473 occurrences

'Evil' in the Bible

And out of the ground Jehovah Elohim made every tree grow that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; and the tree of life, in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

Verse ConceptsKnowledge Of Good And EvilSprouting PlantsMetaphorical TreesKnowingSproutingBeauty Of ThingsFood DefinedKnowing Right And WrongHealing Of NationsAdam and eve disobey godnatural LifeBeauty Of NatureThe Beauty Of Nature

And Jehovah Elohim said, Behold, Man is become as one of us, to know good and evil. And now, lest he stretch out his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever ...!

Verse ConceptsGarden Of Eden, TheKnowledge, Of SinKnowledge Of Good And EvilUniquenessGod, TrinityImmortality, In OtSeeking LifeMetaphorical TreesArrogantly Like GodGraspingKnowing Right And WrongMen As GodsNot For EverPeople With Knowledgepotentialautonomy

And Esau saw that the daughters of Canaan were evil in the sight of Isaac his father.

Verse ConceptsSeeing SituationsTroubling Individualshumor

These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, fed the flock with his brethren; and he was doing service with the sons of Bilhah, and with the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives. And Joseph brought to his father an evil report of them.

Verse ConceptsThose Who Kept StockHalf brothersParents Being Wrong

And now come and let us kill him, and cast him into one of the pits, and we will say, An evil beast has devoured him; and we will see what becomes of his dreams.

Verse ConceptsAnimals Eating PeopleWild Animals DevouringAttempting To Kill Specific PeopleUnfulfilled Word

And he discerned it, and said, It is my son's vest! an evil beast has devoured him: Joseph is without doubt rent in pieces!

Verse ConceptsPeople Torn To PiecesFine ClothesAnimals Eating PeopleWild Animals Devouring

And the thing which he did was evil in the sight of Jehovah, and he slew him also.

Verse ConceptsGod KillingGod Killing IndividualsSpilling Your Seed On The Ground

They were gone out of the city, and not yet far off, when Joseph said to him who was over his house, Up! follow after the men; and when thou overtakest them, thou shalt say to them, Why have ye rewarded evil for good?

Verse ConceptsIngratitudePeople Not Far AwayRepaying Evil For Good

Is not this it in which my lord drinks, and in which indeed he divines? Ye have done evil in what ye have done.

for how should I go up to my father if the lad were not with me? lest I see the evil that would come on my father.

Verse ConceptsNot With People

And Jacob said to Pharaoh, The days of the years of my sojourning are a hundred and thirty years. Few and evil have been the days of the years of my life, and they do not attain to the days of the years of the life of my fathers, in the days of their sojourning.

Verse ConceptsAge, Span Of LifePhysical LifePilgrimagePilgrims, Examples OfFamily Problems

the Angel that redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads; and let my name be named upon them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the land!

Verse ConceptsPeople Naming PeopleAngels Looking After PeopleAngels Providing ProtectionMay God Bless!

When Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand on the head of Ephraim, it was evil in his eyes; and he took hold of his father's hand to remove it from Ephraim's head to Manasseh's head.

Verse ConceptsHands On HeadsBlessings For The Right HandTroubling Individuals

And when Joseph's brethren saw that their father was dead, they said, If now Joseph should be hostile to us, and should indeed requite us all the evil that we did to him!

Verse ConceptsGrudgesResentment, Against PeopleResponseRepaying Evil For EvilNamed People Angry With Others

Thus shall ye speak to Joseph: Oh forgive, I pray thee, the transgression of thy brethren, and their sin! for they did evil to thee. And now, we pray thee, forgive the transgression of the servants of the God of thy father. And Joseph wept when they spoke to him.

Verse ConceptsAsking for forgivenessAskingForgive One AnotherWronging Other PeopleGod's ForgivenessLove And Forgivenessforgivingdisobedience

And Moses returned to Jehovah, and said, Lord, why hast thou done evil to this people? why now hast thou sent me?

Verse ConceptsGod Sending ProphetsGod TroublingWhy Does God Do This?

