Reference: Crimes And Punishments
Hastings
The term 'crimes' is here used loosely in the sense of punishable offences, including not merely crimes (crimina) in the sense of breaches of the criminal law in the modern sense, and torts (delicta) or breaches of the civil law, but also those offences in the sphere of religion and worship to which definite penalties were attached. Within the limits of this article it is possible to present only a summary of the more important and typical punishable offences recognized in the various Hebrew law-codes. The latter, indicated by the usual symbols, are: (1) BC, the oldest code, known as the Book of the Covenant, Ex 20:22 to Ex 23:33, with which for convenience sake is joined the Decalogue of Ex 20:2-17; (2) Deuteronomist, the Deuteronomic Code, De 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; (3) Law of Holiness, the Holiness Code, Le 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; and (4) Priestly Narrative, the great collection of laws known as the Priests' Code, and comprising the rest of the legislative material of the Pentateuch. In the case of Priestly Narrative alone will it be necessary to name the books (Ex., Lv., or Nu.) to which reference is made.
The penal offences of the Pentateuch may be conveniently grouped under the three heads of crimes against Jahweh, against society (including property), and against the individual.
1. A. Crimes against Jahweh, or offences in the sphere of religion and worship.
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Whoever sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed. For in the image of God he made man.
And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter-in-law has played the harlot, and moreover, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be bur
I am LORD thy God, who brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shall have no other gods before me. read more. Thou shall not make to thee a graven image, nor any likeness [of anything] that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shall not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them, for I, LORD thy God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, upon the third and upon the fourth generation of those who hate me, and showing loving kindness to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments. Thou shall not take the name of LORD thy God in vain, for LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days thou shall labor, and do all thy work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to LORD thy God. Thou shall not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates, for in six days LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore LORD blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it. Honor thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long in the land which LORD thy God gives thee. Thou shall not murder. Thou shall not commit adultery. Thou shall not steal. Thou shall not bear FALSE witness against thy neighbor. Thou shall not covet thy neighbor's house. Thou shall not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is thy neighbor's.
And LORD said to Moses, Thus thou shall say to the sons of Israel, Ye yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven.
They shall not dwell in thy land, lest they make thee sin against me, for if thou serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to thee.
Upon the flesh of man it shall not be poured, neither shall ye make any like it, according to the composition of it. It is holy, [and] it shall be holy to you.
Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, holy to LORD. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death.
But the man who is clean, and is not on a journey, and forbears to keep the Passover, that soul shall be cut off from his people, because he did not offer the oblation of LORD in its appointed season; that man shall bear his sin.
And while the sons of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks upon the Sabbath day.
And Balaam said to Balak, Build for me here seven altars, and prepare for me here seven bullocks and seven rams.
And lest thou lift up thine eyes to heaven, and when thou see the sun and the moon and the stars, even all the host of heaven, thou be drawn away and worship them, and serve them, which LORD thy God has allotted to all the peoples
If thou shall hear tell concerning one of thy cities, which LORD thy God gives thee to dwell there, saying,
thou shall surely smite the inhabitants of that city with the edge of the sword, destroying it utterly, and all that is in it, and the cattle in it, with the edge of the sword. And thou shall gather all the spoil of it into the midst of the street of it, and shall burn the city with fire, and all the spoil of it, every whit, to LORD thy God, and it shall be a heap forever. It shall not be built again. read more. And nothing of the devoted thing shall cling to thy hand, that LORD may turn from the fierceness of his anger, and show thee mercy, and have compassion upon thee, and multiply thee, as he has sworn to thy fathers,
and has gone and served other gods, and worshipped them, or the sun, or the moon, or any of the host of heaven, which I have not commanded,
then thou shall bring forth that man or that woman, who has done this evil thing, to thy gates, even the man or the woman, and thou shall stone them to death with stones.
The hand of the witnesses shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people. So thou shall put away the evil from the midst of thee.
And if a Levite comes from any of thy gates out of all Israel, where he sojourns, and comes with all the desire of his soul to the place which LORD shall choose, then he shall minister in the name of LORD his God, as all his brothers the Levites do who stand there before LORD. read more. They shall have like portions to eat, besides that which comes of the sale of his patrimony. When thou have come into the land, which LORD thy God gives thee, thou shall not learn to do according to the abominations of those nations. There shall not be found with thee anyone who makes his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, a psychic, he who practices augury, or an enchanter, or a sorcerer, or a charmer, or a medium, or a spiritist, or a necromancer. For whoever does these things is an abomination to LORD. And because of these abominations LORD thy God drives them out from before thee. Thou shall be perfect with LORD thy God. For these nations, that thou shall dispossess, hearken to those who practice augury, and to psychics. But as for thee, LORD thy God has not allowed thee to do so. LORD thy God will raise up for thee a prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brothers, like me. Ye shall hearken to him according to all that thou desired of LORD thy God in Horeb in the day of the assembly, saying, Let me not hear again the voice of LORD my God, neither let me see this great fire any more, that I not die. And LORD said to me, They have well said that which they have spoken. I will raise up a prophet for them from among their brothers, like thee. And I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I shall command him.
