Reference: Cattle
Easton
abounded in the Holy Land. To the rearing and management of them the inhabitants chiefly devoted themselves (De 8:13; 12:21; 1Sa 11:5; 12:3; Ps 144:14; Jer 3:24). They may be classified as,
(1.) Neat cattle. Many hundreds of these were yearly consumed in sacrifices or used for food. The finest herds were found in Bashan, beyond Jordan (Nu 32:4). Large herds also pastured on the wide fertile plains of Sharon. They were yoked to the plough (1Ki 19:19), and were employed for carrying burdens (1Ch 12:40). They were driven with a pointed rod (Jg 3:31) or goad (q.v.).
According to the Mosaic law, the mouths of cattle employed for the threshing-floor were not to be muzzled, so as to prevent them from eating of the provender over which they trampled (De 25:4). Whosoever stole and sold or slaughtered an ox must give five in satisfaction (Ex 22:1); but if it was found alive in the possession of him who stole it, he was required to make double restitution only (Ex 22:4). If an ox went astray, whoever found it was required to bring it back to its owner (Ex 23:4; De 22:1,4).
(2.) Small cattle. Next to herds of neat cattle, sheep formed the most important of the possessions of the inhabitants of Palestine (Ge 12:16; 13:5; 26:14; 21:27; 29:2-3). They are frequently mentioned among the booty taken in war (Nu 31:32; Jos 6:21; 1Sa 14:32; 15:3). There were many who were owners of large flocks (1Sa 25:2; 2Sa 12:2, comp. Job 1:3). Kings also had shepherds "over their flocks" (1Ch 27:31), from which they derived a large portion of their revenue (2Sa 17:29; 1Ch 12:40). The districts most famous for their flocks of sheep were the plain of Sharon (Isa 65:10), Mount Carmel (Mic 7:14), Bashan and Gilead (Mic 7:14). In patriarchal times the flocks of sheep were sometimes tended by the daughters of the owners. Thus Rachel, the daughter of Laban, kept her father's sheep (Ge 29:9); as also Zipporah and her six sisters had charge of their father Jethro's flocks (Ex 2:16). Sometimes they were kept by hired shepherds (Joh 10:12), and sometimes by the sons of the family (1Sa 16:11; 17:15). The keepers so familiarized their sheep with their voices that they knew them, and followed them at their call. Sheep, but more especially rams and lambs, were frequently offered in sacrifice. The shearing of sheep was a great festive occasion (1Sa 25:4; 2Sa 13:23). They were folded at night, and guarded by their keepers against the attacks of the lion (Mic 5:8), the bear (1Sa 17:34), and the wolf (Mt 10:16; Joh 10:12). They were liable to wander over the wide pastures and go astray (Ps 119:176; Isa 53:6; Ho 4:16; Mt 18:12).
Goats also formed a part of the pastoral wealth of Palestine (Ge 15:9; 32:14; 37:31). They were used both for sacrifice and for food (De 14:4), especially the young males (Ge 27:9,14,17; Jg 6:19; 13:15; 1Sa 16:20). Goat's hair was used for making tent cloth (Ex 26:7; 36:14), and for mattresses and bedding (1Sa 19:13,16). (See Goat.)
See Verses Found in Dictionary
He treated Abram well for her sake. Abram acquired sheep and cattle, male and female donkeys, menservants and maidservants, and camels.
Lot moved about with Abram. He also had flocks and herds and tents.
He (God) said to him: Bring me a heifer three years old, a female goat three years old, a ram three years old, a turtledove, and a young pigeon.
Abraham took sheep and oxen and gave them to Abimelech. The two of them made a covenant.
He possessed flocks and herds and a great household. The Philistines envied him.
Go to the flock and pick out two fat young goats. I will cook them and make some of that food your father likes so much.
So Jacob brought the meat to his mother. And she cooked the tasty food that his father liked.
She gave her son Jacob the good-tasting meal and the bread she had prepared.
Suddenly he came upon a well out in the fields. There were three flocks of sheep lying around it. The flocks were watered from this well. It had a large stone over the opening. When all the flocks came together there, the shepherds would roll the stone back and water them. Then they would put the stone back in place.
While he was still speaking with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep, for she was a shepherdess.
There were two hundred female goats and twenty male goats, two hundred female sheep and twenty male sheep,
Then they killed a goat and dipped Joseph's robe in its blood.
The priest of Midian had seven daughters. They came to draw water and filled the troughs to water their father's flock.
A man steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it. He must pay five oxen for the ox and four sheep for the sheep.
