Reference: Eucharist
Hastings
This is the earliest title for the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ. It is found in Ignatius and the Didache, and is based upon the eucharistia or giving of thanks with which our Lord set apart the bread and wine at the Last Supper as memorials of Himself (Mt 26:27; Lu 22:17,19; 1Co 11:24). The name Lord's Supper, though legitimately derived from 1Co 11:20, is not there applied to the sacrament itself, but to the Love-feast or Agape, a meal commemorating the Last Supper, and not yet separated from the Eucharist when St. Paul wrote. The irregularities rebuked by the Apostle (1Co 11:21,29) are such as could only have accompanied the wider celebration, and doubtless contributed to the speedy separation of the essential rite from the unnecessary accessories. The title Communion comes from 1Co 10:16, where, however, the word is a predicate not used technically. The breaking of (the) bread (Ac 2:42,46) probably refers to the Eucharist (cf. Ac 20:7; Lu 24:35?), but until modern times does not seem to have been adopted as a title.
1. The institution is recorded by each of the Synoptic Gospels, but not by St. John. A fourth account appears in 1 Corinthians.
As they were eating, he took bread, and when he had blessed, he brake it, and gave to them, and said. Take ye: this is my body. And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave to them: and they all drank of it. And he said unto them, This is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many. Verily I say unto you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.
As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it; and he gave to the disciples, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. And he took a cup, and gave thanks, and gave to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; for this is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many unto remission of sins. But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
Lu 22:14-20.
When the hour was come, he sat down, and the apostles with him. And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer: for I say unto you, I will not eat it, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. And he received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves: for I say unto you, I will not drink from henceforth of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come. And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and gave to them, saying, This is my body [which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. And the cup in like manner after supper, saying. This cup is the new covenant in my blood, even that which is poured out for you].
I received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, how that the Lord Jesus in the night in which he was betrayed took bread; and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said. This is my body, which is for you: this do in remembrance of me. In like manner also the cup, after supper, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood: this do, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.
A comparison shows variations of minor importance between Mark and Matthew. But the most remarkable differences are those of Luke, which mentions what is apparently a second cup. It seems scarcely credible that at a supreme moment, like that in which a sacred rite was being established, our Lord should have created the possibility of confusion by solemnly delivering two of the Paschal cups, dividing between them the words which, according to the other Synoptics, belong, as it would seem appropriately, to one. Nor, if He were about to ballow a succeeding cup as Eucharistic, is it likely that He would have spoken of the fulfilment of the Paschal wine in relation to another (Lu 22:17). In spite, therefore, of the fact that the majority of MSS and Versions favour its inclusion, Westcott and Hort are probably right in regarding the passage inclosed in brackets above as an interpolation. With this omitted, the narrative is assimilated to the other Synoptics. The inversion of bread and cup, which now becomes apparent and which probably belongs not to Luke but to his source, is perhaps due to the fact that the writer, dwelling on the Lord's intention that the Passover should be fulfilled in a Messianic rite, records at the opening of his narrative a declaration similar to that which Matthew and Mark assign to a later stage, the delivery of the cup (Mt 26:29; Mr 14:25). These words, though referring more particularly to the Eucharistic bread, yet, as extending to the whole meal ('this passover'), require no mention of the action that would accompany them; whereas the companion statement concerning the fruit of the vine (Lu 22:18) necessitates the mention of the cup (Lu 22:17). The first half of Lu 22:19 (the consecration of the bread), which, if the account were symmetrical, would appear (as arranged in Rush-brooke's Synopticon) before Lu 22:15, is then added to complete the institution. A copyist, assuming a part of the narrative to be wanting, would then introduce, probably from a contemporary liturgical formula, the second half of Lu 22:19 and Lu 22:20, which bear a striking resemblance to the Pauline account, of which Luke is otherwise independent. A similar inversion is found in the sub-Apostolic Teaching of the Apostles.
2. From the Synoptic record the following inferences may be drawn: (1) The words of institution cannot themselves determine the meaning of the rite. Luke (unless v. 20 be genuine) omits 'This is my blood of the covenant.' [Notice also that the other traditional form varies the phrase
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And, as they were eating, Jesus, taking a loaf and blessing it, broke it, and giving to his disciples, said, "Take, eat, this is My body." And, taking a cup, and offering thanks, He gave to the disciples, saying, "Drink of it, all ye;
And, taking a cup, and offering thanks, He gave to the disciples, saying, "Drink of it, all ye; for this is My blood of the covenant, which is shed in behalf of many for remission of sins.
for this is My blood of the covenant, which is shed in behalf of many for remission of sins. And I say to you, I will not drink henceforth of this product of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in the Kingdom of My Father."
