Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Beginning from the baptism of John, to that same day that he was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection.
But Peter standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and said to them, Ye men of Judea, and all ye that dwell at Jerusalem, be this known to you, and hearken to my words:
And the young men arose, wound him up, and carried him out, and buried him.
Then the twelve called the multitude of the disciples, and said, It is not reason that we should leave the word of God, and serve tables.
Which also they did, and sent it to the elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul.
But he beckoning to them with the hand to hold their peace, declared to them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go, show these things to James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went into another place.
But Elymas the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) withstood them, seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith.
Which, when the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard of, they rent their clothes, and ran in among the people, crying out,
And when they had ordained for them elders in every church, and had prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord, on whom they believed.
And God, who knoweth the hearts, bore them witness, giving to them the Holy Spirit, even as he did to us:
Then it pleased the apostles and elders, with the whole church, to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch, with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren:
And from Miletus he sent to Ephesus, and called the elders of the church.
Take heed therefore to yourselves, and to all the flock over which the Holy Spirit hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood.
And the next day we that were of Paul's company departed, and came to Cesarea; and we entered into the house of Philip the evangelist, who was one of the seven; and abode with him. And the same man had four daughters, virgins, who prophesied.
And the day following Paul went in with us to James: and all the elders were present.
Or he that exhorteth, on exhortation: he that giveth, let him do it with simplicity; he that ruleth, with diligence; he that showeth mercy, with cheerfulness.
I commend to you Phebe our sister, who is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea:
Salute Andronicus and Junia my kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.
I speak to your shame. Is it so, that there is not a wise man among you? no, not one that will be able to judge between his brethren?
Wherefore, my dearly beloved, flee from idolatry.
But every woman that prayeth or prophesieth with her head uncovered, dishonoreth her head: for that is even all one as if she were shaved.
Doth not even nature itself teach you, that if a man hath long hair, it is a shame to him?
And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondly prophets, thirdly teachers, next miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diversities of languages.
And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondly prophets, thirdly teachers, next miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diversities of languages.
And that he was seen by Cephas, then by the twelve:
Paul, an apostle, (not from men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead;)
But I saw no other of the apostles, save James the Lord's brother.
(For he that wrought effectually in Peter to the apostleship of the circumcision, the same was mighty in me towards the Gentiles:)
And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner-stone;
Which in other ages was not made known to the sons of men, as it is now revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit;
And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;
And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;
Paul and Timothy, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:
And we beseech you, brethren, to know them who labor among you, and are over you in the Lord, and admonish you;
Even so must their wives be grave, not slanderers, sober, faithful in all things.
Rebuke not an elder, but entreat him as a father; and the younger men as brethren;
Let the elders that rule well, be counted worthy of double honor, especially they who labor in the word and doctrine.
Let the elders that rule well, be counted worthy of double honor, especially they who labor in the word and doctrine.
For this cause I left thee in Crete, that thou shouldst set in order the things that are wanting, and ordain elders in every city, as I had appointed thee:
For a bishop must be blameless, as the steward of God; not self-willed, not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not given to filthy lucre;
Remember them who have the rule over you, who have spoken to you the word of God: whose faith follow, considering the end of their manner of life.
Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give account, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable for you.
But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by heaven, neither by the earth, neither by any other oath: but let your yea, be yea: and your nay, nay; lest ye fall into condemnation.
Is any sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord:
The elders who are among you I exhort, who am also an elder, and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory that shall be revealed:
Notwithstanding, I have a few things against thee, because thou sufferest that woman Jezebel, who calleth herself a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my servants to commit lewdness, and to eat things sacrificed to idols.
And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.