Reference: Offerings, The
Morish
The sacrifices described in the O.T. show the ground and means of approach to God. They are all typical, having no intrinsic value, but they foreshadowed Christ, who, as antitype, fulfilled them all. The principal offerings are four: the Burnt offering, the Meat offering, the Peace offering, and the Sin offering, with which the Trespass offering may be associated. This is the order in which they are given in the opening chapters of Leviticus, where we have their significance presented from God's side, beginning with Christ in devotedness to God's glory even unto death, and coming down to the need of guilty man. If the question be of a sinner's approach to God, the sin offering must necessarily come first: the question of sin must be met for the conscience before the one who approaches can be in the position of a worshipper.
The offerings, in one respect, divide themselves into two classes, namely, the sweet-savour offerings, presented by worshippers, and the sin offerings, presented by those who having sinned needed to be restored to the position of worshippers. But even in the sin offering the fat was burnt on the brazen altar, and it is once said to be for a sweet savour (Le 4:31), thus forming a link with the burnt offering. The sweet-savour offerings represent Christ's perfect offering of Himself to God, rather than the laying of sins on the substitute by Jehovah.
The various kinds and the sex of the animals presented in the sin offerings are proportioned to the measure of responsibility in Lev. 4, and to the offerer's ability in Lev. 5. Thus the priest or the whole congregation for a sin offering had to bring a bullock, but a goat or a lamb sufficed for one of the people. In the sweet-savour offerings the offerer was left free to choose a victim, and the different value of the animals offered gave evidence to the measure of appreciation of the sacrifice: thus if a rich man brought a sheep instead of a bullock, it would show that he undervalued the privileges within his reach.
The blood was sprinkled and poured out: it might not be eaten; the blood was the life, and God claimed it: cf. Le 17:11. The fat of the offerings was always to be burnt, for it represented the spontaneous and energetic action of the heart of Christ godward. Ps 40:7-8. Leaven, which always signifies what is human and hence evil (for if the human element is introduced into and works in the things of God it is evil), might never be burnt on the altar to God, nor be in any of the offerings except in one special form of the meat offering (Le 23:16-21), and in the bread accompanying a peace offering. Le 7:13. Honey was forbidden in the meat offering, as denoting mere human sweetness. Salt was to be added to the meat offering and used in the corbans. Le 2:13; Eze 43:24. Salt is preservative and gives a savour. Nu 18:19; 2Ch 13:5; Col 4:6. The breast of the victim may be taken as emblematic of love, and the shoulder of strength.
The principal Hebrew words used in reference to the offerings are:
1. Olah, Alah, from 'to make to ascend.' Translated burnt offering.
2. Minchah, from 'a present, gift, oblation.' Translated meat offering. Others prefer to translate it meal offering.
3. Shelem, from 'to be whole, complete,' to be at peace, in friendship with any one. Translated peace offering. The ordinary form is plural, and may be rendered 'prosperities offering.'
4. Chattath, from 'to sin.' Constantly translated sin offering.
5. Asham, from 'to be guilty.' Translated trespass offering.
6. Tenuphah, from 'to lift up and down, wave.' Translated wave offering.
7. Terumah, from 'to be lifted up.' Translated heave offering.
As to the burning of the sacrifices different Hebrew words are employed. Besides the word alah, mentioned above, the word qatar is commonly used for burning on the altar: it signifies 'to burn incense,' 'to fumigate.' But where the carcase of the sin offering was burnt, the word used is saraph, which signifies 'to burn up, consume.' Thus what ascends as a sweet savour is distinguished from what is consumed under the judgement of God.
THE BURNT OFFERING. This is typical of Christ presenting Himself according to the divine will for the accomplishment of the purpose and maintenance of the glory of God where sin was taken account of. In the type the victim and the offerer were essentially distinct, but in Christ the two were necessarily combined. The burnt offering, where not specifically prescribed, was brought for a man's acceptance. The expression "of his own voluntary will " in Le 1:3 is better translated, "He shall offer it for his acceptance." The victim might be a male of the herd, or a sheep or a goat of the flock, or be turtle doves or young pigeons, according to the ability of the offerer, or the appreciation he had of the offering. These offerings were different in degree, but the same in kind. The male is the highest type of offering: no female is mentioned in the burnt offering.
