Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
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beginning from the baptism of John, until the day on which He was taken up from us, it behooveth one of these to be witness of His resurrection along with us.
And Peter standing with the eleven, lifted up his voice and spoke to them: Judean men and all ye dwelling at Jerusalem, let this be known unto you, and know my words.
and the young men, rising up, took him, and having carried him out, buried him.
And the twelve calling to them the multitude of the disciples, said, It is not pleasing that we, leaving the word of God, serve tables.
and this they did, sending to the elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul.
And he, beckoning to them with his hand to keep silent, related how the Lord led him out from the prison: and said, Proclaim these things to James, and the brethren. And having gone out, he departed into another place.
but Elymas the magician (for thus his name is interpreted) opposed them, seeking to turn away the proconsul from the faith.
And the apostles, Barnabas and Paul, hearing, rending their garments, rushed into the crowd, crying out, and saying,
And electing elders for them in every church, praying with fasting, they commended them to the Lord, on whom they had believed.
And God, who knows the heart, witnessed to them, giving to them the Holy Ghost, as also to us;
Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, along with the whole church, to send men chosen from them into Antioch along with Paul and Barnabas; Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leaders among the brethren:
And having sent from Miletus into Ephesus, he called for the elders of the church.
Take heed to yourselves, and all the flock, over which the Holy Ghost has placed you shepherds, to shepherdise the church of God, which He bought with His own blood.
or he that exhorteth, in exhortation; or he that giveth, with a single eye; he that presideth, with diligence; he that showeth mercy, with cheerfulness.
I commend unto you our sister Phoebe, being a minister of the church which is in Cenchrea,
Salute Andronicus and Junias, my kinsman and my fellow-soldiers, who are celebrated among the apostles, who were also in Christ before me.
I speak this to your shame. Is there not one wise man among you who shall be able to judge between his brother?
Therefore, my beloved, fly from idolatry.
But every woman praying or prophesying with her head uncovered dishonors her head: for that is one and the same to her being shaven.
Does not nature itself teach you, that, if a man may indeed have long hair, it is a dishonor to him?
and that he was seen by Cephas; then by the twelve.
Paul, an apostle, not from men, nor through man, but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead,
but I saw no other of the apostles, except James the brother of the Lord.
for the one having wrought with Peter unto the apostleship of the circumcision also wrought with me unto the Gentiles:
having been built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief cornerstone,
And he gave some, apostles; some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;
And he gave some, apostles; some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;
Paul and Timothy, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints who are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons.
But we intreat you, brethren, to know those who are laboring among you, and standing before you in the Lord, and admonishing you;
Likewise let their wives be grave, not tattlers, modest, faithful in all things.
Rebuke not an elder, but exhort him as a father; the younger men as brothers:
Let the elders who stand before the people beautifully, be considered worthy of double remuneration, especially those laboring in the word and teaching.
Let the elders who stand before the people beautifully, be considered worthy of double remuneration, especially those laboring in the word and teaching.
Therefore I left you in Crete, in order that you may set in order remaining things, and establish elders in every city, as I commanded you;
For it behooves the bishop to be blameless, as the steward of God; not audacious, not irascible, not given to wine, not a controvertist, not fond of filthy lucre;
Remember your leaders, who spoke to you the word of God: the outgoing of whose deportment seeing, imitate their faith.
Obey your leaders, and be submissive: for they are watching for your souls, as they shall give an account that they may do this with joy and not with grief, for this is unprofitable to you.
But, my brethren, before all, swear not, neither by heaven, or by earth, or any other oath: but let your conversation be yes yes; and no no; lest you may fall under condemnation.
Is any one sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord.
Therefore I, being a fellow-elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, also a communicant of the glory which is about to be revealed, exhort the elders who are among you:
But I have it against you, that you suffer the woman Jezebel, who says herself to be a prophet, and teaches and deceives my servants to commit fornication, and to cat things sacrificed to idols.
And the wall of the city having twelve foundations, and on them the twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.