Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
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beginning from the baptism of John unto that same day that he was received on high from among us, that one must be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection.
Then Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice and said unto them, Ye men of Judaea and all ye that dwell in Jerusalem, be this known unto you and hearken to my words;
And the young men arose, wound him up, and carried him out and buried him.
Then the twelve called the multitude of the disciples unto them and said, It is not right that we should leave the word of God and serve tables;
which they likewise did and sent it to the elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul.
But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to be silent, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go make these things known unto James and to the brethren. And he departed and went to another place.
But Elymas the wise man (for so is his name by interpretation) withstood them, seeking to turn away the proconsul from the faith.
Which when the apostles, Barnabas and Paul, heard of it, they rent their clothes and ran in among the people, crying out
And having ordained elders for them in every congregation and having prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord on whom they believed.
And God, who knows the hearts, bore them witness, giving them the Holy Spirit, even as he did unto us,
Then it pleased the apostles and elders, with the whole congregation , to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas and Silas, principal men among the brethren;
And from Miletus he sent to Ephesus and called the elders of the congregation .
Take heed therefore unto yourselves and to all the flock, in which the Holy Spirit has placed you as bishops to feed the congregation of God, which he has purchased with his own blood.
And the next day Paul and those of us that were with him departed and came unto Caesarea; and we entered into the house of Philip the evangelist, who was one of the seven, and abode with him. And he had four daughters, virgins, who prophesied.
And the day following, Paul went in with us to see James, and all the elders were gathered.
he that exhorts, in exhortation; he that gives, let him do it in simplicity; he that presides, in earnest care; he that shows mercy, in cheerfulness.
I commend unto you Phebe our sister, who is a servant of the congregation which is at Cenchrea,
Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen and my fellowprisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.
I speak to your shame. Is it so, that there is not a wise man among you? no, not one that shall be able to judge between his brothers?
Therefore, my dearly beloved, flee from idolatry.
But every woman that prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonours her head, for that is even the same as if she were shaven.
Does not even nature itself teach you that if a man lets his hair grow, it is dishonest?
And God did set certain ones in the congregation : first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that faculties, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diversities of tongues.
And God did set certain ones in the congregation : first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that faculties, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diversities of tongues.
and that he appeared to Cephas and then to the twelve;
Paul, apostle (not from men neither through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead)
But I saw none of the other apostles, except James the Lord's brother.
(for he that showed himself forth in Peter for apostleship of the circumcision, the same also showed himself forth in me toward the Gentiles);
and are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief cornerstone,
which in other generations was not made known unto the sons of men as it is now revealed unto his holy apostles and prophets in the Spirit,
And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers,
And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers,
Paul and Timothy, slaves of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:
And we beseech you, brethren, to recognize those who labour among you and preside over you in the Lord and admonish you
The wives likewise are to be honest, not slanderers, temperate, faithful in all things.
Rebuke not an elder, but intreat him as a father, and the younger men as brethren,
Let the elders that govern well be counted worthy of double honour, especially those who labour in the word and doctrine.
Let the elders that govern well be counted worthy of double honour, especially those who labour in the word and doctrine.
For this cause I left thee in Crete, that thou should correct that which is lacking and set in place elders in every city, as I had commanded thee:
For the bishop must be blameless, as a steward of God; not arrogant, not quick to anger, not given to wine, not hurtful, not greedy of dishonest gain,
Remember your pastors, who have spoken unto you the word of God, whose faith follow, considering the end of their conversation:
Listen to your pastors, and do not resist them, for they watch for your souls as those that must give account, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief; for that is unprofitable for you.
But above all things, my brethren, do not swear by heaven or by the earth or by any other oath, but let your yes be yes and your no, no; lest ye fall into condemnation.
Is any sick among you? let him call for the elders of the congregation ; and let them pray for him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord;
The elders who are among you I exhort (I am also an elder with them and a witness of the afflictions of the Christ, and also a participant of the glory that shall be revealed).
Notwithstanding I have a few things against thee because thou sufferest that woman Jezebel (who calls herself a prophetess) to teach and to seduce my slaves to commit fornication, and to eat things sacrificed unto idols.
And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.