And I say to you, I will not drink henceforth of this product of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in the Kingdom of My Father."
And He appointed twelve [whom He also named apostles], that they might be with Him, and that He might send them forth to preach,
And, evening coming on, He cometh with the twelve.
And, as they were eating, having taken bread and blessed it, He broke, and gave to them, and said, "Take ye; this is My body." And taking a cup, and blessing it, He gave it to them; and they all drank of it. read more. And He said to them, "This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out in behalf of many. Verily I say to you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new in the Kingdom of God."
Verily I say to you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new in the Kingdom of God."
And, when the hour came, He reclined at table, and His apostles with Him. And He said to them, "With desire I desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer:
And He said to them, "With desire I desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer:
And He said to them, "With desire I desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer: for I say to you, I will in no wise eat it, until it be fulfilled in the Kingdom of God." read more. And, having taken a cup, and giving thanks, He said, "Take this, and share it among yourselves;
And, having taken a cup, and giving thanks, He said, "Take this, and share it among yourselves;
And, having taken a cup, and giving thanks, He said, "Take this, and share it among yourselves;
And, having taken a cup, and giving thanks, He said, "Take this, and share it among yourselves; for I say to you, that I will in no wise drink, henceforth, of the product of the vine, until the Kingdom of God shall come."
for I say to you, that I will in no wise drink, henceforth, of the product of the vine, until the Kingdom of God shall come." And, taking bread, and giving thanks, He broke, and gave to them, saying, "This is My body, which is given for you; this do in remembrance of Me."
And, taking bread, and giving thanks, He broke, and gave to them, saying, "This is My body, which is given for you; this do in remembrance of Me."
And, taking bread, and giving thanks, He broke, and gave to them, saying, "This is My body, which is given for you; this do in remembrance of Me."
And, taking bread, and giving thanks, He broke, and gave to them, saying, "This is My body, which is given for you; this do in remembrance of Me." And the cup, in like manner, after supper, saying "this cup is the new covenant in My blood, which, in your behalf, is being poured out.
And the cup, in like manner, after supper, saying "this cup is the new covenant in My blood, which, in your behalf, is being poured out. But, behold, the hand of him who is betraying Me is with Me on the table;
And there arose also a contention among them as to which of them seemed to be greatest. But He said to them, "The kings of the gentiles exercise lordship over them; and those having authority over them are called 'Benefactors.' read more. But ye are not so; but let the greater among you become as the younger, and he who leads as he who serves. For who is greater, he who reclines at table, or he who serves? Is not he who reclines? But I am in the midst of you as One Who serveth. But ye are they who have remained with Me in my temptations; and I appoint to you, as My Father appointed to Me, a Kingdom, that ye may eat and drink at My table in My Kingdom; and ye shall sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. "Simon, Simon, behold, Satan asked for you, to sift you as the wheat; but I prayed for you, that your faith fail not; and, when once you have turned again, establish your brethren." And he said to Him, "Lord, I am ready to go with Thee, both to prison and to death." And He said, "I tell you, Peter, a cock will not crow to-day, until you thrice deny that you know Me."
And they were narrating the things that transpired in the way, and how He was made known to them in the breaking of the bread.
The Jews, therefore, were wrangling with one another, saying, "How can This Man give us His flesh to eat?" Jesus, therefore, said to them, "Verily, verily, I say to you, unless ye eat the flesh of the Son of Man, and drink His blood, ye have no life in yourselves. read more. He that eats My flesh, and drinks My blood, has eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day; for My flesh is true food, and My blood is true drink. He that eats My flesh, and drinks My blood, abides in Me, and I in him. As the Living Father sent Me, and I live because of the Father; so he, also, who eats Me, shall live because of Me. This is the Bread That came down out of Heaven. Not as the fathers ate, and died: he that eats this Bread shall live forever."
It is the Spirit That giveth life; the flesh profits nothing: the words which I have spoken to you are spirit, and they are life.
For these things came to pass, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, "A bone of Him shall not be broken."
For these things came to pass, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, "A bone of Him shall not be broken."
and they were constantly attending the teaching of the apostles and the fellowship, and the breaking of bread, and the prayers.
And they, continuing daily with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread at their homes, were partaking of food in gladness and singleness of heart;
And on the first day of the sabbaths, we having come together to break bread, Paul was discoursing to them (being about to depart on the morrow), and continued the discourse until midnight.
Purge out the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, even as ye are unleavened. For our passover was sacrificed, even, Christ;
Even so did the Lord ordain, that those who proclaim the Gospel should live by the Gospel.
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a partaking of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a partaking of the body of Christ?
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a partaking of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a partaking of the body of Christ?
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a partaking of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a partaking of the body of Christ?
