Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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You have heard that it was said to the ancients, Thou shalt not murder; and whosoever may murder shall be in danger of the judgment; but I say unto you that every one being angry with his brother, shall be in danger of the judgment; and whosoever may say to his brother, Thou scoundrel, shall be in danger of the council; and whosoever may say, Thou fool, shall be liable unto a hell of fire.
Truly I say unto you, It will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city.
And I say unto you, that every idle word whatsoever men shall speak, they shall give an account concerning the same in the day of judgment.
But when the Son of min may come in His glory, and all His angels with Him, then will He sit upon the throne of His glory: and all nations shall be gathered before Him: and He will separate them from one another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats: read more. and He will place the sheep on His right, and the goats on His left. Then the King will say to those on His right, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom which has been prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry, and you gave me to eat: I was thirsty, and you gave me drink: I was a stranger, and you took me in; was naked, and ye clothed me: was sick, and ye visited me: was in prison, and ye came unto me. Then the righteous will respond to Him, saying; Lord, when saw we thee then hungry, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? And when saw we thee then a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? But when saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto thee? And the King responding will say unto them, Truly I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did these things to one of the least of these my brethren, you did them unto me. Then will He also say unto those on the left, Depart from me, ye cursed, into eternal fire which has been prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry, and you gave me nothing to eat: I was thirsty, and you gave me nothing to drink: I was a stranger and you took me not in; was naked, and you clothed me not; was sick, and in prison, and you visited me not. Then will they also respond, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and ministered not unto thee? Then will He respond to them, saying, Truly I say unto you, Inasmuch as you did not these things to one of the least of these, you did them not unto me. And these shall go away into eternal punishment: and the righteous into eternal life.
Jesus says to him, Thou didst say it. Moreover I say unto you, that, Hereafter you shall see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven.
For the Father judgeth no one, for He hath given all judgment to the Son;
as He has appointed a day, in which he is about to judge the world in righteousness by the man whom he has ordained; giving faith to all, having raised Him from the dead.
But why do you judge your neighbor, or indeed why do you discount your brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment-seat of God. For it has been written; As I live, says the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God. read more. Then therefore each one of us shall give an account to God for himself.
And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne; and the books were opened, and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead who are in it; and death and Hades gave up the dead who were in them; and they were judged each according to their works. read more. And death and Hades were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire. And if any one was not found written in the book of life, he was cast into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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He put forth another parable to them, saying, The kingdom of the heavens is like unto a man sowing good seed in his field. And while the men slept, an enemy came, and sowed tares in the midst of the wheat, and departed. read more. And when the blades sprang up, and produced fruit, then the tares were also made manifest. And the servants of the landlord having come to him said, Sir, did you not sow good seed in your field? whence then hath it tares? And he said to them, A hostile man did this. And the servants say to him, Then do you wish that we, having gone, may gather them? And he says, No; lest gathering the tares together you may at the same time along with them root up the wheat. Let both grow together till the harvest: and at the time of the harvest, I will say to the reapers, First gather the tares, and bind them in bundles, in order to burn them: and gather the wheat into my barn.
And He responding said, The one sowing the good seed is the Son of man; and the field is the world; and the good seed, these are the sons of the kingdom; and the tares are the sons of the wicked one, read more. and the enemy sowing them is the devil: and the harvest is the end of the age; and the reapers are the angels. Then as the tares are gathered and burnt up with fire; so it will be in the end of the age. The Son of man will send forth His angels, and they will gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and those who do iniquity, and will cast them into the furnace of the fire: and there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Then the righteous will shine as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. But let the one having ears, hear.