For ever since I came to Pharaoh to speak in thy name, he hath done evil to this people; neither hast thou delivered thy people at all!

Verse ConceptsPeople Actually Doing Evil

And he said to them, Let Jehovah be so with you, as I let you go, and your little ones: see that evil is before you!

Verse ConceptsGod Be With YouWronging Other People

Why should the Egyptians speak, and say, For misfortune he has brought them out, to slay them on the mountains, and to annihilate them from the face of the earth? Turn from the heat of thine anger, and repent of this evil against thy people!

Verse ConceptsGod Changing His MindGod Might Kill His PeopleGod Turned Back From Harming ThemLet Not God Be AngryGod Bringing Israel Out Of Egypt

And Jehovah repented of the evil that he had said he would do to his people.

Verse ConceptsGod, Repentance OfRepentance, Nature OfGod Changing His Mind

And when the people heard this evil word, they mourned; and no man put on his ornaments.

Verse ConceptsMourningPeople Stripping Off

Or if any one swear, talking rashly with the lips, to do evil or to do good, in everything that a man shall say rashly with an oath, and it be hid from him, when he knoweth it, then is he guilty in one of these.

Verse ConceptsCarelessnessOaths, HumanAbsence Of ThoughtSin Made KnownSwearing Oaths FalselyRash PeopleSwearing

And I will give peace in the land, and ye shall lie down, and none shall make you afraid; and I will put away the evil beasts out of the land; and the sword shall not go through your land.

Verse ConceptsSleeplessnessWild Beasts SubduedPeaceMaking Peace With EnemiesSleeping PeacefullyDivine Protection

And it came to pass that when the people murmured, it was evil in the ears of Jehovah; and Jehovah heard it, and his anger was kindled, and the fire of Jehovah burned among them, and consumed some in the extremity of the camp.

Verse ConceptsBalaams Donkeydoubt, results ofFireGrudgesHearingProvoking GodResentment, Against GodAnger Of God, Examples OfDivine DispleasureDispleasureComplaintsFire From HeavenGod Paid Attention To ThemGod Will Be AngryProblem PeopleComplaining

And Moses heard the people weep throughout their families, every one at the entrance of his tent; and the anger of Jehovah was kindled greatly; it was also evil in the eyes of Moses.

Verse ConceptsTentsGod Will Be AngryMourning In RegretNot Pleasing People

And Moses said to Jehovah, Why hast thou done evil to thy servant, and why have I not found favour in thine eyes, that thou layest the burden of all this people upon me?

Verse ConceptsHeavy BurdensNot Pleasing God

And they brought to the children of Israel an evil report of the land which they had searched out, saying, The land, which we have passed through to search it out, is a land that eateth up its inhabitants; and all the people that we have seen in it are men of great stature;

Verse ConceptsBad Newsdoubt, results ofGiantsexploring

How long shall I bear with this evil assembly, which murmur against me? I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel, which they murmur against me.

Verse ConceptsFaultsGod, Patience OfHearingRejection Of GodGod, All knowingGrumblingBefore God ActsComplaining

I Jehovah have spoken; I will surely do it unto all this evil assembly which have gathered together against me! in this wilderness they shall be consumed, and there they shall die.

Verse ConceptsDecadenceDying In The WildernessDeath As Punishment

And the men whom Moses had sent to search out the land, who returned, and made the whole assembly to murmur against him, by bringing up an evil report upon the land,

Verse ConceptsDiscontentSpying

even those men who had brought up an evil report upon the land, died by a plague before Jehovah.

Verse Conceptsdoubt, results ofAnger Of God, Examples OfDeath As Punishmentnegativity

And why have ye made us to go up out of Egypt, to bring us to this evil place? it is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates, neither is there any water to drink.

Verse ConceptsFruitFig treeBlamePomegranatesAssembling At The DoorwayBringing Israel Out Of EgyptNo Water For PeopleOthers Bringing Israel Out Of Egypt

how our fathers went down to Egypt, and we dwelt in Egypt a long time, and the Egyptians evil entreated us and our fathers;

Verse ConceptsPeople Actually Doing EvilStaying A Long Time

And Balaam said to the Angel of Jehovah, I have sinned; for I knew not that thou stoodest in the way against me; and now, if it be evil in thine eyes, I will get me back again.