If the stolen animal is found alive in his possession, whether it is a bull, donkey, or a sheep, he must make up for the loss with double the amount.
If you see your enemy's cow or donkey running loose, take it back to him.
Make eleven curtains of goats' hair to form an outer tent over the inner tent.
Eleven curtains were made of goats' hair to form an outer tent over the inner tent.
The booty that remained from the spoil the men of war had plundered was six hundred and seventy-five thousand sheep,
the land Jehovah won for the congregation of Israel, is a good place for livestock. Gentlemen, we have livestock.
Your herds and flocks, silver and gold, and all that you have will increase.
If the place Jehovah your God chooses to put his name is too far away from you, you may slaughter an animal from the herds or flocks that Jehovah has given you. Eat as much as you want in your city. I have commanded you to do this.
These are the animals you may eat: the ox, the sheep, the goat,
If your brother's bull or sheep stray do not ignore them. Bring them back to your brother.
You should not see your brothers donkey or his bull fallen down on the way, and pay no attention to them. Help him lift it to its feet.
Do not muzzle the bull while he is threshing.
They utterly destroyed all that was in the city, both man and woman, young and old, and ox, and sheep, and ass, with the edge of the sword.
The next leader was Shamgar son of Anath. He too rescued Israel, and did so by killing six hundred Philistines with an oxgoad.
So Gideon went into his house and cooked a young goat and used a bushel of flour to make bread without any yeast. He put the meat in a basket and the broth in a pot, brought them to Jehovah's angel under the oak tree, and gave them to him.
Not knowing that it was Jehovah's angel, Manoah said: Please do not go yet. Let us cook a young goat for you.
Are these all the sons you have? Samuel asked. There is still the youngest one, Jesse answered. He is tending sheep. Samuel responded: Send someone to get him. We will not continue until he gets here.
David went back and forth from Saul's camp to Bethlehem, where he tended his father's flock.
David replied to Saul: I am a shepherd for my father's sheep. When a lion or a bear comes and carries off a sheep from the flock,
Then Michal took some idols, laid them in the bed, put a goat-hair blanket at its head, and covered the idols with a garment.
The messengers entered. There, on the bed was the household idol with the quilt of goats' hair at its head.
There was a man in Maon whose business was in Carmel. He was a very rich man. He had three thousand sheep and one thousand goats. He sheared his sheep in Carmel.
Also honey, yogurt, sheep, and cheese. They brought food for David and the others because they knew that everyone would be hungry, tired, and thirsty from being out in the desert.
Elijah left there and found Elisha plowing with a team of bulls. There were eleven teams ahead of him. He was plowing with the last one. Elijah took off his cloak and put it on Elisha.
People from as far away as Issachar, Zebulun, and Naphtali brought food on donkeys, camels, mules, and oxen. Vast supplies of flour, fig cakes, raisins, wine; olive oil, cattle, and sheep were brought to the celebration. There was great joy throughout the land of Israel
He owned seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, one thousand head of cattle, and five hundred donkeys. He also had a large number of servants. In fact he was the greatest (richest) of all the Orientals in the East!
Deal bountifully with your servant that I may live and keep your word.
Let our cattle bear without mishap and without loss. Let there be no outcry in our streets!
We are all like sheep. We have gone astray! Each of us has turned to his own way. Jehovah has caused the iniquity (sin) of all of us to be laid on him.
Sharon will be pasture for flocks, and the Valley of Achor a resting place for herds, for my people who seek me.
Ever since we were young, the shameful worship of Baal has taken everything our ancestors worked for, their flocks and herds, their sons and daughters.
For Israel behaved stubbornly like a stubborn heifer. Will Jehovah now feed them as a lamb in a large place.
The remnant of Jacob will be among the nations, in the midst of many peoples. It will be like a lion among the beasts of the forest. Should he go through he will be like a young lion among the flocks of sheep. He treads down and tears to pieces. There is none to rescue.
Shepherd your people, the flock of your heritage, with your staff. They dwell alone in the forest in the midst of Carmel. Let them feed in Bashan and Gilead, as in the days of old.
Shepherd your people, the flock of your heritage, with your staff. They dwell alone in the forest in the midst of Carmel. Let them feed in Bashan and Gilead, as in the days of old.
I send you as sheep in the midst of wolves. Be wise as serpents and harmless as doves.
What do you think? A man has a hundred sheep, and one of them has gone wandering away. Will he leave the ninety-nine and go in search of the wandering one?
The hired man owns no sheep. He is not the shepherd. He sees the wolf coming and abandons the sheep. The wolf snatches them, and scatters them.
