Reference: Trade and Commerce
Hastings
The processes by which international trade is carried on consist in the interchange of commodities or of services, and these latter may be positive or negative in character: they may be represented by actual performance or by the withdrawal of opposition. Such procedure as the occupation of passes or other natural channels for traffic, with the view of demanding tolls of the traders who use them, is the subject of few allusions in the OT; yet the location of the Israelitish kingdoms was such as to favour the production of revenue in this way. The most practicable routes both from the North and from the East to the Red Sea lay through their country; and the land route from Egypt to Asia either traversed or skirted it. United under a powerful sovereign, Palestine could levy large contributions on the traffic of the surrounding nations; and this appears to have been done in Solomon's time.
1. The products of Canaan were in the main agricultural, horticultural, and pastoral, and some of these could be exported. Oil was sent to Egypt (Ho 12:1) and Ph
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And they sat them down to eat bread. And as they lift up their eyes and looked about, there came a company of Ishmaelites from Gilead, and their camels laden with spicery, balm, and myrrh, and were going down into Egypt.
Then as the Midianites merchant men passed by, they drew Joseph out of the pit and sold him unto the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. And they brought him into Egypt.
Then their father Israel said unto them, "If it must needs be so now: then do thus, take of the best fruits of the land in your vessels, and bring the man a present, a courtesy balm, and a courtesy of honey, spices and myrrh, dates and almonds.
In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath and in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied. And they that walked by paths, went by ways that set compasses about.
and he said, "This shall be the duty of the king that shall reign over you: he will take your sons and put them to his chariots and make his horsemen of them and they must run before his chariot, and will make him captains of them over thousands and over fifties, and set them to ear his ground, and to gather in his harvest, and to make instruments of war and apparel for his chariots. read more. And he will take your daughters and make them the dressers of his ointments, and his cooks and bakers. And he shall take the best of your fields, and of your vineyards and of your olive trees, and give them to his servants. And he shall take the tenth of your seed and of your vines, and give it to his lords, and to his servants. And he shall take the best of your menservants and maidservants and young men, and of your asses, and do his work with them. And he shall take the tenth of your sheep, and ye shall be his servants.
and another company turned the way to Bethhoron; and the third company turned to the way of the coast that turneth to the valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness.
Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, which clothed you in purple and garments of pleasure, and bordered your raiment with ornaments of gold.
My servants shall bring them from Lebanon to the sea. And I will convey them by ship unto the place that thou shalt send me word, and will cause them to be discharged there, that thou mayest receive them. And thou shalt do me this pleasure again, to minister food for mine house."
And she came to Jerusalem with a mighty great multitude of Camels that bare sweet odours and gold exceeding much, and precious stones. And when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart.
The weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred three score and six talents of gold, besides that he had of chapmen and merchants of apothecaries and of all the kings of Arabia and of the lords of the country.
besides that he had of chapmen and merchants of apothecaries and of all the kings of Arabia and of the lords of the country.
A chariot came out of Egypt for six hundred sicles of silver, and a horse for a hundred and fifty. And even so, by the hands of the said merchants, horses were brought out for all the kings of the Hittites and for the kings of Syria.
And Benhadad said, "The cities which my father took from thy father, I will restore again. And thou shalt make streets for thee in Damascus, as my father did in Samaria. And I will make a covenant with thee and send thee away." And so he made a covenant with him and sent him away.
Then said Ahaziah the son of Ahab unto Jehoshaphat, "Let my servants go with thine in the ships." But Jehoshaphat would not. And Jehoshaphat laid him to sleep with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father. And Jehoram his son reigned in his room.
And there cried a certain woman of the wives of the children of the prophets unto Elisha, saying, "Thy servant my husband is dead, and thou knowest that thy servant did fear the LORD. And the creditor is come to fetch my two sons, to be his bondmen."
And Hazael went to meet him and took presents with him, even of all the good things of Damascus - as much as forty camels could bear - and came and presented himself before him and said, "Thy son Benhadad, king of Syria, hath sent me to thee, saying, 'Shall I recover of this my disease?'"
The sons of Shelah the son of Judah were Er the father of Lecah, and Laadah the father of Mareshah, and the kindreds of the households of them that wrought bysse in the house of Ashbea.
And behold, I sent for thy servants the cutters and hewers of timber twenty thousand quarters of beaten wheat, and twenty thousand quarters of barley, and twenty thousand baths of wine, and twenty thousand baths of oil.
And now the wheat, barley, oil and wine which my lord hath said, let him send his servants.
And between the parlor of the corner unto the Sheepgate builded the goldsmiths and the merchants.