After the offerer had laid his hands on the victim, he killed it (except in the case of birds, which the priest killed). From Leviticus 1 it would appear that the offerer also flayed it, cut it in pieces, and washed the inward parts and legs in water; but the expressions can be taken in an impersonal sense, 'Let it be flayed,' etc., and these acts may have been done by the priests or the Levites. (The Levites flayed the sacrifices in 2Ch 29:34, when the priests were too few.) The priest sprinkled the blood round about upon the altar, and, except the skin which was the priest's, the whole of the animal was burnt as a sweet savour on the altar. It made atonement for the offerer, who found acceptance in its value. It was typical of Christ's perfect offering up of Himself, being tested in His inmost parts by the searching fire of divine judgement. Lev. 1. (This aspect of the cross is seen in such passages as Php 2:8; Joh 10:14-17; 13:31; 17:4; Ro 5:18, etc.)
Leviticus 6 gives the law of the burnt offering. "It is the burnt offering because of the burning upon the altar all night unto the morning, and the fire of the altar shall be burning in it . . . . it shall not be put out." This refers to the morning and evening lambs; they formed a perpetual burnt offering. Ex 29:38-41. It is to be remarked that it was "all night unto the morning" (although it was perpetual), doubtless to point out that Christ is for Israel ever a sweet savour to God, even during the present period of Israel's darkness and forgetfulness. Aaron had to put on his linen garments to remove the ashes from the altar to 'the place of ashes' beside the altar: he then changed his dress and carried the ashes outside the camp. The ashes were the proof that the sacrifice had been completely accepted (Ps 20:3, margin. In 'the morning' Israel will know that their acceptance and blessing is through the work of their Messiah on the cross. The daily sacrifice was offered by the priest as acting for the whole nation, and presented typically the ground of its blessings and privileges. Hence faith made much of it. Ezr 3:3; Da 8:11,13,26; 9:27.
THE MEAT OFFERING. In Lev. 2 the intrinsic character of this offering is given, though in offering the burnt offering a meat offering was added. Here was no blood-shedding, and consequently no atonement. The burnt offering typified the Lord Jesus in devotedness to death; the meat offering represents Him in His life
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Jacob set up a pillar at the place where God had spoken with him, a pillar of stone. And he poured out a drink offering upon it, and poured oil on it.
"And one loaf of bread and one ring-shaped bread cake of oiled bread and one wafer from the basket of unleavened bread that [is] before Yahweh-- you will put [them] all on the palms of Aaron and on the palms of his sons, and you will wave them as a wave offering before Yahweh. read more. And you will take them from their hand and turn [them] to smoke on the altar beside the burnt offering as a fragrance of appeasement before Yahweh; it is an offering made by fire before Yahweh. "And you will take the breast section from the ram of ordination that [is] for Aaron, and you will wave it [as] a wave offering before Yahweh. It will be your portion. And you will consecrate the wave offering breast section and the thigh of the contribution that was waved and that was presented from the ram of the ordination that [is] for Aaron and for his sons. And it will be for Aaron and for his sons as a lasting rule from the {Israelites}, because it is a contribution, and it will be a contribution from the {Israelites} from their sacrifices of fellowship, their contribution to Yahweh.
"And this is what you shall offer on the altar: Two {one-year-old} male lambs {every day} continually. The first lamb you will offer in the morning, and the second lamb you will offer {at twilight}. read more. And a tenth of finely milled flour mixed with a fourth of a hin of beaten oil, and a fourth of a hin of wine as a libation with the first lamb.
And a tenth of finely milled flour mixed with a fourth of a hin of beaten oil, and a fourth of a hin of wine as a libation with the first lamb. And the second lamb you will offer {at twilight}; you will offer a grain offering and its libation like that of the morning for a fragrance of appeasement, an offering made by fire for Yahweh.
And the second lamb you will offer {at twilight}; you will offer a grain offering and its libation like that of the morning for a fragrance of appeasement, an offering made by fire for Yahweh.
If his offering [is] a burnt offering from the cattle, [then] he must present an unblemished male; he must present it at the door of the tent of assembly for his acceptance {before} Yahweh.
Also all of your grain offerings you must season with salt; you must not omit the salt of your God's covenant from your offering.
He must remove all of its fat {just as} [the] fat was removed from the fellowship offerings' sacrifice, and the priest shall turn [it] into smoke on the altar as an appeasing fragrance for Yahweh. The priest shall make atonement for him, and {he will be forgiven}.
He must remove all of its fat {just as} [the] fat was removed from the fellowship offerings' sacrifice, and the priest shall turn [it] into smoke on the altar as an appeasing fragrance for Yahweh. The priest shall make atonement for him, and {he will be forgiven}.
