Reference: Joel
American
One of the minor prophets, of whom nothing is known beyond the few hints furnished in his brief but valuable prophecy. He lived in the kingdom of Judah, and at a time when the temple and temple-worship still existed, Joe 1:14; 2:1,15,32-3:1. Different authors assign to his prophecy different dates, but the prevailing opinion is that he prophesied in the reign of Uzziah, nearly 800 B. C.
The BOOK of JOEL opens with a most graphic and powerful description of the devastation caused by swarms of divers kinds of locusts, accompanied by a terrible drought. The plague of locusts, one of the most dreadful scourges of the East, (see LOCUSTS,) is highly suggestive of an invasion of hostile legions such as have often ravaged Judea; and many have understood, by the locusts of Joel, the Chaldeans, Persians, Greeks, or Romans. The prophet, however, adheres to his figure, if it be one; depicts the land as stripped of its verdure and parched with drought, summons the stricken people to fasting and penitence, and encourages them by promising the removal of the divine judgments and the return of fertility. While describing this returning plenty and prosperity, the prophet casts his view forward on a future still more remote, and predicts the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and the signs and wonders and spiritual prosperity of the Messiah's reign, Joe 2:28. This passage is quoted by the apostle Peter in Ac 2:16. The style of Joel is exceedingly poetical and elegant; his descriptions are vivid and sublime, and his prophecy ranks among the gems of Hebrew poetry. It is well fitted to cheer the church militant in all ages.
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Hallow ye a fast, Call a solemn assembly, Gather, O elders, all the inhabitants of the land, unto the house of Yahweh your God, - and make ye outcry unto Yahweh.
Blow ye a horn in Zion, sound an alarm in my holy mountain, let all the inhabitants of the land, tremble, - for coming is the day of Yahweh, for it is near! -
Blow ye a horn, in Zion, - hallow a fast, call a solemn assembly:
And it shall come to pass, afterwards, I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh, and your sons and your daughters, shall prophesy, - your old men, shall dream, dreams, your young men, shall see, visions;
But this is that which hath been spoken through the prophet Joel -
Easton
Jehovah is his God. (1.) The oldest of Samuel's two sons appointed by him as judges in Beersheba (1Sa 8:2). (2.) A descendant of Reuben (1Ch 5:4,8). (3.) One of David's famous warriors (1Ch 11:38). (4.) A Levite of the family of Gershom (1Ch 15:7,11). (5.) 1Ch 7:3. (6.) 1Ch 27:20. (7.) The second of the twelve minor prophets. He was the son of Pethuel. His personal history is only known from his book.
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and the name of his firstborn son was, Joel, and the name of his second, Abijah, - they were judges in Beer-sheba.
and Bela, the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, - he, dwelt in Aroer, even as far as Nebo, and Baal-meon;
And, the sons of Uzzi, Izrahiah, - and, the sons of Izrahiah, Michael and Obadiah and Joel, Isshiah - five, chiefs, all of them;
Then called David, for Zadok and for Abiathar, the priests, - and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah and Joel, Shemaiah and Eliel, and Amminadab;
Of the sons of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Azaziah. Of the half tribe of Manasseh, Joel, son of Pedaiah.
Fausets
("Jehovah is God".)
1. Samuel's oldest son (1Sa 8:2; 1Ch 6:28 (read "the firstborn (Joel) and the second (Vashni) Abiah"), 1Ch 6:33; 15:17). Father of Heman the singer. He and his brother Abiah were judges in Beersheba, when their father was too old to go on circuit. Their bribery and perversion of justice occasioned the cry for a monarchy.
2. Joel, a corruption of Shaul (1Ch 6:24,36).
3. Of the twelve minor prophets. Son of Pethuel. The many (Joe 1:14; 2:1,15,22; 3:1-2,6,16-21) references to Judah and Jerusalem and the temple imply that his ministry was in the southern kingdom. "Israel," when mentioned (Joe 3:2), represents the whole twelve tribes. Date. The position of his book in the Hebrew canon between Hosea and Amos implies that he was Hosea's contemporary, slightly preceding Amos who at Tekoa probably heard him, and so under the Spirit reproduces his words (Joe 3:16, compare Am 1:2). The sentiment and language of the three prophets correspond. The freshness of style, the absence of allusion to the great empires Assyria and Babylon, and the mention of Tyre, Sidon, and the Philistines (Joe 3:4) as God's executioners of judgment on Israel, accord with an early date, probably Uzziah's reign or even Joash's reign.