Verse ConceptsAcknowledge, SinIndividuals going homeIgnorant Of FactsWe Have Sinned

And Jehovah's anger was kindled against Israel, and he made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until the whole generation was consumed that had done evil in the eyes of Jehovah.

Verse ConceptsForty YearsGenerationsAnger Of God, ConsequencesNomadsThe Number FortyThe Homeless40 To 50 YearsHomelessnessGod Led Them Through The WildernessDying In The Desert Waiting For God's Timingwandering

None among these men, this evil generation, shall in any wise see that good land, which I swore to give unto your fathers!

Verse ConceptsEvil GenerationsExclusion

And your little ones, of whom ye said, They shall be a prey, and your children, who this day know neither good nor evil, they shall go in thither, and unto them will I give it, and they shall possess it.

Verse ConceptsLack Of DiscernmentImmaturityInexperienceAge Of AccountabilityKnowing Right And WrongRules About Young PeopleThose Who Were IgnorantBabies Going To Heaven

When thou begettest sons, and sons' sons, and ye have remained long in the land, and shall corrupt yourselves, and make a graven image, the form of anything, and do evil in the sight of Jehovah thy God, to provoke him to anger,

Verse ConceptsProvokingIdols

and Jehovah will take away from thee all sickness, and none of the evil infirmities of Egypt, which thou knowest, will he put upon thee; but he will lay them upon all them that hate thee.

Verse ConceptsAbolitionBlessings, To IsraeldiseasesHatredImmunityHealth PromisedDiseaseSicknessHateProtection From EnemiesIllnessProtection From Dangerhaters

And I fell down before Jehovah, as at the first, forty days and forty nights, I ate no bread and drank no water, because of all your sin which ye had sinned, in doing what is evil in the eyes of Jehovah, to provoke him to anger.

Verse ConceptsMediatorProstrationWaterFasting, Accompanied ByMore Than One MonthFasting For Long Periods

And that prophet, or that dreamer of dreams, shall be put to death; for he hath spoken revolt against Jehovah your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed you out of the house of bondage, to draw thee out of the way that Jehovah thy God commanded thee to walk in; and thou shalt put evil away from thy midst.

Verse ConceptsGod, As RedeemerBad InfluenceGod's WaysPurity, Moral And SpiritualRebellion, Against GodSatan, Agents OfSatan, As DeceiverMisleading DreamsFalse Prophets DenouncedGroups Of SlavesWalking In God's WayDeath Penalty For HeresyGod Bringing Israel Out Of EgyptDreams And False Prophets

Beware that there be not a wicked thought in thy heart, saying, The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand; and thine eye be evil against thy poor brother, and thou givest him nought; and he cry against thee to Jehovah, and it be sin in thee.

Verse ConceptsSabbatical YearThoughtYearsCancellation Of DeptDo Not Be StingyPeople Forgiving OthersPeople Without MercyHelping The Poor

But if there be a defect therein, if it be lame, or blind, or have any evil defect, thou shalt not sacrifice it to Jehovah thy God.

Verse ConceptsCripplesAnimals, religious role ofBlemishImperfection, And God's PurposesLamenessBlemished Creatures

If there be found in thy midst in any of thy gates which Jehovah thy God giveth thee, man or woman, that doeth what is evil in the sight of Jehovah thy God, in transgressing his covenant,

Verse ConceptsAbominations, Judgments OfBreaking The Covenant

The hands of the witnesses shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterwards the hands of all the people; and thou shalt put evil away from thy midst.

Verse ConceptsBeing Firstevil, warnings againstBanishmentPurity, Moral And SpiritualWitnesses, LegalFirst To Act

And the man that shall act presumptuously, and not hearken unto the priest that standeth to serve there before Jehovah thy God, or unto the judge, that man shall die; and thou shalt put away evil from Israel.