When a prophet speaks in the name of LORD, if the thing does not follow, nor come to pass, that is the thing which LORD has not spoken. The prophet has spoken it presumptuously. Thou shall not be afraid of him.
But if any man hates his neighbor, and lies in wait for him, and rises up against him, and smites him mortally so that he dies, and he flees into one of these cities,
One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sins. At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall a matter be established.
When thou draw near to a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace to it. And it shall be, if it makes to thee an answer of peace, and opens to thee, then it shall be, that all the people that are found in it shall become tributary to thee, and shall serve thee.
And when LORD thy God delivers it into thy hand, thou shall smite every male of it with the edge of the sword, but the women, and the little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all the spoil of it, thou shall take for a prey to thyself. And thou shall eat the spoil of thine enemies, which LORD thy God has given thee. read more. Thus thou shall do to all the cities which are very far off from thee, which are not of the cities of these nations.
Only the trees of which thou know that they are not trees for food, thou shall destroy and cut them down. And thou shall build bulwarks against the city that makes war with thee, until it falls.
So shall thou put away the innocent blood from the midst of thee when thou shall do that which is right in the eyes of LORD.
And if a man has committed a sin worthy of death, and he be put to death, and thou hang him on a tree,
And the damsel's father shall say to the elders, I gave my daughter to this man to wife, and he dislikes her.
And the elders of that city shall take the man and chastise him, and they shall fine him a hundred [shekels] of silver, and give them to the father of the damsel, because he has brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel, and she shall be his wife. He may not put her away all his days.
and they shall fine him a hundred [shekels] of silver, and give them to the father of the damsel, because he has brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel, and she shall be his wife. He may not put her away all his days.
and they shall fine him a hundred [shekels] of silver, and give them to the father of the damsel, because he has brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel, and she shall be his wife. He may not put her away all his days. But if this thing be true, that the tokens of virginity were not found in the damsel,
But if this thing be true, that the tokens of virginity were not found in the damsel, then they shall bring the damsel out to the door of her father's house, and the men of her city shall stone her to death with stones, because she has wrought folly in Israel, to play the harlot in her father's house. So shall thou
then they shall bring the damsel out to the door of her father's house, and the men of her city shall stone her to death with stones, because she has wrought folly in Israel, to play the harlot in her father's house. So shall thou If a man be found laying with a woman married to a husband, then they shall both of them die, the man that lay with the woman, and the woman. So shall thou put away the evil from Israel.
But if the man finds the damsel who is betrothed in the field, and the man forces her, and lays with her, then only the man who lay with her shall die,
then the man who lay with her shall give to the damsel's father fifty [shekels] of silver, and she shall be his wife, because he has humbled her. He may not put her away all his days.
then the man who lay with her shall give to the damsel's father fifty [shekels] of silver, and she shall be his wife, because he has humbled her. He may not put her away all his days.
There shall be no prostitute of the daughters of Israel, neither shall there be a sodomite of the sons of Israel.
Thou shall surely restore to him the pledge when the sun goes down, that he may sleep in his garment, and bless thee. And it shall be righteousness to thee before LORD thy God.
Thou shall not distort the justice [due] to the sojourner, [or] to the fatherless, nor take the widow's raiment to pledge,
If there be a controversy between men, and they come to judgment, and [they] judge them, then they shall justify the righteous, and condemn the iniquitous.
When men strive together one with another, and the wife of the one draws near to deliver her husband out of the hand of him who smites him, and puts forth her hand, and takes him by the privates,
A perfect and just weight thou shall have, a perfect and just measure thou shall have, that thy days may be long in the land which LORD thy God gives thee.
Cursed be the man who makes a graven or molten image, an abomination to LORD, the work of the hands of the craftsman, and sets it up in secret. And all the people shall answer and say, Amen.
And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his donkey, and arose, and got home to his city, and set his house in order, and hanged himself. And he died, and was buried in the sepulcher of his father.
And whoever will not do the law of thy God, and the law of the king, let judgment be executed upon him with all diligence, whether it be to death, or to banishment, or to confiscation of goods, or to imprisonment.
And whoever will not do the law of thy God, and the law of the king, let judgment be executed upon him with all diligence, whether it be to death, or to banishment, or to confiscation of goods, or to imprisonment.
Then Pashhur smote Jeremiah the prophet, and put him in the stocks that were in the upper gate of Benjamin, which was in the house of LORD.
And having sent, he beheaded John in the prison.
And having cast down the silver pieces in the temple, he departed, and after going away, he hanged himself.
And when they continued asking him, after standing erect, he said to them, Let the innocent man of you first cast the stone at her.
And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
who, having received such an order, threw them into the inner prison, and fastened their feet in the stocks.
From the Jews five times I received forty save one.
And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them. And judgment was given to them and the souls of those who were beheaded because of the testimony of Jesus, and because of the word of God, and who did not worship the beast nor his image,