No mention is made of the Syrians who invaded Judah in the close of the reign of Joash of Judah (2Ki 12:17-18; 2Ch 24:23-25), but that was an isolated event and Syria was too far N. to trouble Judah permanently. The mention of "the valley of Jehoshaphat" (Joe 3:12) alludes to Jehoshaphat's victory (2 Chronicles 20), the earnest of Israel's future triumph over the pagan; though occurring long before, it was so great an event as to be ever after a pledge of God's favor to His people. Chap. 1 describes the ravages caused by locusts, a scourge foretold by Moses (De 28:38-39) and by Solomon (1Ki 8:37,46).
The second chapter makes them symbols of foreign foes who would destroy all before them. So Re 9:1-12; Am 7:1-4. Their teeth like those "of lions" (Joe 1:6), their assailing cities (Joe 2:6-9), and a flame of fire being their image (Joe 1:19-20; 2:3,5), and their finally being driven eastward, westward ("the utmost sea," the Mediterranean), and southward ("a land barren," etc.), whereas locusts are carried away by wind in one direction only, all favor the symbolical meaning. They are plainly called "the pagan" (Joe 2:17), "the northern (a quarter from whence locusts do not come) army" (Joe 2:20), "all the nations" (Joe 3:2), "strangers" (Joe 3:17). Their fourfold invasion is to be the last before Jehovah's glorious deliverance (Joe 2:18-20, etc.) in answer to His people's penitent prayer (Joe 2:12-17).
ARRANGEMENT.
I. Joel 1-2:17 the fourfold invasion answering to the four successive world empires, Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, Rome. Each of the four species of locusts in Hebrew letters represents the exact number of years that each empire oppressed, until they had deprived the Jews of all their glory (J. C. Reichardt). Gazare, the first, "the palmerworm," represents the 50 years of Babylon's oppression, from the temple's destruction by Nebuchadnezzar (588 B.C.) to Babylon's overthrow by Cyrus (538 B.C.). Arbeh, the second, "the locust," represents Persia's 208 years' sway over the Jews, from 538 to 330 B.C., when Persia fell before Alexander the Great.
Yelequ, the third, "the cankerworm," represents 140 years of the Graeco-Macedonian oppression, from 330 to 190 B.C., when Antiochus the Jews' great enemy was defeated by the Roman, Lucius Scipio. Chasil, "the caterpillar," the fourth, represents the 108 years of the Romans' oppression, beginning with their minion Herod the Great, an Idumean stranger, 38 B.C., and ending A.D. 70 with the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple. The whole period thus comprises that between the destruction of the first and the second temple; and the calamities which befell the Jews by the four world empires in that period are those precisely which produced the ruin under which they are still groaning, and form the theme of their Kinoth or songs of lamentation. This first portion ends in a call to thorough and universal repentance.
II. Joe 2:18-29. Salvation announced to the repentant people, and restoration of all they lost, and greater blessings added.
III. Joe 2:30-3:21. Destruction of the apostate nations confederate against Israel on the one hand; and Jehovah's dwelling as Israel's God in Zion, and Judah abiding for ever, on the other, so that fountains of blessing from His house shall flow, symbolized by waters, milk, and new wine. References to the law, on which all the prophets lean, occur: Joe 2:13, compare Ex 34:6; 32:14; 2:25, compare Nu 11:29, fulfilled in the pentecostal outpouring of the Spirit in part (Ac 2:16,21; 21:9; Joh 7:39), but awaiting a further fulfillment just before Israel's restoration, when "the Spirit shall be poured upon all flesh" (of which the outpouring on all classes without distinction of race is the earnest: Ac 2:28,38; Ro 10:12-13; Zec 12:10; Joe 2:23). Also Joe 3:19-21, compare De 32:42-43, the locusts, of which it is written "there hath not been ever the like, neither shall be" (Joe 2:2, compare Ex 10:14).
Pusey translates Joe 2:23 ("the former rain moderately") "He hath given you (in His purpose) the Teacher unto righteousness," namely, who" shall bring in everlasting righteousness" (Daniel 9). This translation is favored by the emphasis on et hamoreh, not found in the latter part of the verse where rain is meant; the promise of Christ's coming thus stands first, as the source of "rain" and all other blessings which follow; He is God's gift, "given" as in Isa 55:4. Joel's style is pure, smooth, rhythmical, periodic, and regular in its parallelisms; strong as Micah, tender as Jeremiah, vivid as Nathan, and sublime as Isaiah. Take as a specimen (Joel 2) his graphic picture of the terrible aspect of the locusts, their rapidity, irresistible progress, noisy din, and instinct-taught power of marshaling their forces for devastation.
5. 1Ch 5:4.
6. 1Ch 5:11-12.
