Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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Rejoice, O young man, in thy youth, and let thy heart gladden thee in the days of thine early manhood, and walk thou - in the ways of thine own heart, and in that which is seen by thine own eyes, - yet know, that, for all these things, will God bring thee into judgment.
and, many of the sleepers in the dusty ground, shall awake, - these, shall be to age-abiding life, but, those, to reproach, and age-abiding abhorrence;
Ye have heard, that it was said, to them of olden time, - Thou shalt not commit murder, and, whosoever shall commit murder, shall be, liable, to judgment. But, I, say unto you, that, every one who is angry with his brother, shall be, liable, to judgment, - and, whosoever shall say to his brother, Worthless one!, shall be, liable, to the high council; and, whosoever shall say, Rebel!, shall be, liable, unto the fiery gehenna.
Verily, I say unto you, - More tolerable, will it be, for the land of Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for, that, city!
But I say unto you, That, every useless expression that men shall utter, they shall render, concerning it, an account, in a day of judgment;
But, whensoever the Son of Man shall come in his glory, and all the messengers with him, then will he sit on his throne of glory; And there will be gathered before him, all the nations, and he will separate them one from another, just as, the shepherd! separateth the sheep from the goats, - read more. And he will set, the sheep, indeed, on his right hand, but, the goats, on the left. Then, will the king say to those on his right hand: Come ye, the blessed of my Father! Inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; For I hungered, and ye gave me to eat, I thirsted, and ye gave me drink, a stranger, was I, and ye took me home, Naked, and ye clothed me, sick, and ye visited me, in prison, was I, and ye came unto me. Then, will the righteous answer him, saying: Lord! when, saw we thee - hungry, and fed thee, or thirsty, and gave thee drink? And, when, saw we thee - a stranger, and took thee home, or naked, and clothed thee? And, when, saw we thee - sick, or in prison, and came unto thee? And, answering, the king will say unto them: Verily, I say unto you - Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my least brethren, unto me, ye did it. Then, will he say unto those also, on his left hand: Depart ye from me, accursed ones! Into the age-abiding fire, which hath been prepared for the adversary and his messengers; For I hungered, and ye gave me not to eat, and I was thirsty, and ye gave me not to drink, A stranger, was I, and ye took me not home, naked, and ye clothed me not, sick, and in prison, and ye visited me not. Then, will, they also, answer, saying: Lord! when saw we thee - hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and ministered not unto thee? Then, will he answer them, saying: Verily, I say unto you - Inasmuch as ye did it not, unto one of these least, neither unto me, did ye it. And, these, shall go away, into, age-abiding, correction, but, the righteous, into, age-abiding, life.
Jesus saith unto him: Thou, hast said; Moreover, I say unto you - Hereafter, ye will see the Son of Man, sitting on the right hand of power, and coming upon the clouds of heaven.
For neither doth, the Father, judge anyone, - but, all the judging, hath given unto the Son:
inasmuch as he hath appointed a day, in which he is about to be judging the habitable earth in righteousness, by a man whom he hath pointed out, - offering faith unto all, by raising him from among the dead?
But, thou, why dost thou judge thy brother? Aye! and thou, why dost thou despise thy brother? For, all of us, shall present ourselves unto the judgment seat of God; For it is written - Living am, I, saith the Lord, unto me, shall bow every knee, and, every tongue, shall openly confess unto God. read more. Hence, then, each one of us, of himself shall give account unto God.
And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne; and, books, were opened, and, another book, was opened, which is, the book, of life; and the dead, were judged, out of the things written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were in it, and, death and hades, gave up the dead that were in them; and they were judged, each one, according to their works. read more. And, death and hades, were cast into the lake of fire. This, is, the second death - the lake of fire. And, if anyone was not found, in the book of life, written, he was cast into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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Another parable, put he before them, saying - The kingdom of the heavens hath become like a man sowing good seed in his field; and, while men were sleeping, his enemy came, and sowed over darnel, in among the wheat, - and away he went. read more. And, when the blade shot up, and brought forth, fruit, then, appeared, the darnel also. And the servants of the householder, coming near, said to him, - Sir! was it not, good seed, thou didst sow in thy field? Whence then hath it, darnel? And he said unto them - An enemy, hath, done this. And they say, unto him - Wilt thou, then, that we go and collect it? And, he, saith - Nay! lest, at any time, while collecting the darnel, ye uproot, along with it, the wheat: Suffer both to grow together until the harvest, and at, harvest time, I will say unto the reapers, - Collect ye first, the darnel, and bind it into bundles, with a view to the burning it up; but, the wheat, be gathering it into my barn.