Again, the kingdom of the heavens is like unto a net cast into the sea, and gathering of every kind; which, when it was filled, drawing up on the shore, and sitting down, they gathered the good into baskets, and threw the bad away. read more. So it will be in the end of the age: the angels will go forth, and will separate the wicked from the midst of the righteous, and will cast them into the furnace of the fire: and there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
And He will send forth His angels with a great trumpet, and they will gather His elect out of the four winds, from the extremities of the heavens, unto the extremities of the same. But learn the parable from the fig-tree: when her branch may now be tender, and she may grow out leaves, know that the summer is nigh. read more. So you also, when you may see all these things know that it is at the doors. Truly I say unto you, This race may not pass away until all these things may be fulfilled. Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words can not pass away. Concerning that day or hour no one knows, neither the angels of the heavens, except my Father only. But as were the days of Noah, so indeed shall be the coming of the Son of man. For as in those days before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day on which Noah entered into the ark, and they did not know until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall be the coming of the Son of man. Then two men shall be in the field; one is taken, and one is left. Two women will be grinding at the mill; one is taken, and one is left. Watch therefore: because you do not know on what day your Lord cometh. But know this, that if the landlord knew at what watch the thief cometh, he would have watched, and would not have permitted his house to be broken into. Therefore be ye also ready: because the Son of man cometh in an hour at which you do not think. Then who is the faithful and wise servant, whom the lord placed over his household to give them their food in season?
in order that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom; and you shall sit upon thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
in the day when God will judge the secrets of men through my gospel according to Jesus Christ.
to the whole company, and to the church of the first-born, who have been written in the heavens, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of justified people who have been made perfect,
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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For the Son of man is about to come in the glory of His Father with His angels, and then He will give to each one according to his works.
And immediately, after the desolation of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give her light, and the stars will fall from the heavens, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken.
But when the Son of min may come in His glory, and all His angels with Him, then will He sit upon the throne of His glory:
But when the Son of min may come in His glory, and all His angels with Him, then will He sit upon the throne of His glory: and all nations shall be gathered before Him: and He will separate them from one another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats: read more. and He will place the sheep on His right, and the goats on His left. Then the King will say to those on His right, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom which has been prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry, and you gave me to eat: I was thirsty, and you gave me drink: I was a stranger, and you took me in; was naked, and ye clothed me: was sick, and ye visited me: was in prison, and ye came unto me. Then the righteous will respond to Him, saying; Lord, when saw we thee then hungry, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? And when saw we thee then a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? But when saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto thee? And the King responding will say unto them, Truly I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did these things to one of the least of these my brethren, you did them unto me. Then will He also say unto those on the left, Depart from me, ye cursed, into eternal fire which has been prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry, and you gave me nothing to eat: I was thirsty, and you gave me nothing to drink: I was a stranger and you took me not in; was naked, and you clothed me not; was sick, and in prison, and you visited me not. Then will they also respond, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and ministered not unto thee? Then will He respond to them, saying, Truly I say unto you, Inasmuch as you did not these things to one of the least of these, you did them not unto me. And these shall go away into eternal punishment: and the righteous into eternal life.
Do not be astonished at this: because the hour cometh, in which all who are in their graves will hear His voice, and come forth; those having done good, unto the resurrection of life; and those having done evil, unto the resurrection of judgment.
And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus, and thou and thy household shall be saved.
But if we died along with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him:
For Christ is my life, and death is my gain.
For ye are dead, and your life is hidden with Christ in God:
and to you who are troubled, rest with us, in the revelation of the Lord Jesus from heaven with the angels of his power in the fire of flame, dispensing vengeance to those who know not God, and to those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus: read more. who shall suffer vengeance, eternal destruction from the face of the Lord and from the glory of his might,
but now the heavens and the earth have been kept according to the same word, being reserved for fire in the day of judgment and the destruction of the ungodly people.
But the day of the Lord will come like a thief; in which the heavens will pass away with a great noise, and the elements being scorched up will be dissolved, and the earth and the works in it will be burnt up.
And now, little children, abide in him; in order that, if he may appear, we may have boldness, and not shrink with embarrassment from him in his presence.
And in those days men will seek death, and will not find it; and they will desire to die, and death flies from them.
And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne; and the books were opened, and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead who are in it; and death and Hades gave up the dead who were in them; and they were judged each according to their works.