7. 1Ch 7:3-4.
8. 1Ch 11:38; in 2Sa 23:36 IGAL.
9. 1Ch 15:7,11-12; 23:8; 26:22.
10. 1Ch 27:20.
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so then, God looked upon the sons of Israel, - and God regarded.
And the locust came up over all the land of Egypt, and settled in all the bounds of Egypt, - very grievous, before it, had not been such a locust as that, neither after it, should be one like it.
So then Yahweh was grieved, - over the calamity - which he had spoken of inflicting on his people.
So Yahweh passed before him, and proclaimed, - Yahweh, Yahweh, A God of compassion and favour, - Slow to anger and abundant in lovingkindness and faithfulness:
But Moses said unto him, Art, thou, jealous for, me? Oh would that, all the people of Yahweh, were prophets! Yea let Yahweh put his spirit upon them!
Much seed, shalt thou take out into the field, - and little, shalt thou gather in, for the locust shall consume it. Vineyards, shalt thou plant, and dress, - but wine, shalt thou not drink, neither shalt thou gather the grapes, for the worm shall eat them.
I will make mine arrows drunk with blood, And, my sword, shall devour flesh, - With the blood of the slain and the captive, With the flesh of the chief leader of the foe. Shout for joy O ye nations with his people, For the blood of his servants, he avengeth, - And, vengeance, he returneth unto his adversaries, And is propitious unto the soil of his people.
and the name of his firstborn son was, Joel, and the name of his second, Abijah, - they were judges in Beer-sheba.
When there shall be, famine, in the land, when there shall be, pestilence, when there shall be, blasting, mildew locust, caterpillar, when their enemy shall besiege them in one of their own gates, - whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness;
When they sin against thee - for there is, no son of earth, that sinneth not, and thou shalt be angry with them, and deliver them up before an enemy, - who shall carry them away as their captives, into the land of the enemy, far or near;
Then, came up Hazael, king of Syria, and fought against Gath, and captured it, - so Hazael set his face to go up against Jerusalem. Therefore did Jehoash, king of Judah, take all the hallowed things which Jehoshaphat and Jehoram and Ahaziah, his fathers, kings of Judah, had hallowed, and his own hallowed things, and all the gold that was found in the treasuries of the house of Yahweh and the house of the king, - and sent to Hazael king of Syria, so he went up from against Jerusalem.
But these written by name came in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah, and smote their tents, and the Meunim who were found there, and devoted them, until this day, and dwelt in their stead, - for there was pasture for their flocks, there. And, some of them, of the sons of Simeon, went to Mount Seir, five hundred men, - with Pelatiah, and Neariah, and Rephaiah, and Uzziel, sons of Ishi, at their head; read more. and they smote the remainder that had escaped, of the Amalekites, - and dwelt there - as they have unto this day.
Yea, these, are they who stood, with their sons. Of the sons of the Kohathites, Heman the singer, son of Joel, son of Samuel,
Then called David, for Zadok and for Abiathar, the priests, - and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah and Joel, Shemaiah and Eliel, and Amminadab; and said unto them, Ye, are the chiefs of the fathers of the Levites, - Hallow yourselves, ye and your brethren, so shall ye bring up the ark of Yahweh - God of Israel, into the place I have prepared for it.
So the Levites caused to stand, Heman son of Joel, and, of his brethren, Asaph, son of Berechiah, - and, of the sons of Merari their brethren, Ethan, son of Kushaiah;
the sons of Jehieli, Zetham and Joel his brother who were over the treasuries of the house of Yahweh.
and they gave their hand, that they would put away their wives, - and, being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their guilt.
Now, these, are the chiefs of the province, who dwelt in Jerusalem, but, in the cities of Judah, dwelt every man in his possession throughout their cities, Israel, the priests, and the Levites and the Nethinim, and the Sons of the Servants of Solomon. And, in Jerusalem, dwelt certain of the sons of Judah and of the sons of Benjamin, - Of the sons of Judah, Athaiah son of Uzziah, son of Zechariah, son of Amariah, son of Shephatiah, son of Mahalalel, of the sons of Perez;
And, Joel son of Zichri, was in charge over them, - and, Judah son of Hassenuah, was over the city, as second.
Lo! As a witness to the peoples, have I given him, - As a leader and commander to the peoples:
For, a nation, hath come up over my land, bold, and without number, - his teeth, are the teeth of a lion, and, the fangs of a lioness, hath he!
Hallow ye a fast, Call a solemn assembly, Gather, O elders, all the inhabitants of the land, unto the house of Yahweh your God, - and make ye outcry unto Yahweh.