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a partaking of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a partaking of the body of Christ? because we, the many, are one bread, one body; for we all partake of the one bread. read more. Behold Israel according to the flesh: are not those who eat the sacrifices partakers of the altar?
Nay, but I say that the things which the gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons, and not to God; and I do not wish you to become partakers with the demons. Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons; ye cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons.
Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons; ye cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons.
But, in giving this charge, I praise you not; because, not for the better, but for the worse, do ye come together. For, first, when ye come together in an assembly, I hear that divisions exist among you; and I partly believe it; read more. for there must also be factions among you, that the approved may be made manifest among you. When, therefore, ye assemble yourselves together, it is not to eat a Supper of the Lord;
When, therefore, ye assemble yourselves together, it is not to eat a Supper of the Lord; for, in your eating, each one takes his own supper before others; and one is hungry, and another is drunken!
for, in your eating, each one takes his own supper before others; and one is hungry, and another is drunken!
for, in your eating, each one takes his own supper before others; and one is hungry, and another is drunken! What! have ye not houses to eat and to drink in? Or despise ye the assembly of God, and put to shame those who have them not? What shall I say to you? Shall I praise you? In this I praise you not.
What! have ye not houses to eat and to drink in? Or despise ye the assembly of God, and put to shame those who have them not? What shall I say to you? Shall I praise you? In this I praise you not. For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you: that the Lord Jesus, in the same night in which He was being betrayed, took bread;
For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you: that the Lord Jesus, in the same night in which He was being betrayed, took bread; and, having given thanks, He broke it, and said, "This is My body which is for you; this do in remembrance of Me."
and, having given thanks, He broke it, and said, "This is My body which is for you; this do in remembrance of Me."
and, having given thanks, He broke it, and said, "This is My body which is for you; this do in remembrance of Me." In like manner also the cup, after supper, saying "This cup is the New Covenant in My blood; this do, as often as ye drink it, in remembrance of Me:"
In like manner also the cup, after supper, saying "This cup is the New Covenant in My blood; this do, as often as ye drink it, in remembrance of Me:"
In like manner also the cup, after supper, saying "This cup is the New Covenant in My blood; this do, as often as ye drink it, in remembrance of Me:" for, as often as ye eat this bread, and drink the cup, ye proclaim the Lord's death, till He come.
for, as often as ye eat this bread, and drink the cup, ye proclaim the Lord's death, till He come.
for, as often as ye eat this bread, and drink the cup, ye proclaim the Lord's death, till He come.
for, as often as ye eat this bread, and drink the cup, ye proclaim the Lord's death, till He come. Therefore, whosoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of the body, and blood of the Lord.
Therefore, whosoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of the body, and blood of the Lord.
Therefore, whosoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of the body, and blood of the Lord. But let a man prove himself, and so let him eat of the bread, and drink of the cup; read more. for he that eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the body.
for he that eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the body.
for he that eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the body.
for he that eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the body. For this cause, many among you are weak and sick, and not a few sleep. read more. But, if we discerned ourselves, we would not be judged;
But, if we discerned ourselves, we would not be judged; but, being judged, we are chastened by the Lord, that we may not be condemned with the world. read more. Wherefore, my brethren, when ye come together to eat, wait one for another. If any one is hungry, let him eat at home, that ye come not together unto judgment. And the rest I will set in order, when I come.
For I delivered to you, among the first things, that which also I received, that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures;
I marvel that ye are so quickly removing from Him Who called you in the grace of Christ, to a different Gospel, which is not another; only there are some who are troubling you, and wishing to pervert the Gospel of Christ. read more. But even if we or an angel out of Heaven should proclaim a Gospel to you other than that which we delivered to you, let him be accursed! As we have said before, even now also I say again, if any one is delivering a Gospel to you, contrary to that which ye received, let him be accursed.
Now as a main point to the things being spoken, we have such a High Priest, Who sat down on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in Heaven,
in which will we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
For by one offering He hath perfected forever those who are being sanctified.
Having, therefore, brethren, boldness for the entrance into the holy places by the blood of Jesus, which He dedicated for us, a new and living way, through the veil, that is, His flesh; read more. and, having a Great Priest over the house of God; let us approach with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having had our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our body washed with pure water,
and the Living One; and I was dead; and, behold, I am alive forevermore; and I have the keys of death and of Hades.
And I saw, in the midst of the throne and of the four living creatures, and in the midst of the elders, a Lamb standing, as if slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God, sent forth into all the earth.
Morish
See LORD'S SUPPER.
Watsons
EUCHARIST, the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. The word, in its original Greek, ??????????, properly signifies giving thanks; from the hymns and thanksgivings which accompanied that holy service in the primitive church. See LORD'S SUPPER.