Verse Conceptsethics, socialDeath penaltyHigh Priest, In OtIrreverenceJudgesMinistry, Nature OfSin, Nature OfStubbornnessAnarchyDeath Penalty For Violence

then shall ye do unto him as he had thought to have done unto his brother; and thou shalt put evil away from thy midst.

Verse ConceptsBanishmentSin, God's Judgment OnEquality Of Punishment

And those that remain shall hear, and fear, and shall henceforth commit no more any such evil in thy midst.

Verse ConceptsFear Is Due

And all the men of his city shall stone him with stones, that he die. And thou shalt put evil away from thy midst; and all Israel shall hear and fear.

Verse Conceptsevil, warnings againstBanishmentPunishment, Legal Aspects OfSelf WillChildren, UngratefulFear Is DueInstructions About Stoning

and charge her with things for scandalous talk, and cause an evil name against her to be spread abroad, and say, This woman have I taken, and I came in unto her, and I did not find her a virgin;

and they shall fine him a hundred shekels of silver, and give them unto the father of the damsel, because he hath caused an evil name to be spread abroad against a virgin in Israel. And she shall remain his wife: he may not put her away all his days.

Verse ConceptsCoinageAvoid DivorceFine As Penalty

then they shall bring out the damsel unto the entrance of her father's house, and the men of her city shall stone her with stones that she die: because she hath wrought infamy in Israel, committing fornication in her father's house; and thou shalt put evil away from thy midst.

Verse ConceptsdisgraceBanishmentPunishment, Legal Aspects OfDeath Penalty For Sexual SinInstructions About StoningsexDeath Of A MotherDeath Of A FatherSex Before MarriageFamily DeathFather And Daughter RelationshipsFathers And Daughtersmistresspremaritalwhoresvirginity

then ye shall bring them both out unto the gate of that city, and stone them with stones that they die; the damsel, because she cried not, being in the city, and the man, because he hath humbled his neighbour's wife; and thou shalt put evil away from thy midst.

Verse ConceptsComing To GatesInstructions About Stoning

When thou goest forth into camp against thine enemies, then keep thee from every evil thing.

If a man be found who hath stolen one of his brethren of the children of Israel, and who hath treated him as a slave and sold him, that thief shall die; and thou shalt put evil away from thy midst.

Verse ConceptsBanishmentKidnappingCommerceDeath Penalty For Violencerelaxation

Jehovah will smite thee in the knees and in the legs with evil ulcers, whereof thou canst not be healed, from the sole of thy foot unto the top of thy head.

Verse ConceptsLegsKneesNo Healing

The eye of the man in thy midst that is tender and very luxurious shall be evil towards his brother, and the wife of his bosom, and the residue of his children which he hath left;

Verse ConceptsBrothersEvil EyesPeople OpposedStingy Peopleempathytenderheartedness

The eye of the tender and luxurious woman in thy midst who would not attempt to set the sole of her foot upon the ground from luxuriousness and from tenderness, shall be evil toward the husband of her bosom, and her son, and her daughter,

Verse ConceptsPeople Opposed

then Jehovah will make thy plagues wonderful, and the plagues of thy seed, great and persistent plagues and evil and persistent sicknesses;

Verse ConceptsDiseaseIllness

For I know that after my death ye will utterly corrupt yourselves, and will turn aside from the way which I have commanded you; and mischief will befall you at the end of days; because ye do evil in the sight of Jehovah, to provoke him to anger through the work of your hands.

Verse ConceptsCorruption, CausesGod's WaysProvoking GodSin, Nature OfKnowing Beforehand

But it shall come to pass, that as every good word hath been fulfilled to you, that Jehovah your God spoke to you, so will Jehovah bring upon you every evil word, until he have destroyed you from off this good land which Jehovah your God hath given you;

Verse ConceptsReliabilityThreateningsGod Will Kill His People

And if it seem evil unto you to serve Jehovah, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods whom your fathers that were on the other side of the river served, or the gods of the Amorite, in whose land ye dwell; but as for me and my house, we will serve Jehovah.