Unto thee, O Yahweh, will I cry, - for, a fire, hath consumed the pastures of the wilderness, and, a flame, hath set ablaze all the trees of the field. Even the beasts of the field, moan unto thee, - because dried up are the channels of water, and, a fire, hath devoured the pastures of the wilderness.
Blow ye a horn in Zion, sound an alarm in my holy mountain, let all the inhabitants of the land, tremble, - for coming is the day of Yahweh, for it is near! - A day of obscurity and deep gloom, a day of cloud, and thick darkness, as dusk, spread over the mountains, - a people, many and bold, like whom, hath not been from age-past times, and, after whom, shall not be again unto the years of generation after generation. read more. Before him, hath a fire, devoured, and, after him, shall a flame, consume, - As the garden of Eden, is the land before him, but, after him, a desert most desolate, Moreover also, escape, giveth he none.
Like the noise of chariots on the tops of the mountains, shall they rattle along, like the noise of a flame of fire, devouring dry straw, - like a people bold, arrayed for battle. Because of him, shall peoples', be in anguish, - all faces, have withdrawn their colour. read more. Like heroes, shall they run, like men of war, shall they mount a wall, - and, every one - along his own road, shall they march along, and shall not change their paths; Nor, against each other, shall they strike, Each - on his own highway, shall they march, - though, in among the weapons, they fall, they shall not stop. Upon the city, shall they leap, on the wall, shall they run, up the houses, shall they climb, - through the windows, shall they enter, like a thief,
Even now, therefore, urgeth Yahweh, Turn ye unto me, with all your heart, - and with fasting and with weeping, and with lamentation; And rend your heart, and not your garments, turn therefore, unto Yahweh your God, - for, gracious and full of compassion, is he, slow to anger, and abundant in loving- kindness, and will grieve over calamity.
And rend your heart, and not your garments, turn therefore, unto Yahweh your God, - for, gracious and full of compassion, is he, slow to anger, and abundant in loving- kindness, and will grieve over calamity. Who knoweth, he may turn and grieve, - and leave behind him, a blessing, a meal-offering and a drink-offering, to Yahweh your God? read more. Blow ye a horn, in Zion, - hallow a fast, call a solemn assembly:
Blow ye a horn, in Zion, - hallow a fast, call a solemn assembly: Gather the people, hallow a convocation, collect the elders, gather the children, and the sucklings of the breasts, - let the bridegroom, come forth, from his chamber, and the bride from her bower: read more. Between the porch and the altar, let the priests, weep, the attendants of Yahweh, - and let them say - Look with pity, O Yahweh, upon thy people, and do not deliver thine inheritance to reproach, that the nations, should mock them, Why should they say among the peoples, Where is their God?
Between the porch and the altar, let the priests, weep, the attendants of Yahweh, - and let them say - Look with pity, O Yahweh, upon thy people, and do not deliver thine inheritance to reproach, that the nations, should mock them, Why should they say among the peoples, Where is their God? And Yahweh became jealous for his land, - and took pity on his people;
And Yahweh became jealous for his land, - and took pity on his people; Then answered Yahweh, and said to his people: - Behold me! sending you the corn, and the new wine and the oil, so shall ye be satisfied therewith; and I will not make you, any more, a reproach among the nations.
Then answered Yahweh, and said to his people: - Behold me! sending you the corn, and the new wine and the oil, so shall ye be satisfied therewith; and I will not make you, any more, a reproach among the nations. And, the Northerner, will I remove far from you, and drive him into a land parched and desolate, with, his face, toward the eastern sea, and, his rear, toward the hinder sea, - then shall come up his ill odour, yea his stench, shall ascend, because he hath shown himself great in doing.
And, the Northerner, will I remove far from you, and drive him into a land parched and desolate, with, his face, toward the eastern sea, and, his rear, toward the hinder sea, - then shall come up his ill odour, yea his stench, shall ascend, because he hath shown himself great in doing.
And, the Northerner, will I remove far from you, and drive him into a land parched and desolate, with, his face, toward the eastern sea, and, his rear, toward the hinder sea, - then shall come up his ill odour, yea his stench, shall ascend, because he hath shown himself great in doing. Be not thou afraid, O soil, - exult and rejoice, because Yahweh, hath shown himself great, in doing. read more. Be not afraid, ye beasts of the field, for sprouted have the pastures of the wilderness, - for, the tree, hath borne its fruit, the fig-tree and the vine, have yielded their wealth.