And, he, answering, said - He that soweth the good seed, is the Son of Man; And, the field, is the world, and, the good seed, these are the sons of the kingdom, - and, the darnel seeds, are the sons of the evil one; read more. And, the enemy that sowed them, is the adversary, and, the harvest, is, the conclusion of an age, and, the reapers, are, messengers. Just, therefore, as collected is the darnel, and, with fire is burned, so, will it be in the conclusion of the age: - The Son of Man will send forth his messengers, and they will collect, out of his kingdom, all the causes of stumbling, and the doers of lawlessness, and will cast them into the furnace of fire: there, will be wailing and gnashing of teeth. Then, the righteous, will shine forth as the sun, in the kingdom of their Father. He that hath ears, let him hear!
Again, the kingdom of the heavens is like unto, a large drag-net, cast into the sea and gathering of every kind, - which, when it was filled, they dragged up on the beach, and, sitting down, collected the good into vessels, but, the worthless, forth they cast. read more. So, will it be in the conclusion of the age: The messengers will come forth, and separate the wicked from among the righteous;
And he will send forth his messengers, with a great trumpet, and they will gather together his chosen - Out of the four winds, from heavens' bounds, unto their bounds. Now, from the fig-tree, learn ye, the parable: - When, already, her young branch, becometh tender, and the leaves, may be sprouting, ye observe, that, near, is, the summer: read more. Thus, ye also, when ye shall see all these things, observe ye, that, near, he is, at the doors. Verily, I say unto you - In nowise, shall this generation, pass away, until all these things, shall happen: The heaven and the earth, shall pass away, but, my words, shall, in nowise, pass away. But, concerning that day and hour, no one, knoweth, neither the messengers of the heavens, nor the Son, - save the Father only. For, just as the days of Noah, so, will be the presence of the Son of Man; For, as they were in those days that were before the flood, feeding and drinking, marrying and being given in marriage, - until the day Noah entered into the ark; And they observed not, until the flood came and took away all together, so, will be, the presence of the Son of Man. Then, shall there be two men in the field, - one, is taken near, and, one, is left behind: Two women grinding at the mill, - one, is taken near, and, one, is left behind. Be watching, therefore, for ye know not, on what manner of day, your Lord is coming. But there is, one thing, ye know - That, if the householder, had known, in what watch, the thief was coming, he would have been on the alert, and not have suffered his house to be dug through. Wherefore, ye also, be getting ready, because, in what hour ye are, not thinking, The Son of Man doth come. Who then is the faithful and prudent servant, whom the master hath appointed over his household, to give them food in season?
That ye may eat and drink, at my table, in my kingdom, and sit upon thrones, judging, the twelve tribes of Israel.
In the day on which God judgeth the secrets of men according to my glad-message through Christ Jesus.
in high festival, - and unto an assembly of firstborn ones, enrolled in the heavens, - and unto God, judge of all, - and unto the spirits of righteous ones made perfect, -
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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For this cause, shall the lawless not stand in the judgment, - nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous.
Then shall be dissolved all the host of the heavens, And the heavens shall roll up as a scroll, - Yea, all their host, shall fade - Like the fading and falling of a leaf from a vine, and Like what fadeth and falleth from a fig-tree.
And when I quench thee, I will cover the heavens, And obscure their stars, - The sun - with a cloud, will I cover, And the moon shall not shed her light;
A stream of fire, was flowing on and issuing forth from before him, a thousand thousand, waited upon him and, ten thousand times ten thousand, before him, stood up, - Judgment, took its seat, and, books, were opened.