" 'When a person sins in that he hears [the] utterance of a curse and he [is] a witness or he sees or he knows, if he does not make [it] known, then he shall bear his guilt. Or if a person touches anything unclean, {whether} an unclean [wild] animal's dead body or an unclean domestic animal's dead body or an unclean swarmer's dead body, but {he is unaware of it}, he [is] unclean and he is guilty. read more. Or when he touches human uncleanness, {namely} any uncleanness of his by which he might become unclean, but {he is unaware of it}, and he himself finds out, then he will be guilty. Or when a person swears, speaking thoughtlessly with [his] lips, to do evil or to do good {with regard to} anything that {the person} in a sworn oath speaks thoughtlessly, but {he is unaware of it}, he will be guilty {in any of} these. When he becomes guilty {in any of} these, he shall confess what he has sinned {regarding} it, and he shall bring his guilt offering to Yahweh for his sin that he has {committed}: a female from the flock, a ewe-lamb or {a she-goat}, as a sin offering, and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin.
and he shall bring his guilt offering to Yahweh for his sin that he has {committed}: a female from the flock, a ewe-lamb or {a she-goat}, as a sin offering, and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin. " 'If {he cannot afford a sheep}, he shall bring [as] his guilt offering [for] what he sinned two turtledoves or two {young doves} for Yahweh, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering.
" 'If {he cannot afford a sheep}, he shall bring [as] his guilt offering [for] what he sinned two turtledoves or two {young doves} for Yahweh, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering. He shall bring them to the priest, and he shall present that which [is] for the sin offering first, and [the priest] shall wring its head off {at the back of its neck}, but he must not sever [it],
He shall bring them to the priest, and he shall present that which [is] for the sin offering first, and [the priest] shall wring its head off {at the back of its neck}, but he must not sever [it], and he shall spatter {some of} the sin offering's blood on the altar's side, and the leftover blood must be drained out on the altar's base; it [is] a sin offering.
and he shall spatter {some of} the sin offering's blood on the altar's side, and the leftover blood must be drained out on the altar's base; it [is] a sin offering. The second [bird] he must prepare [as] a burnt offering according to the regulation, and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin that he has {committed}, and he shall be forgiven. read more. " 'But if {he cannot afford} two turtledoves or two {young doves}, then, because he has sinned, he shall bring [as] his offering a tenth of an ephah [of] finely milled flour as a sin offering. He must not put oil on it, nor should he put frankincense on it, because it [is] a sin offering. He shall bring it to the priest, and the priest {shall take a handful of it} [for] its token portion, and he shall turn it to smoke on the altar {in addition to} the offerings made by fire [to] Yahweh; it [is] a sin offering. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him because of the sin that he has {committed} {in any of these}, and he shall be forgiven. It shall be for the priest, like the grain offering.'"
" 'And this [is] the regulation of the grain offering. Aaron's sons shall present it {before} Yahweh {in front of} the altar, and he in his fist shall take away from it {some of} the grain offering's finely milled flour, and {some of} its oil and all of the frankincense that [is] on the grain offering, and he shall turn into smoke its token portion on the altar [as] an appeasing fragrance to Yahweh. read more. And Aaron and his sons must eat the remainder of it; they must eat it [as] unleavened bread in a holy place--in the tent of assembly's courtyard they must eat it. It must not be baked [with] yeast. I have given it [as] their share from my offerings made by fire. It [is] {a most holy thing}, like the sin offering and like the guilt offering. Every male among Aaron's sons may eat it [as] a lasting rule among your generations from the offerings made by fire {belonging to} Yahweh. Anything that touches them will become holy.'"
" 'And this [is] the regulation of the fellowship offerings that he must present to Yahweh: If he presents it for thanksgiving, in addition to the thanksgiving sacrifice he shall present ring-shaped unleavened bread mixed with oil and unleavened bread wafers smeared with oil and well-mixed ring-shaped bread cakes of finely milled flour mixed with oil. read more. In addition to ring-shaped cakes of bread [with] yeast, he must present his [grain] offering together with his sacrifice of thanksgiving peace offerings.
In addition to ring-shaped cakes of bread [with] yeast, he must present his [grain] offering together with his sacrifice of thanksgiving peace offerings. And he shall present one of each kind of [grain] offering [as] a contribution for Yahweh; {it belongs to} the priest who sprinkles the fellowship offerings' blood. read more. And the meat of the sacrifice of his thanksgiving fellowship offerings must be eaten on the day of his offering; he must not leave it until morning. " 'But if his sacrifice [is] [for] a vow or [as] a freewill offering, it must be eaten on the day of his presenting his sacrifice, and on the next day the remainder from it may be eaten, but the remainder from the sacrifice's meat must be burned up in the fire on the third day. And if indeed some of the meat of his fellowship offerings' sacrifice is eaten on the third day, it will not be accepted; it will not be considered [of benefit] for the one who presented it--it shall be unclean [meat], and the person who eats it shall bear his guilt. And the meat that touches anything unclean must not be eaten; it must be burned with fire, and as for the [clean] meat, anyone who is clean may eat the meat. And the person who eats meat from the fellowship offerings' sacrifice, which [is] for Yahweh, and whose uncleanness [is] upon him--that person shall be cut off from his people. And when a person touches anything unclean, [whether] human uncleanness or an unclean animal or any unclean detestable thing, and he eats from the meat of the fellowship offerings' sacrifice, which [is] for Yahweh, then that person shall be cut off from his people.'"