Be not afraid, ye beasts of the field, for sprouted have the pastures of the wilderness, - for, the tree, hath borne its fruit, the fig-tree and the vine, have yielded their wealth. Ye sons of Zion, then, exult and be glad in Yahweh your God, for he hath given you the seed-rain, in right manner, - Yea he hath caused to descend for you a down-pour, of seed-rain and of the harvest-rain in the first month;
Ye sons of Zion, then, exult and be glad in Yahweh your God, for he hath given you the seed-rain, in right manner, - Yea he hath caused to descend for you a down-pour, of seed-rain and of the harvest-rain in the first month;
Ye sons of Zion, then, exult and be glad in Yahweh your God, for he hath given you the seed-rain, in right manner, - Yea he hath caused to descend for you a down-pour, of seed-rain and of the harvest-rain in the first month; So shall the threshing-floors, be filled, with corn, - and the vats, overflow, with new wine and oil. read more. Then will I make good to you the years which were eaten by the swarming locust, the grass locust, and the corn locust and the creeping locust, - even my great army, which I sent among you. And ye shall eat and eat, and be satisfied, and shall praise the name of Yahweh your God, who hath dealt with you wondrously, - so shall my people, not be abashed, unto times age-abiding. So shall ye know that, in the midst of Israel, I am, and that, I, Yahweh, am your God, and none else, - and my people, shall not be abashed, unto times age-abiding. And it shall come to pass, afterwards, I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh, and your sons and your daughters, shall prophesy, - your old men, shall dream, dreams, your young men, shall see, visions; Moreover also, upon the servants and upon the handmaids - in those days, will I pour out my spirit;
For lo! in those days, and at that time, - when I shall bring back the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem, Then will I gather all the nations, and bring them down into the Vale of Jehoshaphat, - and will enter into judgment with them there, concerning my people, and mine inheritance Israel, whom they scattered among the nations, and, my land, they apportioned;
Then will I gather all the nations, and bring them down into the Vale of Jehoshaphat, - and will enter into judgment with them there, concerning my people, and mine inheritance Israel, whom they scattered among the nations, and, my land, they apportioned;
Then will I gather all the nations, and bring them down into the Vale of Jehoshaphat, - and will enter into judgment with them there, concerning my people, and mine inheritance Israel, whom they scattered among the nations, and, my land, they apportioned;
Moreover also, what have, ye, to do with me, O Tyre and Zidon, and all the circuit of Palestine? A recompense, are ye paying back unto me? But, though ye should make a recompense unto me, swiftly, speedily, would I return your recompense upon your own head.
And, the sons of Judah and the sons of Jerusalem, ye sold to the sons of Greece, - that they might be far removed from their own boundary.
Let the nations, be roused, and come up, into the Vale of Jehoshaphat, - for, there, will I sit to judge all the nations, on every side.
And, Yahweh, out of Zion, will roar, and, out of Jerusalem, will utter his voice, and the heavens and the earth, shall tremble, - but, Yahweh, shall be a shelter to his people, and a refuge to the sons of Israel.
And, Yahweh, out of Zion, will roar, and, out of Jerusalem, will utter his voice, and the heavens and the earth, shall tremble, - but, Yahweh, shall be a shelter to his people, and a refuge to the sons of Israel. So shall ye know that, I, Yahweh, am your God, making my habitation in Zion my holy mountain, - So shall, Jerusalem, be, holy, and, foreigners, shall pass through her no more.
So shall ye know that, I, Yahweh, am your God, making my habitation in Zion my holy mountain, - So shall, Jerusalem, be, holy, and, foreigners, shall pass through her no more. And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drip sweet wine, and the hills shall flow down with milk, and, all the channels of Judah, shall flow down with waters, - and, a spring, out of the house of Yahweh, shall come forth, and shall water the torrent-valley of the acacias. read more. Egypt, to a desolation, shall be turned, and, Edom, to a desert most desolate, shall be changed, - because of the violence done to the sons of Judah, in that they shed innocent blood in their land.
Egypt, to a desolation, shall be turned, and, Edom, to a desert most desolate, shall be changed, - because of the violence done to the sons of Judah, in that they shed innocent blood in their land. But, Judah, age-abidingly, shall remain, and, Jerusalem, to generation after generation.
But, Judah, age-abidingly, shall remain, and, Jerusalem, to generation after generation. And I will free from their blood-guiltiness them whom I had not freed, - for, Yahweh, is about to make his habitation in Zion.
And I will free from their blood-guiltiness them whom I had not freed, - for, Yahweh, is about to make his habitation in Zion.
So then he said - Yahweh, out of Zion, will roar, and, out of Jerusalem, will utter his voice, - and the pastures of the shepherds, shall mourn, and the top of Carmel, be dried up.