Before him, hath quaked the earth, have trembled the heavens, - the sun and the moon, have become dark, and, the stars, have withdrawn their shining;
Yea it shall come to pass, in that day, Declareth My Lord, Yahweh, that I will cause the sun to go in at high noon, - and will darken the earth on a day of brightness.!
For, thus, saith Yahweh of hosts, Yet once, a little, it is, - and I am shaking the heavens and the earth, and the sea and the dry land;
For the Son of Man is destined to be coming, in the glory of his Father, with his messengers, - and, then, will he give back unto each one, according to his practice.
But, straightway after the tribulation of those days, the sun, will be darkened, and, the moon, will not give her brightness, and, the stars, will fall from heaven, - and, the powers of the heavens, will be shaken;
But, whensoever the Son of Man shall come in his glory, and all the messengers with him, then will he sit on his throne of glory;
But, whensoever the Son of Man shall come in his glory, and all the messengers with him, then will he sit on his throne of glory; And there will be gathered before him, all the nations, and he will separate them one from another, just as, the shepherd! separateth the sheep from the goats, - read more. And he will set, the sheep, indeed, on his right hand, but, the goats, on the left. Then, will the king say to those on his right hand: Come ye, the blessed of my Father! Inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; For I hungered, and ye gave me to eat, I thirsted, and ye gave me drink, a stranger, was I, and ye took me home, Naked, and ye clothed me, sick, and ye visited me, in prison, was I, and ye came unto me. Then, will the righteous answer him, saying: Lord! when, saw we thee - hungry, and fed thee, or thirsty, and gave thee drink? And, when, saw we thee - a stranger, and took thee home, or naked, and clothed thee? And, when, saw we thee - sick, or in prison, and came unto thee? And, answering, the king will say unto them: Verily, I say unto you - Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my least brethren, unto me, ye did it. Then, will he say unto those also, on his left hand: Depart ye from me, accursed ones! Into the age-abiding fire, which hath been prepared for the adversary and his messengers; For I hungered, and ye gave me not to eat, and I was thirsty, and ye gave me not to drink, A stranger, was I, and ye took me not home, naked, and ye clothed me not, sick, and in prison, and ye visited me not. Then, will, they also, answer, saying: Lord! when saw we thee - hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and ministered not unto thee? Then, will he answer them, saying: Verily, I say unto you - Inasmuch as ye did it not, unto one of these least, neither unto me, did ye it. And, these, shall go away, into, age-abiding, correction, but, the righteous, into, age-abiding, life.
Do not be marvelling at this: because there come an hour, in which, all they in the tombs, shall hearken unto his voice, and shall come forth, - they who, the good things, have done, unto a resurrection, of life; but, they who the corrupt things, have practised, unto a resurrection, of judgment.
And, they, said - Believe on the Lord Jesus, and thou shalt be saved, thou, and thy house.
Now, if we have died together with Christ, we believe that we shall also live together with him;
For, unto me - living, is Christ, and, dying, gain.
For ye have died, and, your life, is hid, together with the Christ, in God, -
And, unto you that are afflicted, release, with us, - by the revealing of the Lord Jesus from heaven, with his messengers of power, In a fiery flame; holding forth vengeance - against them that refuse to know God, and them who decline to hearken unto the glad-message of our Lord Jesus, read more. Who, indeed, a penalty, shall pay - age-abiding destruction from the face of the Lord and from the glory of his might -
While, the heavens and the earth that now are, by the same word, have been stored with fire, being kept unto the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly men.
Howbeit the day of the Lord will be here, as a thief, - in which, the heavens, with a rushing noise, will pass away, while, elements, becoming intensely hot, will be dissolved, and, earth, and the works therein, will be discovered.
And, now, dear children, abide ye in him, in order that, if he be made manifest, we may have boldness, and not be shamed away from him by his presence.
And, in those days, shall men seek death, and in nowise shall find it, and shall covet to die, and death fleeth from them.
And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne; and, books, were opened, and, another book, was opened, which is, the book, of life; and the dead, were judged, out of the things written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were in it, and, death and hades, gave up the dead that were in them; and they were judged, each one, according to their works.
And he said unto me - Accomplished! I, am the A, and the Z, the Beginning and the End: I, unto him that is thirsting, will give of the fountain of the water of life, freely: