Reference: Purification
Easton
the process by which a person unclean, according to the Levitical law, and thereby cut off from the sanctuary and the festivals, was restored to the enjoyment of all these privileges.
The great annual purification of the people was on the Day of Atonement (q.v.).
But in the details of daily life there were special causes of cermonial uncleanness which were severally provided for by ceremonial laws enacted for each separate case. For example, the case of the leper (Le 13; 13:14), and of the house defiled by leprosy (Le 14:49-53; see also Mt 8:2-4). Uncleanness from touching a dead body (Nu 19:11; Ho 9:4; Hag 2:13; Mt 23:27; Lu 11:44). The case of the high priest and of the Nazarite (Le 21:1-4,10-11; Nu 6:6-7; Eze 44:25). Purification was effected by bathing and washing the clothes (Le 14:8-9); by washing the hands (De 21:6; Mt 27:24); washing the hands and feet (Ex 30:18-21; Heb 6:2, "baptisms", R.V. marg., "washings;" Heb 9:10); sprinkling with blood and water (Ex 24:5-8; Heb 9:19), etc. Allusions to this rite are found in Ps 26:6; 51:7; Eze 36:25; Heb 10:22.
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And he sent the young men of the sons of Israel, who had offered burnt offerings and sacrificed peace offerings of bullocks unto the LORD. And Moses took half of the blood and put it in basins, and half of the blood he sprinkled on the altar. read more. And he took the book of the covenant and read in the audience of the people, and they said, All that the LORD has said we will do, and we will hear. Then Moses took the blood and sprinkled it on the people and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the LORD has made with you concerning all these words.
Thou shalt also make a laver of brass, and its base also of brass, to wash with; and thou shalt place it between the tabernacle of the testimony and the altar, and thou shalt put water in it. And from it Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet. read more. When they go into the tabernacle of the testimony, they shall wash with water that they not die, or when they come near to the altar to minister, to burn the offering unto the LORD that must be consumed by fire, they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they not die. And he and his seed shall have it as a perpetual statute throughout their generations.
And he that is to be purified shall wash his clothes and shave off all his hair and wash himself with water, and he shall be clean; and after that he shall come into the camp and shall dwell outside of his tent seven days. But it shall be that on the seventh day he shall shave all his hair off his head and his beard and his eyebrows; finally he shall shave off all his hair, and he shall wash his clothes; also he shall wash his flesh in water, and he shall be clean.
Then to remove the sin from the house he shall take two birds and cedar wood and scarlet and hyssop, and he shall kill the one of the birds in an earthen vessel over living water, read more. and he shall take the cedar wood and the hyssop and the scarlet and the living bird and dip them all in the blood of the slain bird and in the living water and sprinkle the house seven times. And he shall remove the sin from the house with the blood of the bird and with the living water and with the living bird and with the cedar wood and with the hyssop and with the scarlet. Then he shall let go the living bird out of the city into the open fields; and thus shall he reconcile the house, and it shall be clean.
And the LORD said unto Moses, Speak unto the priests, the sons of Aaron, and tell them to not be defiled for the dead among his people. But for his kin, that is near unto him, that is, for his mother and for his father and for his son and for his daughter and for his brother read more. and for his virgin sister, that is near unto him, who has had no husband; for her he may be defiled. He shall not defile himself for the prince among his people, to profane himself.
And he that is the high priest among his brethren, upon whose head the anointing oil was poured and that is consecrated to put on the garments, shall not uncover his head nor rend his clothes; neither shall he go in to any dead body, nor defile himself for his father or for his mother;
All the days that they separate themselves unto the LORD they shall come in unto no dead body. They shall not make themselves unclean for their father or for their mother, for their brother or for their sister, when they die because the consecration of their God is upon their head.
He that touches the dead body of any human person shall be unclean seven days.
And all the elders of that closest city next to the dead man shall wash their hands over the heifer that is beheaded in the valley.
I will wash my hands in innocency, so I will walk near unto thine altar, O LORD:
Remove the sin in me with hyssop, and I shall be clean; wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow.
And I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be cleansed from all your filthiness, and from all your idols I will cleanse you.
And they shall come near no dead person to defile themselves; but for father, or for mother, or for son, or for daughter, for brother, or for sister that has had no husband, they may defile themselves.
They shall not pour out wine unto the LORD, neither shall he take pleasure in their sacrifices; as the bread of mourners shall they be unto them; all that eat thereof shall be polluted; for their bread shall not enter into the house of the LORD because of their soul.
Then Haggai said, If one that is unclean by a dead body touches any of these, shall it be unclean? And the priests answered and said, It shall be unclean.
And, behold, a leper came and worshipped him, saying, Lord, if thou art willing, thou art able to cleanse me. And Jesus put forth his hand, and touched him, saying, I will; be thou clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed. read more. Then Jesus said unto him, See thou tell no one; but go, show thyself to the priest and offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony unto them.
Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whitewashed sepulchres, who indeed appear beautiful outside, but inside are full of dead men's bones and of all uncleanness.
When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that rather a tumult was made, he took water and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person; see ye to it.
Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are as graves which are not seen, and the men that walk over them are not aware of them.
of the doctrine of the baptisms, and of the laying on of hands, and of the resurrection of the dead, and of eternal judgment.
but in foods and drinks and different washings and carnal ordinances, imposed on them until the time of correction.
For when Moses had read every commandment of the law to all the people, taking the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, he sprinkled both the book and all the people,
let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts purified from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water;
Fausets
The outward purification with water, symbolizing man's need of inward purity before admission into God's presence. (See LEPER; PRIEST; BIRTH; NAZARITE.) Le 11:25,40; 12:6,8/type/j2000'>8,8/type/j2000'>8; Lu 2:22-24; Numbers 19; 31. See HEIFER; RED.) Heb 9:13.) The rabbis multiplied unauthorized purifications, e.g. cups, pots, couches. etc. (Mr 7:3; Joh 2:6.)
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And whoever bears any part of their carcase shall wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening.
and he that eats of the carcase of it shall wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening; likewise he that bears the carcase of it shall wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening.
And when the days of her purifying are fulfilled for a son or for a daughter, she shall bring a lamb of the first year for a burnt offering and a young pigeon or a turtledove as sin, unto the door of the tabernacle of the testimony, unto the priest,
And if she is not able to bring a lamb, then she shall bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons: the one for the burnt offering and the other as sin; and the priest shall reconcile her, and she shall be clean.
And if she is not able to bring a lamb, then she shall bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons: the one for the burnt offering and the other as sin; and the priest shall reconcile her, and she shall be clean.
(For the Pharisees and all the Jews, unless they wash their hands often, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders.
And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord (as it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord) read more. and to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons.
And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece.
For if the blood of bulls and of goats and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctified to the purifying of the flesh,
Hastings
Morish
In the law there were many ceremonial defilements, each of which had its appointed purification. To these the scribes and Pharisees added others, such as washing the hands before eating, washing cups and plates
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who upon seeing some of his disciples eat bread with common, that is to say, with unwashed, hands, they condemned them. (For the Pharisees and all the Jews, unless they wash their hands often, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders. read more. And when they come from the market, unless they wash, they eat not. And there are many other things which they took upon themselves to hold such as the washing of cups and pots, brasen vessels and of tables.) Then the Pharisees and scribes asked him, Why do thy disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders but eat bread with unwashed hands? He answered and said unto them, Well has Esaias prophesied of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honours me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. Howbeit in vain do they honor me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men. For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men as the washing of pots and cups, and many other such like things ye do.
and put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.
how much more shall the blood of the Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from the works of death to serve the living God?
Draw near to God, and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye double minded.
Having purified your souls in the obedience of the truth, by the Spirit, in unfeigned brotherly love, love one another with a pure heart fervently,
Smith
Purification,
in its legal and technical sense, is applied to the ritual observances whereby an Israelite was formally absolved from the taint of uncleanness. The essence of purification, in all eases, consisted in the use of water, whether by way of ablution or aspersion; but in the majora delicta of legal uncleanness, sacrifices of various kinds were added and the ceremonies throughout bore an expiatory character. Ablution of the person and of the clothes was required in the cases mentioned in
In cases of childbirth the sacrifice was increased to a lamb of the first year, with a pigeon or turtle-dove.
The ceremonies of purification required in cases of contact with a corpse or a grave are detailed in
... The purification of the leper was a yet more formal proceeding, and indicated the highest pitch of uncleanness. The rites are described in
The necessity of purification was extended in the post-Babylonian Period to a variety of unauthorized cases. Cups and pots and brazen vessels were washed as a matter of ritual observance.
The washing of the hands before meals was conducted in a formal manner.
What play have been the specific causes of uncleanness in those who came up to purify themselves before the Passover,
Joh 11:55
or in those who had taken upon themselves the Nazarites' vow,
we are not informed. In conclusion it may he observed that the distinctive feature. In the Mosaic rites of purification is their expiatory character. The idea of uncleanness was not peculiar to the Jew; but with all other nations simple ablution sufficed: no sacrifices were demanded. The Jew alone was taught by the use of expiatory offerings to discern to its fullest extent the connection between the outward sign and the inward fount of impurity.
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And if she is not able to bring a lamb, then she shall bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons: the one for the burnt offering and the other as sin; and the priest shall reconcile her, and she shall be clean.
(For the Pharisees and all the Jews, unless they wash their hands often, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders. And when they come from the market, unless they wash, they eat not. And there are many other things which they took upon themselves to hold such as the washing of cups and pots, brasen vessels and of tables.)
And the passover of the Jews was now at hand, and many went out of the country up to Jerusalem before the passover to purify themselves;
them take, and purify thyself with them, and pay their expenses, that they may shave their heads, and all may know that those things, of which they were informed concerning thee, are nothing, but that thou thyself dost also walk orderly and keep the law.
Then Paul took the men and the next day, purifying himself with them, entered into the temple to signify the accomplishment of the days of purification until an offering should be offered for each one of them.