Here, My Lord, Yahweh gave me to see, and lo! he was preparing the locust, in the beginning of the shooting up of the after-grass, - and lo! after-grass, cometh after the mowings for the king. And it came to pass, when they had made an end of eating the herbage of the land, that I said - Oh, My Lord, Yahweh, forgive, I beseech thee: By whom shall Jacob, arise? for, small, he is. read more. Grieved was Yahweh, over this, - It shall not be, said Yahweh? Here, My Lord, Yahweh gave me to see, and lo! My Lord Yahweh proclaiming that, the controversy should be settled by fire, - which, having devoured the mighty roaring deep, should devour the inheritance.
But I will pour out upon the house of David and upon the inhabitant of Jerusalem, the spirit of favour, and of supplications, and they will look unto me, whom they have pierced, - and will wail over him, as one waileth over an only son, and will make bitter outcry over him, as one maketh bitter outcry over a firstborn.
Now, this, spake he concerning the Spirit which they who believed on him were about to receive; for, not yet, was there Spirit, because, Jesus, not yet, was glorified!
But this is that which hath been spoken through the prophet Joel -
And it shall be - Whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord, shall be saved.
Thou madest known unto me paths of life, thou wilt make me full of gladness with thy countenance.
And Peter said unto them - Repent ye, and let each one of you be immersed, in the name of Jesus Christ, into the remission of your sins, - and ye shall receive the free-gift of the Holy Spirit;
Now - this man, had four virgin daughters, who used to prophesy.
For there is no distinction - of Jew or Greek, - for, the same Lord , is Lord of all, being rich unto all who call upon him; For, Whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord, shall be saved: -
And, the fifth messenger, sounded; and I saw a star, out of heaven, fallen unto the earth, and there was given unto him the key of the shaft of the abyss. And he opened the shaft of the abyss; and there came up a smoke out of the shaft, as the smoke of a great furnace, and the sun and the air were darkened, by reason of the smoke of the shaft. read more. And, out of the smoke, came forth, locusts, upon the earth; and there was given unto them licence, as the scorpions of the earth have licence. And it was bidden them that they should not injure the herbage of the earth, nor any green thing, nor any tree, - but only the men who have not the seal of God upon their foreheads. And it was given unto them, that they should not slay them, but that they should be tormented five months; and, the torture of them, was as of a scorpion's torture, whensoever it smiteth a man. And, in those days, shall men seek death, and in nowise shall find it, and shall covet to die, and death fleeth from them. And, the likenesses of the locusts, were like unto horses prepared for battle; and, upon their heads, as it were crowns, like unto gold, and, their faces, were as the faces of men, and, they had hair, as the hair of women, and, their teeth, were, as of lions, and they had breastplates as breastplates of iron, and, the sound of their wings, was as the sound of chariots of many horses, running into battle; and they have tails like unto scorpions, and stings, and, in their tails, is their licence to injure men five months. They have over them, as king, the messenger of the abyss, whose name, in Hebrew, is Abaddon "=Destroyer", and, in the Greek, he hath for name, Destroyer. The first, Woe, hath passed away, lo! there come, yet, two, Woes, after these things.
Hastings
1. The prophet (see next article). Regarding his personal history we know nothing. 2. A son of Samuel (1Sa 8:2; 1Ch 6:28 [RV6:33). 3. An ancestor of Samuel (1Ch 6:36, called in v. 24 Shaul). 4. A Simeonite prince (1Ch 4:35). 5. A Reubenite (1Ch 5:4,8). 6. A Gadite chief (1Ch 5:12). 7. A chief man of Issachar (1Ch 7:3). 8. One of David's heroes (1Ch 11:38). 9, 10, 11. Levites (1Ch 15:7,11,17; 23:8; 26:22; 2Ch 29:12). 12. A Manassite chief (1Ch 27:20). 13. One of those who married a foreign wife (Ezr 10:43 [1Es 9:35 Juel]). 14. A Benjamite overseer after the Exile (Ne 11:9).
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and the name of his firstborn son was, Joel, and the name of his second, Abijah, - they were judges in Beer-sheba.
and Bela, the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, - he, dwelt in Aroer, even as far as Nebo, and Baal-meon;
And, the sons of Uzzi, Izrahiah, - and, the sons of Izrahiah, Michael and Obadiah and Joel, Isshiah - five, chiefs, all of them;
Then called David, for Zadok and for Abiathar, the priests, - and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah and Joel, Shemaiah and Eliel, and Amminadab;
So the Levites caused to stand, Heman son of Joel, and, of his brethren, Asaph, son of Berechiah, - and, of the sons of Merari their brethren, Ethan, son of Kushaiah;
the sons of Jehieli, Zetham and Joel his brother who were over the treasuries of the house of Yahweh.