Verse ConceptsFreedom, Of The WillAge, Glories OfFamily, Worship InChoicesdoubt, results ofFamilies, Examples OfGood Decision Making ExamplesIntentionsHeads Of The FamilyChoosingFaithful, Choose To RemainZeal, ReligiousLife's PurposeEmployers, Good ExamplesChoosing God's WayBehold Me!Encouraged To Serve Foreign godsServing One's Own GodsBeyond The EuphratesServingServing God

And the people of Israel did what was evil in the sight of the LORD and served the Ba'als;

Verse ConceptsAdultery, SpiritualServanthood, And Worship Of GodSin, Nature OfGod's People Sinning

Whenever they marched out, the hand of the LORD was against them for evil, as the LORD had warned, and as the LORD had sworn to them; and they were in sore straits.

Verse ConceptsdefeatMiseryGod OpposingGod Harmed Them

And the people of Israel did what was evil in the sight of the LORD, forgetting the LORD their God, and serving the Ba'als and the Ashe'roth.

Verse ConceptsForgettingBaal Worship, HistorySuccessServing AsherahGod's People Sinning

And the people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD strengthened Eglon the king of Moab against Israel, because they had done what was evil in the sight of the LORD.

Verse Conceptsenemies, of Israel and JudahPower, HumanGod's People Sinning

And the people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of the LORD, after Ehud died.

Verse ConceptsGod's People Sinning

The people of Israel did what was evil in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD gave them into the hand of Mid'ian seven years.

Verse ConceptsFreedom, Acts Of In Otenemies, of Israel and JudahSeven YearsGod Will Cause DefeatGod's People Sinning

And God sent an evil spirit between Abim'elech and the men of Shechem; and the men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abim'elech;

Verse Conceptsevil, victory overevil, origins ofSpiritsThose Who Deceived

And the people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of the LORD, and served the Ba'als and the Ash'taroth, the gods of Syria, the gods of Sidon, the gods of Moab, the gods of the Ammonites, and the gods of the Philistines; and they forsook the LORD, and did not serve him.

Verse ConceptsFalse GodsBaal Worship, HistoryPolytheismServing AsherahGod's People Sinning

And the people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD gave them into the hand of the Philistines for forty years.

Verse ConceptsLand, As A Divine Gift40 To 50 YearsGod Will Cause DefeatGod's People Sinning

Now therefore give up the men, the base fellows in Gib'e-ah, that we may put them to death, and put away evil from Israel." But the Benjaminites would not listen to the voice of their brethren, the people of Israel.

Verse ConceptsPurity, Moral And SpiritualHanding Over PeopleDeath Penalty For Sexual Sin

And he said to them, Why do ye such things? for I hear of your evil deeds from all this people.

Verse ConceptsWhy Do You Do This?

And see, if it go up by the way of its own border to Beth-shemesh, it is he who has done us this great evil; if not, then we shall know that it is not his hand that touched us; it was a chance that happened to us.

Verse ConceptsChanceDistinguishingNatural Disasters

Why then didst thou not hearken to the voice of Jehovah, but didst fall upon the spoil, and didst evil in the sight of Jehovah?

Verse ConceptsPlundering

And Saul's servants said to him, Behold now, an evil spirit from God troubles thee.

Verse ConceptsNervousness

Let our lord now speak; thy servants are before thee: they shall seek out a man, a skilful player on a harp; and it shall come to pass, when the evil spirit from God is upon thee, that he shall play with his hand, and thou shalt be well.

Verse ConceptsHarpsInstrumentalists

And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took the harp, and played with his hand; and Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.

Verse ConceptsHarpsLeisure, And PastimesMedicineMusiciansTemperamentInstrumentalistsPeople RefreshedMental HealthMental IllnessAtmosphereAnxiety And DepressionDepressioninstrumentssaulDemonic Influence

And Saul was very wroth, and that saying was evil in his sight; and he said, They have ascribed to David ten thousands, but to me they have ascribed the thousands; and what is there more for him but the kingdom?

Verse ConceptsTemperEnvy, Example OfDislikingFrustrationAngry People

And it came to pass the next day that an evil spirit from God came upon Saul, and he prophesied in the midst of the house, but David played with his hand, as on other days; and the spear was in Saul's hand.

