daughters of Zelophehad spake rightly: giving, thou shalt give to them the possession of an inheritance in the midst of the brethren of their father, and cause the inheritance of their father to pass over to them. And to the sons of Israel thou shalt speak, saying, A man when he shall die, and no son to him, and cause ye his inheritance to pass to his daughter.
And to the sons of Israel thou shalt speak, saying, A man when he shall die, and no son to him, and cause ye his inheritance to pass to his daughter. And if no daughter to him, give his inheritance to his brethren. read more. And if no brethren to him, give ye his inheritance to the brethren of his father. And if no brethren to his father, give his inheritance to his remainder being near to him from his family; and he shall possess it, and it shall be to the sons of Israel for a law of judgment, as Jehovah commanded Moses.
He did the judgment of the orphan and the widow, and he loved the stranger to give to him bread and a garment
Thou shalt not turn away the judgment of the stranger, the fatherless; and thou shalt not take as a pledge the garment of the widow.
and Jephthah the Gileadite was a man of strength, and he the son of a woman, a harlot And Gilead will beget Jephthah. And Gilead's wife will bring forth sons to him, and his wife's sons will grow, and they will drive out Jephthah, and they will say to him, Thou shalt not inherit in our father's house, for thou the son of another woman. read more. And Jephthah will flee from the face of his brethren and will dwell in the land of Tob: and empty men will gather together to Jephthah and will go forth with him. And it will be from days and the sons of Ammon will war with Israel. And it will be when the sons of Ammon warred with Israel, and the old men of Israel will go to take Jephthah out of the land of Tob. And they will say to Jephthah, Come and be to us for leader, and we will war against the sons of Ammon. And Jephthah will say to the old men of Gilead, Did ye not hate me, and ye will drive me out from my father's house? and why came ye to me now when there is distress to you?
In those days Hezekiah was sick to death; and Isaiah son of Amos the prophet will come in to him, and he will say to him, Thus said Jehovah, Command to thy house, for thou art dying, and thou shalt not live.
An understanding servant shall rule a son causing shame, and shall divide the inheritance in the midst of the brethren.
Learn to do good; seek out judgment, lead right the oppressor, judge the orphan, contend for the widow.
To turn away the judgment of the powerless, and to strip off judgment of the distressed of my people, for widows to be their plunder, and they will plunder orphans.
Ye shall not oppress the stranger, the orphan and the widow, and innocent blood ye shall not pour out in this place, and after other gods ye shall not go, for evil to you;
Thus said Jehovah, Do ye judgment and justice, and deliver him taken by force, from the hand of him oppressing: ye shall not be violent, ye shall not oppress the stranger, the orphan, and the widow, and ye shall not pour but innocent blood in this place.
They made light of father and mother in thee: they did with violence to the stranger in the midst of thee: they oppresed the orphan and the widow in thee.