Of the sons of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Azaziah. Of the half tribe of Manasseh, Joel, son of Pedaiah.
And, Joel son of Zichri, was in charge over them, - and, Judah son of Hassenuah, was over the city, as second.
Morish
Joel. Jo'el
1. Eldest son of Samuel: he and his brother Abiah acted as judges; their corrupt practices were the plea upon which Israel demanded a king. 1Sa 8:2; 1Ch 6:33; 15:17. Apparently Joel is called VASHNI in 1Ch 6:28; but it is possible that the word Joel has dropped out: the passage would then read "the firstborn Joel, and 'the second' Abiah," as in the R.V.
2. Prince in the tribe of Simeon. 1Ch 4:35.
3. A Reubenite, father of Shemaiah, or Shema. 1Ch 5:4,8.
4. A chief man among the Gadites. 1Ch 5:12.
5. Son of Azariah, a Kohathite. 1Ch 6:36.
6. Son of Izrahiah, a descendant of Issachar. 1Ch 7:3.
7. One of David's mighty men. 1Ch 11:38.
8. A chief of the sons of Gershom. 1Ch 15:7,11.
9. Son of Jehieli, and descendant of Laadan, a Gershonite. 1Ch 23:8; 26:22.
10. Son of Pedaiah, of the tribe of Manasseh. 1Ch 27:20.
11. Son of Azariah, a Kohathite of Hezekiah's time. 2Ch 29:12.
12. One who had married a strange wife. Ezr 10:43.
13. Son of Zichri, and overseer of the Benjamites in Jerusalem. Ne 11:9.
14. Son of Pethuel: the prophet. Joe 1:1.
Joel, Jo'el Book of.
Of the minor Prophets, Joel is judged to be the earliest in connection with Judah, though there are no dates given in the prophecy itself. The key-note of the prophecy is 'the day of Jehovah,' which is five times mentioned in connection with the future judgements, which will bring in the full blessing of Israel and the earth, when the Lord also will have His portion, a meat offering, and a drink offering for Himself.
Joel 1. The Prophet takes occasion by the devastation wrought in his day by an army of insects to call the priests, the princes, and the people to a fast, and a solemn assembly in the house of the Lord, there to cry unto Jehovah. Then he adds, "Alas for the day! for the day of the Lord is at hand, and as a destruction from the Almighty shall it come." Here it is destruction, open judgement, as in the day when God will judge the world in righteousness. The army of insects was but a precursor, but as a present thing, instead of joy and gladness being in the house of God, God was judging. The prophet said 'is at hand;' but God's long-suffering deferred its full execution, and defers it still.
Joel 2. The day of Jehovah is nigh at hand, and the trumpet is to sound an alarm of war: cf. Nu 10:9. The army of insects is still alluded to, but it looks forward to the future, when God will bring His judgements upon the land. The army is His, and the camp is His: the day of Jehovah. is great and very terrible. The people are called to repentance, to rend their hearts and not their garments, for God is merciful and gracious. The trumpet was to be blown in Zion for a solemn assembly: cf. Nu 10:7. Priests and all are called to weep and pray. God will hear, and will destroy their enemies, especially the northern army (Joe 2:20, elsewhere alluded to as Assyria) and He will bring His people into great blessing. When they repent, the Holy Spirit will be poured out upon them and upon all flesh. This was quoted by Peter in Ac 2:16-21, but the nation did not then repent, it was only a remnant that turned to the Lord and entered into the blessing that God was bestowing
See Verses Found in Dictionary
But in calling together the convocation, ye shall blow but shall not sound an alarm.
And when ye go into war in your land against thee assailant that assaileth you, then shall ye blow an alarm with the trumpets, - and bring yourselves to mind before Yahweh your God, and be saved, from your enemies,
and the name of his firstborn son was, Joel, and the name of his second, Abijah, - they were judges in Beer-sheba.
and Bela, the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, - he, dwelt in Aroer, even as far as Nebo, and Baal-meon;
And, the sons of Uzzi, Izrahiah, - and, the sons of Izrahiah, Michael and Obadiah and Joel, Isshiah - five, chiefs, all of them;
Then called David, for Zadok and for Abiathar, the priests, - and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah and Joel, Shemaiah and Eliel, and Amminadab;
the sons of Jehieli, Zetham and Joel his brother who were over the treasuries of the house of Yahweh.
Of the sons of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Azaziah. Of the half tribe of Manasseh, Joel, son of Pedaiah.