Then Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, "Speak to the {Israelites}, saying, 'The one who presents his fellowship offerings' sacrifice for Yahweh shall bring his offering to Yahweh from his fellowship offerings' sacrifice. read more. His [own] hands must bring Yahweh's offerings made by fire. He must bring the fat in addition to the breast section to wave the breast section [as] a wave offering before Yahweh,
His [own] hands must bring Yahweh's offerings made by fire. He must bring the fat in addition to the breast section to wave the breast section [as] a wave offering before Yahweh, and the priest shall turn the fat into smoke on the altar, and the breast section shall be for Aaron and his sons.
and the priest shall turn the fat into smoke on the altar, and the breast section shall be for Aaron and his sons. And the right upper thigh you must give [as] a contribution for the priest from your fellowship offerings' sacrifice.
And the right upper thigh you must give [as] a contribution for the priest from your fellowship offerings' sacrifice. [As for] the one from Aaron's sons who presents the blood of the fellowship offerings and the fat, the right upper thigh {shall belong to him} [as] his share,
[As for] the one from Aaron's sons who presents the blood of the fellowship offerings and the fat, the right upper thigh {shall belong to him} [as] his share, because I have taken the wave offering's breast section and the contribution [offering's] upper thigh from the {Israelites} out of their fellowship offerings' sacrifices, and I have given them to Aaron the priest and his sons from the {Israelites} [as] a lasting rule.'"
because I have taken the wave offering's breast section and the contribution [offering's] upper thigh from the {Israelites} out of their fellowship offerings' sacrifices, and I have given them to Aaron the priest and his sons from the {Israelites} [as] a lasting rule.'"
Indeed the flesh's life [is] in the blood, and I have given it to you on the altar to make atonement for your lives, because it [is] the blood with the life that makes atonement.
Until {the day after} the seventh Sabbath you shall count fifty days; then you shall present a new grain offering for Yahweh. You shall bring from your dwellings for a wave offering two [loaves of] bread {made with} two-tenths [of an ephah] of finely milled flour; they must be baked with leaven--[the] firstfruits {belonging to} Yahweh.
You shall bring from your dwellings for a wave offering two [loaves of] bread {made with} two-tenths [of an ephah] of finely milled flour; they must be baked with leaven--[the] firstfruits {belonging to} Yahweh. And, in addition to the bread, you shall present seven {yearling} male lambs without defects and one {young bull} and two rams--they shall be a burnt offering for Yahweh with their grain offering and their libations, an offering made by fire, an appeasing fragrance for Yahweh. read more. And you shall {offer} one he-goat as a sin offering and two {yearling} male lambs as a sacrifice of fellowship offerings And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits [as] a wave offering {before} Yahweh; in addition to [the] two male lambs, they shall be holy for Yahweh for the priest. And {you shall make a proclamation} on {this very same day}; it shall be a holy assembly for you; you shall not do {any regular work}; [this is] a {lasting statute} in all your dwellings throughout your generations
On the eighth day he will bring two turtledoves or two {young pigeons} to the priest by the doorway of the tent of assembly, and the priest will offer one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering, and he will make atonement for him because he sinned concerning the corpse. He will consecrate his head on that day. read more. He will rededicate to Yahweh the days of his separation and bring a ram-lamb {in its first year} as a guilt offering. The former days [of his vow] will fall away because his separation was defiled.
Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, "Speak to the {Israelites} and say to them, 'When you come into the land of your dwellings that I [am about] to give to you, read more. you will make an offering by fire for Yahweh from the cattle or from the flock, a burnt offering or a sacrifice to fulfill a vow, or as a freewill offering or at your feasts, to make a fragrance of appeasement for Yahweh. And the one who presents an offering for Yahweh, he will present a grain offering [of] finely milled flour; a tenth will be mixed with a fourth of the liquid measure [of] oil; and you will add a fourth of wine for the libation upon the burnt offering, or to the sacrifice for each ram-lamb. Or for the ram you will make a grain offering [of] two-tenths of finely milled flour mixed into a third of a liquid measure of oil. You will present a third of the liquid measure of wine for the libation, a fragrance of appeasement for Yahweh. When you prepare {a bull} as a burnt offering or a sacrifice to fulfill a vow or fellowship offering for Yahweh, you will present with {the bull} a grain offering of three-tenths [of] finely milled flour mixed with half a liquid measure of oil, and you will present half a liquid measure of wine as a libation, as an offering made by fire, a fragrance of appeasement for Yahweh. " 'This is how it should be done for each bull, or for the each ram, or for the small four-footed mammal, or ram-lambs, or goats.
All the contributions of holiness that the {Israelites} offer to Yahweh I have given to you and your sons and your daughters with you as an eternal decree; it [is] an eternal covenant of salt {before} Yahweh to you and your offspring with you."
A clean man will gather the ashes of the heifer, and he will put [them] in a clean {place outside the camp}; it will be for the community of the {Israelites} as a requirement for waters of impurity; it [is] a purification [offering].
For the unclean [person] they will take from the powder of the {burnt purification offering}, and they will put running water into a container.
The libation with it [will be] a fourth of a liquid measure for each male lamb; in the sanctuary you will pour out the libation of fermented drink for Yahweh.
Their libations will be half a liquid measure of wine for the bull and a third of a liquid measure of wine for the ram and a fourth of a liquid measure of wine for the male lamb; this [is] the burnt offering for every month for the months of the year.
But the priests were too few, and they were not able to offer all the burnt offerings, so their brothers, the Levites, strengthened them to finish the work, and until the [rest of] the priests consecrated themselves. (For the Levites [were] {more conscientious} to sanctify themselves than the priests.)
They set up the altar on its foundations, because {they were in terror} because of the peoples of the lands. And they offered burnt offerings on it for Yahweh, burnt offerings for the morning and the evening.
May he remember all your offerings, and your burnt offering may he {regard favorably}.
Then I said, "Look, I come. In [the] scroll of [the] book it is written concerning me: 'I delight to do your will, O my God, and your law [is] {deep within me}.'"
And you must bring them near {before} Yahweh, and the priests must throw salt on them, and they must offer them [as] a burnt offering to Yahweh.
Even against the prince of the hosts it acted arrogantly and took away from him the regular burnt offering, and the place of his sanctuary was overthrown.
And I heard a certain holy one speaking, and a certain other holy one said to the specific one {who was speaking}, "{For how long} [is] the vision [concerning] the regular burnt offering, and the transgression [that] makes desolate, and [the] giving over [of the] sanctuary and [the] host to trampling?"
And the vision of the evening and the morning that has been {described}, it [is] true; and you, seal [up] the vision, for {it refers to many days to come}."
And he will make a strong covenant with the many [for] one week, but [in] half of the week he will let cease sacrifice and offering {and in its place} a desolating abomination [comes] even until {the determined complete destruction} is poured out on [the] desolator."
"I am the good shepherd, and I know my [own], and my [own] know me, just as the Father knows me and I know the Father, and I lay down my life for the sheep. read more. And I have other sheep which are not from this fold. I must bring these also, and they will hear my voice, and they will become one flock--one shepherd. Because of this the Father loves me, because I lay down my life so that I may take possession of it again.
Then, when he had gone out, Jesus said, "Now the Son of Man is glorified, and God is glorified in him.
I have glorified you on earth [by] completing the work that you have given me {to do}.
Consequently therefore, as through one trespass [came] condemnation to all people, so also through one righteous deed [came] justification of life to all people.
Therefore I exhort you, brothers, through the mercies of God, to present your bodies [as] a living sacrifice, holy [and] pleasing to God, [which is] your reasonable service.
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ?
he humbled himself [by] becoming obedient to the point of death, that is, death on a cross.
But even if I am being poured out as a drink offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I rejoice and rejoice with all of you.
But I have received everything [in full] and have an abundance; {I am well supplied} [because] I received from Epaphroditus {what you had sent}, a fragrant offering, an acceptable sacrifice, well-pleasing to God.
Let your speech always [be] with grace, seasoned with salt, so that [you] may know how it is necessary for you to answer each one.
Therefore through him let us offer up a sacrifice of praise {continually} to God, that is, the fruit of lips that confess his name. And do not neglect doing good and generosity, for God is pleased with such sacrifices.
And [you] yourselves, as living stones, are being built up [as] a spiritual house for a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.
If we say that we do not have sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us.
We have come to know love by this: that {he} laid down his life on behalf of us, and we ought to lay down our lives on behalf of the brothers.