Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
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beginning from the immersion of John, until the day on which He was taken up from us??hould become a witness, with us, of His resurrection."
But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and declared to them, "Men of Judaea, and all those dwelling in Jerusalem, be this known to you, and give ear to my words;
but the young men, rising up, wrapped him round; and, bearing him out, buried him.
And the twelve, having called the multitude of the disciples to them, said, "It is not proper that we, leaving the word of God, should serve tables;
which also they did, sending it to the elders through the hands of Barnabas and Saul.
But, beckoning to them with his hand to be silent, he declared to them, how the Lord brought him forth out of the prison. And he Said, "Declare these things to James, and to the brethren." And, going forth, he went to another place.
but Elymas, the sorcerer (for so his name is interpreted) withstood them, seeking to turn aside the proconsul from the faith.
But the apostles, Barnabas and Paul, hearing of it, having rent their garments, leaped forth among the multitude, crying out,
And, having appointed elders for them in every assembly; and, having prayed with fastings, they commended them to the Lord on Whom they had believed.
And the heart-knowing God bore witness to them, giving them the Holy Spirit, even as to us:
Then it seemed good to the apostles and elders, with the whole assembly, to send men, chosen from themselves, to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; Judas who is surnamed Barsabas, and Silas??eading men among the brethren;
And, having sent from Miletus to Ephesus, he called for the elders of the assembly.
Take heed to yourselves, and to all the flock in which the Holy Spirit appointed you overseers, to shepherd the assembly of God, which He purchased with His own blood.
And, on the morrow, going forth, we came to Caesarea; and, entering into the house of Philip the evangelist, who was of the seven, we abode with him. And this man had four daughters, virgins, who prophesied.
And, on the following day, Paul went in with us to James; and all the elders were present.
or he that exhorts, in his exhortation; he that imparts, let him do it with liberality; he that presides, with diligence; he that shows mercy, with cheerfulness.
I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is a servant of the assembly which is in Cenchrea;
Salute Andronicus and Junias, my kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, who, indeed, are of note among the apostles, who have been in Christ longer than I.
I speak to your shame! Is it so, that there is not among you even one wise man, who will be able to judge between his brethren?
Wherefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
But every woman, praying or prophesying with her head unveiled, dishonors her head; for it is one and the same, as if she were shaven.
Does not even nature herself teach, that, if a man have long hair, it is a dishonor to him?
And God, indeed, set some in the assembly: first, apostles; second, prophets; third, teachers; after that, miracles; then, gifts of healings, helps, governments, various kinds of tongues.
And God, indeed, set some in the assembly: first, apostles; second, prophets; third, teachers; after that, miracles; then, gifts of healings, helps, governments, various kinds of tongues.
and that He appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve,
Paul, an apostle (not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised Him from the dead),
But other of the apostles I saw not, except James, the brother of the Lord.
(for He Who wrought for Peter with regard to an apostleship of the circumcision, wrought for me also with regard to the gentiles).
having been built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the chief corner-stone;
which in other generations was not made known to the sons of men, as it was now revealed to His holy apostles and prophets in the Spirit;
And He gave some to be apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;
And He gave some to be apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;
Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:
And we beseech you, brethren, to know those who labor among you, and are over you in the Lord, and admonish you;
It is needful that their wives, in like manner, be grave, not slanderers, sober, faithful in all things.
Rebuke not an elder, but exhort him as a father; the younger men, as brethren:
Let elders who preside well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in word and teaching.
Let elders who preside well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in word and teaching.
For this cause I left you in Crete, that you should set in order the things that are lacking, and appoint elders in every city, as I directed you;
For the bishop must be blameless, as God's steward; not self-willed, not soon angry, not given to wine, not a striker, not greedy of base gain;
Remember those who are your leaders, who spake to you the word of God; and, considering the issue of whose manner of life, imitate their faith.
Obey those who are your leaders, and submit to them; for they watch in behalf of your souls, as those who are to give an account; that they may do this with joy, and not with sighing; for this would be unprofitable for you.
But above all things, my brethren, swear not, either by Heaven, or by earth, or by any other oath; but let yours be "the yes, yes," and "the no, no"; that ye fall not under condemnation.
Is anyone among you sick? let him call for the elders of the assembly; and let them pray over him, having anointed him with oil in the name of the Lord;
The elders, therefore, I exhort, who am a fellow-elder, and a witness of Christ's sufferings, also a partaker of the glory about to be revealed;
But I have it against you, that you suffer the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess; and she teaches and seduces My servants to commit fornication, and to eat idol-sacrifices.
and the wall of the city, having twelve foundations; and on them, twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.