Reference: Gestures
Hastings
The Oriental is a natural expert in appropriate and expressive gesture. To his impulsive and emotional temperament, attitude and action form a more apt vehicle for thought and feeling than even speech. Movement of feature, shrug of shoulder, turn of hand, express much, and suggest delicate shades of meaning which cannot be put in words. Conversation is accompanied by a sort of running commentary of gestures. Easterns conduct argument and altercation at the pitch of their voices; emphasis is supplied almost wholly by gestures. These are often so violent that an unskilled witness might naturally expect to see bloodshed follow.
The word does not occur in Scripture, but the thing, in various forms, is constantly appearing. Bowing the head or body marks reverence, homage, or worship (Ge 18:2; Ex 20:5; 1Ch 21:21; Ps 95:6; Isa 60:14). The same is true of kneeling (1Ki 19:18; 2Ki 1:13; Ps 95:6; Mr 1:40). This sign of homage the tempter sought from Jesus (Mt 4:9). Kneeling was a common attitude in prayer (1Ki 8:54; Ezr 9:6; Da 6:10; Lu 22:41; Eph 3:14 etc.). The glance of the eye may mean appeal, as the upward look in prayer (Job 22:26; Mr 6:41 etc.), anger (Mr 3:5), or reproach (Lu 22:61). A shake of the head may express scorn or derision (2Ki 19:21; Ps 109:25; Mr 15:29 etc.). A grimace of the lip is a sign of contempt (Ps 22:7). Shaking the dust off the feet, or shaking, however gently, one's raiment, indicates complete severance (Mt 10:14 etc.), denial of responsibility (Ac 18:16), and often now, total ignorance of any matter referred to. Rending the garments betokens consternation, real (Ge 37:29; Jos 7:6; Ac 14:14 etc.) or assumed (2Ch 23:13; Mt 26:65), and grief (Jg 11:35; 2Sa 1:11 etc.). Joy was expressed by dancing (Ex 15:20; 1Sa 30:16; Jer 31:4 etc.) and clapping the hands (Ps 47:1; Isa 55:12 etc.). Spitting upon, or in the face, indicated deep despite (Nu 12:14; Isa 50:6; Mt 26:67, etc.). See Hand, Mourning Customs, Salutation.
Some gestures in common use are probably ancient. One who narrowly escapes danger, describing his experience, will crack his thumb nail off the edge of his front teeth, suggesting Job's 'with the skin of my teeth' (Job 19:20). One charged with a fault will put his elbows to his sides, turn his palms outward, and shrug his shoulders, with a slight side inclination of the head, repudiating responsibility for an act which, in his judgment, was plainly inevitable.
W. Ewing.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And he lift up his eyes and looked: and lo, three men stood not far from him. And when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and fell to the ground
And when Reuben came again unto the pit and found not Joseph there, he rent his clothes,
And Miriam, a prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women came out after her with timbrels in a dance.
See that thou neither bow thyself unto them neither serve them: for I, the LORD thy God, am a jealous God, and visit the sin of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me:
And the LORD said unto Moses, "If her father had spit in her face, should she not be ashamed seven days? Let her be shut out of the host seven days, and after that let her be received in again."
And Joshua rent his clothes and fell to the earth upon his face before the ark of the LORD until the eventide, both he and the elders of Israel; and put earth upon their heads.
And when he saw her, he rent his clothes and said, "Alas, my daughter, thou hast made me stoop, and art one of them that trouble me. For I have opened my mouth unto the LORD, and cannot go back."
And when Solomon had made an end of praying all this prayer and supplication unto the LORD, he arose from before the altar of the LORD and from kneeling on his knees and stretching of his hands up to heaven,
And thereto I have left me seven thousand in Israel, of which never man bowed his knees unto Baal nor kissed him with his mouth."
This is the thing that the LORD sayeth of him: He hath despised thee, O virgin daughter of Zion; he hath shaken his head at thee, thou daughter of Jerusalem.
And when she saw the king stand at his pillar in the entering, and the lords and trumpets about the king, and all the people of the land rejoicing and blowing with trumpets, and the singers with instruments of music teaching to praise. Then she rent her clothes and cried, "Treason! Treason!"
and said, "My God, I am ashamed, and dare not lift up mine eyes unto thee my God: for our wickednesses are grown over our head, and our trespasses are waxen great unto the heaven.
My bone hangeth to my skin, and my flesh is away; there is left me only the skin about my teeth.
Then shalt thou have thy delight in the Almighty, and lift up thy face unto God.
All they that see me, laugh me to scorn: they shoot out their lips, and shake their heads.
{To the Chanter, a Psalm of the children of Korah} O clap your hands together, all ye people; O sing unto God with the voice of melody!
O come, let us worship and fall down, and kneel before the LORD our maker.
O come, let us worship and fall down, and kneel before the LORD our maker.
I am become a reproach unto them; they look upon me and shake their heads.
But I offer my back unto the smiters, and my cheeks to the nippers. I turn not my face from shame and spitting,
And so shall ye go forth with joy, and be lead with peace. The mountains and hills shall sing with you for joy, and all the trees of the field shall clap their hands.
Moreover, those shall come kneeling unto thee that have vexed thee: and all they that despised thee, shall fall down at thy foot. Thou shalt be called the city of the LORD, the holy Zion of Israel.
I will repair thee again, O thou daughter of Israel, that thou mayest be fast and sure. Thou shalt take thy tabrets again, and go forth, with them that lead the dance.
Now when Daniel understood that the writing was made, he went into his house: and the windows of his hall toward Jerusalem stood open. There kneeled he down upon his knees, three times a day: there he made his petition, and praised his God, like as his manner was to do afore time.
and said to him, "All these will I give thee if thou wilt fall down and worship me."
And whosoever shall not receive you, nor will hear your preaching, when ye depart out of that house, or that city, shake off the dust of your feet.
Then the high priest rent his clothes saying, "He hath blasphemed: what need we of any more witnesses? Behold, now have ye heard his blasphemy:
Then spat they in his face, and buffeted him with their fists. And others smote him with the palm of their hands on the face,
And there came a leper to him, beseeching him, and kneeled down unto him, and said unto him, "If thou wilt, thou canst make me clean."
And he looked round about on them, angrily mourning on the blindness of their hearts. And said to the man, "Stretch forth thine hand." And he stretched it out: And his hand was restored, even as whole as the other.
And he took the five loaves and the two fishes; And looked up to heaven and blessed, and brake the loaves, and gave them to his disciples to put before them, and the two fishes he divided among them all.
And they that went by, railed on him: wagging their heads, and saying, "A wretch, that destroyest the temple and buildest it in three days.
And he gat himself from them, about a stone's cast, and kneeled down, and prayed,
And the Lord turned back and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the words of the Lord, how he said unto him, "Before the cock crow thou shalt deny me thrice."
But when the apostles, Barnabas and Paul heard that, they rent their clothes, and ran in among the people, crying
For this cause I bow my knees unto the father of our Lord Jesus Christ,