Verse ConceptsDavid, Abilities Ofevil, victory overHarpsMedicineProphecy, Methods Of OtSpiritsInstrumentalistsMental Illness

And an evil spirit from Jehovah was upon Saul. And he sat in his house with his spear in his hand; and David played with his hand.

Verse ConceptsAlertevil, victory overSpiritsInstrumentalistsMental Illness

If he say thus, It is well, thy servant shall have peace; but if he be very wroth, be sure that evil is determined by him.

Verse ConceptsAnger ManagementAngry People

And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee; for, if I knew with certainty that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, would I not tell it thee?

Verse ConceptsFar Be It!Things Revealed

Jehovah do so and much more to Jonathan. Should it please my father to do thee evil, then I will apprise thee of it, and send thee away, that thou mayest go in peace; and Jehovah be with thee, as he has been with my father.

Verse ConceptsGod Be With YouGod With Specific People

And see, my father, yes, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand. For in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in my hand, and I have not sinned against thee; yet thou liest in wait for my life to take it.

Verse ConceptsHuntingAttempting To Kill Specific PeoplePlea Of Innocence

And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I; for thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil.

Verse ConceptsOpposition, To Sin And Evil

And the name of the man was Nabal, and the name of his wife Abigail; and the woman was of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance; but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was a Calebite.

Verse ConceptsBehaviourIntelligenceOutward AppearanceSelfishness, Examples OfGood Wives ExamplesBeauty, In WomenDiscourtesyWomen's BeautyBeauty Of NatureA Good WomanInner BeautyBeauty And Self WorthA Good HusbandBeautiful Women

And now know and consider what thou wilt do, for evil is determined against our master, and against all his household; and he is such a son of Belial, that one cannot speak to him.

Verse ConceptsTemperament

Now David had said, Surely, in vain have I kept all that this man had in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that was his; and he has requited me evil for good.

Verse ConceptsIngratitudeReward, HumanMannersUseless LabourPeople Actually Doing Evil

And now, my lord, as Jehovah liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing Jehovah has restrained thee from coming with bloodshed, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.

Verse ConceptsSheddingRestraints From KillingNot Avenging

I pray thee, forgive the transgression of thy handmaid: for Jehovah will certainly make my lord a lasting house; because my lord fights the battles of Jehovah, and evil has not been found in thee all thy days.

Verse ConceptsForgive One AnotherFighting EnemiesForgiving Others Who Hurt You

Bible Theasaurus

Reverse Interlinear

Strong's
Root Form
Definition
Usage
κακός 
Kakos 
Usage: 46

κακοποιέω 
Kakopoieo 
do evil , evil doing
Usage: 2

κακόω 
Kakoo 
Usage: 5

πονηρός 
Poneros 
Usage: 36

אויל מרדך 
'Eviyl M@rodak 
Usage: 2

און 
'aven 
Usage: 79

בּליּעל 
B@liya`al 
Usage: 27

דּבּה 
Dibbah 
Usage: 9

ירע 
Yara` 
Usage: 8

רעה רע 
Ra` 
Usage: 669

רע 
Roa` 
Usage: 19

רעע 
Ra`a` 
Usage: 98

G92
ἀδίκημα 
Adikema 
Usage: 3

βλασφημέω 
Blasphemeo 
Usage: 31

βλασφημία 
Blasphemia 
Usage: 13

δυσφημία 
Dusphemia 
Usage: 1

κακία 
Kakia 
Usage: 10

κακολογέω 
Kakologeo 
Usage: 1

κακοποιός 
Kakopoios 
Usage: 5

κακοῦργος 
Kakourgos 
Usage: 4

κακῶς 
Kakos 
be sick 9 , be diseased 9 , evil , grievously , sore , miserable , amiss , sick people 9
Usage: 12

καταλαλέω 
Katalaleo 
Usage: 5

καταλαλία 
Katalalia 
Usage: 2

φαῦλος 
Phaulos 
Usage: 2