And we decreed a statute upon ourselves, to give yearly the third part of a sicle to the ministration in the house of our God,
There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, which brought fish and all manner of wares, and sold on the Sabbath unto the children of Judah and Jerusalem.
Then remained the chapmen and merchants once or twice overnight without Jerusalem with all manner of wares.
for the paths that they go in are crooked: they haste after vain things, and shall perish.
Therefore came I forth to meet thee, that I might seek thy face, and so I have found thee.
Whoso hordeth up his corn, shall be cursed among the people; but blessing shall light upon his head that selleth it.
"It is naught; It is naught," sayeth he that buyeth anything: but when he cometh to his own house, then he boasteth of his pennyworth.
In that day shall the Lord take away the gorgeousness of their apparel, and spangles, chains, partlets, and collars, bracelets and hooves, read more. the goodly flowered wide and broidered raiment, brushes and headbands, rings and garlands, holiday clothes and veils, kerchiefs and pins, glasses and smocks, bonnets and taches. And instead of good smell there shall be stink among them. And for their girdles there shall be loose bands. And for well set hair there shall be baldness. Instead of a stomacher, a sackcloth; and for their beauty, witheredness and sunburning.
The heavy burden upon Arabia. At even ye shall abide in the wood, in the way toward Dedanim.
Let all valleys be exalted, and every mountain and hill be laid low. Whatso is crooked, let it be made straight, and let the rough places be made plain fields.
Or is not this rather the fast that I have chosen? To loose wicked bonds, and to unbind bundles of oppression? And to let the bruised go free? And that ye should break all manner yokes?
The abundance of camels shall cover thee, and the dromedaries of Midian and Ephah shall come all of them from Sheba, and bring gold and frankincense, and shall preach the praise of the LORD.
Build you houses to dwell therein; plant you gardens, that ye may enjoy the fruits thereof;
Wherefore the princes were angry with Jeremiah, causing him to be beaten, and to be laid in prison in the house of Jonathan the scribe. For he was the ruler of the prison.
The time cometh, the day draweth nigh. Whoso buyeth, let him not rejoice: he that selleth, let him not be sorry. For why? Trouble shall come in the midst of all rest:
"Thou son of man, because that Tyre hath spoken upon Jerusalem, 'Aha, now I trow the ports of the people be broken, and she turned unto me, for I have destroyed my belly full.'
and the Oaks of Bashan to make the rowers. Thy boards have they made of ivory, and of costly wood out of the Isle of Chittim.
Judah and the land of Israel occupied with thee, and brought unto thy markets, wheat, balm, honey, oil and treacle.
Judah and the land of Israel occupied with thee, and brought unto thy markets, wheat, balm, honey, oil and treacle.
The ships of Tarshish were the chief of thy occupying. Thus thou art full, and in great worship, even in the midst of the sea.
Ephraim keepeth the air, and followeth after the east wind: he is ever increasing lies and destruction. They be confederate with the Assyrians, their oil is carried into Egypt.
Thou Tyre and Sidon and all the borders of the Philistines: what have ye to do with me? Will ye defy me? Well, if ye will needs defy me, I shall recompense you, even upon your head, and that right shortly: for ye have taken away my silver and gold, my fair and goodly jewels, and brought them into your gods' houses. read more. The children also of Judah and Jerusalem have ye sold unto the Greeks, that ye might bring them the far from the borders of their own countries. Behold, therefore, I will raise them out of the place, where ye have sold them, and will reward you even upon your head.
So their next kinfolks and the dead buriers shall take them, and carry away their bones, and say unto him that is in the innermore house, 'Is there yet any more by thee?' And he shall answer, 'They are all gone. Hold thy tongue,' shall he say. For they would not remember the name of the LORD.
If they go away before their enemies into captivity, then shall I command the sword there to slay them. Thus will I set mine eyes upon them, for their harm and not for their wealth. For when the LORD God of hosts toucheth a land, it consumeth away, and all they that dwell therein, must needs mourn: And why? Their destruction shall arise as every stream and run over them, as the flood in Egypt. read more. He that hath his dwelling in Heaven, and groundeth his tabernacle in the earth; He that calleth the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the plain ground; his name is the LORD. O ye children of Israel, are ye not unto me, even as the Ethiopian?" sayeth the LORD, "Have not I brought Israel out of the land of Egypt, the Philistines from Caphthor, and the Syrians from Kir? Behold, the eyes of the LORD are upon the realm that sinneth, to root it clean out of the earth: Nevertheless I will not utterly destroy the house of Jacob, sayeth the LORD.
And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that bought and sold in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves.
But they made light of it, and went their ways: one to his firm place, another about his merchandise:
Thou oughtest therefore to have had my money to the changers, and then at my coming should I have received my mine own with vantage.