The hired man owns no sheep. He is not the shepherd. He sees the wolf coming and abandons the sheep. The wolf snatches them, and scatters them.
Hastings
The word commonly used in OT is miqneh, meaning primarily possessions or wealth
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The following year they said to him: We will not hide the fact from you, Sir, that our money is all gone and our livestock belongs to you. There is nothing left to give you except our bodies and our lands.
Jehovah will bring a terrible plague on your livestock, including your horses, donkeys, camels, cattle, sheep, and goats.
He owned seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, one thousand head of cattle, and five hundred donkeys. He also had a large number of servants. In fact he was the greatest (richest) of all the Orientals in the East!
He gave their crops to grasshoppers and their produce to locusts.
I acquired male and female servants, and they gave birth to sons and daughters in my house. I had great wealth of herds and flocks, more than all who were in Jerusalem before me.
Morish
Various Hebrew words are used in reference to the cow and the ox as 'cattle.' The word miqneh, however, often used for 'cattle,' signifies 'possession,' because the principal property of nomadic tribes consisted of their cattle: the word includes also sheep and goats, but not horses and asses. Ex 9:3-21, etc. Another word, tson, signifies small cattle, that is, sheep and goats. Ge 30:39-43; 31:8-43; Ec 2:7. seh has the same meaning, Ge 30:32; Eze 34:17-22: in Isa 7:25 it is translated 'lesser cattle,' and in Isa 43:23 'small cattle.'
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Let me go through all of your flocks today and take every speckled and spotted sheep, every black lamb, and every spotted and speckled goat. They will be my wages.
So when the goats bred in front of the branches, they produced young that were streaked, speckled, and spotted. Jacob kept the sheep separate from the goats and made them face in the direction of the streaked and black animals of Laban's flock. In this way he built up his own flock and kept it apart from Laban's. read more. When the strongest of the flock were mating, Jacob would place the rods in the sight of the flock in the gutters, so that they might mate by the rods. When the flock was feeble, he did not put them in. That way the feebler were Laban's and the stronger Jacob's. He became exceedingly prosperous, and had large flocks and female and male servants and camels and donkeys.
When Laban said, 'The speckled goats shall be your wages,' all the flocks produced speckled young. When he said, 'The striped goats shall be your wages,' all the flocks produced striped young. This way God has taken sheep and goats from your father and given them to me. read more. Once, when the flocks were mating, I dreamed that all the rams were either spotted or speckled. Then the angel of God said to me in the dream, 'Jacob.' I said, here I am. He said, 'Look up and see, now (please), that all the male goats that are mating are striped, speckled, or spotted, because I have seen everything that Laban is doing to you. I am the God of Bethel. That is where you anointed a pillar and made a vow to me. Arise and leave this land. Return to the land of your birth.' Rachel and Leah asked: Do we still have any portion or inheritance in our father's house? Are we not accounted as foreigners by him? He sold us and also utterly consumed the price paid for us. For all the riches that God took away from our father belong to us and to our children. Do what God told you to do. Then Jacob put his children and his wives on camels. He drove all his livestock ahead of him. He took all the possessions that he had accumulated. He took his own livestock that he had accumulated in Paddan-aram and went back to his father Isaac in Canaan. When Laban went to shear his sheep, Rachel stole her father's household idols. Jacob also tricked Laban the Aramean by not telling him he was leaving. He left in a hurry with all that belonged to him. He crossed the Euphrates River and went toward the mountains of Gilead. Three days after he left, Laban was told that Jacob had fled. Laban took his men with him and pursued Jacob for seven days until he caught up with him in the hill country of Gilead. In a dream that night God came to Laban. God said: Be careful not to threaten Jacob in any way. Jacob camped on a mountain. So when Laban caught up with Jacob as he was camped in the hill country of Gilead, he set up his camp not far from Jacod's. Laban said to Jacob: Why did you deceive me and carry off my daughters like women captured in war? Why did you deceive me and slip away without telling me? If you had told me, I would have sent you on your way with rejoicing and singing to the music of tambourines and harps. You did not even let me give a kiss to my sons and my daughters. This was a foolish thing you did. It is in my power to do you harm. But the God of your father came to me this night. He said, 'Take care that you say nothing good or bad to Jacob.' It appears that you are going because your heart's desire is for your father's house. But why have you taken my gods? Jacob answered Laban: I was afraid you might take your daughters from me by force. As for your gods, if anyone of us has them, let him be put to death. Make a search in front of us all for what is yours, and take it. Jacob had no knowledge that Rachel had taken them. So Laban went into Jacob's tent and into Leah's tent, and into