Then arose the Levites - Mahath son of Amasai, and Joel son of Azariah, of the sons of the Kohathites, and, of the sons of Merari, Kish son of Abdi, and Azariah son of Jehallelel, - and, of the Gershonites, Joah son of Zimmah, and Eden son of Joah;
And, Joel son of Zichri, was in charge over them, - and, Judah son of Hassenuah, was over the city, as second.
And, the Northerner, will I remove far from you, and drive him into a land parched and desolate, with, his face, toward the eastern sea, and, his rear, toward the hinder sea, - then shall come up his ill odour, yea his stench, shall ascend, because he hath shown himself great in doing.
But this is that which hath been spoken through the prophet Joel - And it shall be, in the last days saith God, I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and, your young men, visions shall see and, your elders, in dreams shall dream, - read more. And, even upon my men-servants and upon my maid-servants in those days, will I pour out of my Spirit, and they shall prophesy; And I will set forth wonders in the heaven above, and signs upon the earth beneath, - blood and fire and vapour of smoke: The sun, shall be turned into darkness and, the moon, into blood, - before the coming of the day of the Lord, the great and manifest day ; And it shall be - Whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord, shall be saved.
Smith
Jo'el
(to whom Jehovah is God).
1. Eldest son of Samuel the prophet,
and father of Heman the singer. (B.C. 1094.)
2. In
Authorized Version, Joel seems to be merely a corruption of Shaul in ver. 24.
3. A Simeonite chief.
4. A descendant of Reuben. Junius and Tremellius make him the son of Hanoeh, while others trace his descent through Carmi.
(B.C. before 1092.)
5. Chief of the Gadites, who dwelt in the land of Bashan.
(B.C. 782.)
6. The son of Izrahiah, of the tribe of Issachar.
7. The brother of Nathan of Zobah,
and one of David's guard.
8. The chief of the Gershomites in the reign of David.
9. A Gershonite Levite in the reign of David, son of Jehiel, a descendant of Laadan, and probably the same as the preceding.
(B.C. 1014.)
10. The son of Pedaiah, and a chief of the half-tribe of Manasseh west of Jordan, in the reign of David.
(B.C. 1014.)
11. A Kohathite Levite in the reign of Hezekiah.
(B.C. 726.)
12. One of the sons of Nebo, who returned with Ezra, and had married a foreign wife.
(B.C. 459.)
13. The son of Zichri, a Benjamite.
14. The second of the twelve minor prophets, the son of Pethuel, probably prophesied in Judah in the reign of Uzziah, about B.C. 800. The book of Joel contains a grand outline of the whole terrible scene, which was to be depicted more and more in detail by subsequent prophets. The proximate event to which the prophecy related was a public calamity, then impending on Judah, of a two-plague of locusts --and continuing for several years. The prophet exhorts the people to turn to God with penitence, fasting and prayer; and then, he says, the plague shall cease, and the rain descendent in its season, and the land yield her accustomed fruit. Nay, the time will be a most joyful one; for God, by the outpouring of his Spirit, will extend the blessings of true religion to heathen lands. The prophecy is referred to in Acts 2.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
and the name of his firstborn son was, Joel, and the name of his second, Abijah, - they were judges in Beer-sheba.
Then called David, for Zadok and for Abiathar, the priests, - and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah and Joel, Shemaiah and Eliel, and Amminadab;
the sons of Jehieli, Zetham and Joel his brother who were over the treasuries of the house of Yahweh.
Of the sons of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Azaziah. Of the half tribe of Manasseh, Joel, son of Pedaiah.
Then arose the Levites - Mahath son of Amasai, and Joel son of Azariah, of the sons of the Kohathites, and, of the sons of Merari, Kish son of Abdi, and Azariah son of Jehallelel, - and, of the Gershonites, Joah son of Zimmah, and Eden son of Joah;
Watsons
JOEL, the second of the twelve lesser prophets. It is impossible to ascertain the age in which he lived, but it seems most probable that he was contemporary with Hosea. No particulars of his life or death are certainly known. His prophecies are confined to the kingdom of Judah. He inveighs against the sin's and impieties of the people, and threatens them with divine vengeance; he exhorts to repentance, fasting, and prayer; and promises the favour of God to those who should be obedient. The principal predictions contained in this book are the Chaldean invasion, under the figurative representation of locusts; the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus; the blessings of the Gospel dispensation; the conversion and restoration of the Jews to their own land; the overthrow of the enemies of God; and the glorious state of the Christian church in the end of the world. The style of Joel is perspicuous and elegant, and his descriptions are remarkably animated and poetical.