the tents of the two servant-women, but they were not there. He left Leah's tent and went into Rachel's. Rachel took the images. She put them in the camels' basket and was seated on them. Laban searched through the tent and did not find them. Rachel said to her father: Do not be angry, Father, but I cannot get up to greet you. I am having my period. So even though Laban had made a thorough search, he did not find the idols. Jacob lost his temper. What crime have I committed? he asked angrily. What law have I broken that gives you the right to hunt me down? Now that you have searched through all my belongings, what household article have you found that belongs to you? Put it out here where your men and mine can see it. Let them decide which one of us is right. I have been with you now for twenty years. Your sheep and your goats have not failed to reproduce. I have not even eaten any rams from your flocks. I always absorbed the loss when wild animals killed a sheep. I did not take it to you to show that it was not my fault. You demanded that I make good anything that was stolen during the day or during the night. Many times I suffered from the heat during the day and from the cold at night. I was not able to sleep. I have been in your house twenty years! I was your servant for fourteen years because of your daughters. I kept your flock for six years. You changed my wages ten times. If the God of my father, the God of Abraham, out of respect for Isaac, had not been with me, you would have sent me away empty-handed by now. God has seen my misery and hard work. Last night he made it right! Then Laban answered Jacob: These are my daughters, my grandchildren, and my flocks. Everything you see is mine! Yet, what can I do today for my daughters or for their children?
Jehovah will bring a terrible plague on your livestock, including your horses, donkeys, camels, cattle, sheep, and goats. Jehovah will distinguish between Israel's livestock and the livestock of the Egyptians. The animals belonging to the Israelites will not die.' read more. Jehovah set a definite time: I, Jehovah, choose tomorrow as the time when I will do this. The next day Jehovah did as he had said. The Egyptian's animals all died. Not one of the animals of the Israelites died. The king asked what had happened. He was told that none of the animals of the Israelites had died. He was stubborn and would not let the people go. Then Jehovah said to Moses and Aaron: Take a few handfuls of ashes from a furnace. Moses is to throw them into the air in front of the king. They will spread out like fine dust over all the land of Egypt. They will produce boils that become open sores on the people and the animals. They got some ashes and stood before the king. Moses threw them into the air. They produced boils that became open sores on the people and the animals. The magicians were not able to appear before Moses, because they were covered with boils, like all the other Egyptians. Jehovah hardened the heart of Pharaoh and he did not listen to Moses and Aaron. Everything happened just as Jehovah had told Moses. Jehovah told Moses to get up early the next morning and say to the king: God of the Hebrews commands you to let his people go, so they can serve him! If you do not, he will send his worst plagues to strike you, your officials, and everyone else in your country. Then you will find out that no one can oppose Jehovah. He could already have sent a terrible disease and wiped you from the face of the earth. I have allowed you to remain, in order to show you my power and in order to proclaim my name through all the earth. Still you exalt yourself against my people by not letting them go. At this time tomorrow, I will send a very heavy hail, such as has not been seen in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. Bring your livestock and whatever you have in the field to safety. Every man and beast that is found in the field and is not brought home will die from the hail. The ones among the servants of Pharaoh who respected the word of Jehovah made his servants and his livestock flee into the houses. He who paid no regard to the word of Jehovah left his servants and his livestock in the field.
I acquired male and female servants, and they gave birth to sons and daughters in my house. I had great wealth of herds and flocks, more than all who were in Jerusalem before me.
All the hills where crops were once planted will be so overgrown with thorns that no one will go there. It will be a place where cattle and sheep graze.
You did not bring me sheep for your burnt offerings or honor me with your sacrifices. I did not burden you by requiring grain offerings or trouble you by requiring incense offerings.
As for you, my sheep, this is what the Lord Jehovah says: I will judge disputes between one sheep and another, between rams and male goats. Is it not enough for you to feed on the good pasture? Must you trample the rest of the pasture with your feet? You drink clean water. Must you muddy the rest of the water with your feet? read more. Must my sheep eat what your feet have trampled and drink what your feet have muddied? This is what the Lord Jehovah says to them: I will judge disputes between the fat sheep and the skinny sheep. You fat sheep push the skinny sheep with your sides and shoulders. You knock down all the sick sheep with your horns. You have scattered them all over. So I will rescue my sheep, and they will no longer be prey. I will judge between one sheep and another.
Smith
Cattle.
[BULL].
See Bull, Bullock