Reference: Rock
Hastings
strength, security, height, etc. (cf. Stanley, P Sinai and Palestine, Appendix). The rocks named in OT are Oreb (Jg 7:25; Isa 10:26), Etam (Jg 15:8), Rimmon (Jg 20:45; 21:13), the crags Bozez and Seneh (1Sa 14:4), Sela-hammahlekoth (1Sa 23:28). In 2Ki 14:7; Isa 16:1; 42:11 'the Rock' (RV 'Sela') is a proper name. Sela or Petra, the rock-city par excellence; in Jg 1:36 (Revised Version margin 'Sela') the identification is doubtful; es-Safieh, 'a bare and dazzling white sandstone promontory 1000 ft. high,' near the south of the Dead Sea, is probably intended. Rocks were the haunt of the eagle (Job 39:28), of the wild goat (v. 1), or the coney (Pr 30:28); cf. Ps 104:18; 30:12 refers to the mysterious gliding of the serpent over a rock; Am 6:12, to the proverbial impossibility of horses running over crags. De 32:13 emphasizes the fact that in Palestine even the rocks are the home of bees (Ps 81:16; Isa 7:19), and the rocky soil produces olives (Job 29:6). Besides this natural marvel, we have the miracles of Ex 17:6; Nu 20:8 etc. In 1Co 10:4 St. Paul follows a wide-spread Jewish hagg
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Behold me! standing before thee, there upon the rock in Horeb, then shalt thou smite the rock and there shall come forth therefrom water, and the people shall drink. And Moses did so, in the sight of the elders of Israel.
These, then, are the names of the men who shall stand with you, - Of Reuben, Elizur, son of Shedeur; Of Simeon, Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai;
Of the sons of Joseph, - Of Ephraim, Elishama son of Ammihud; Of Manasseh, Gamaliel, son of Pedahzur;
And the prince of the ancestral house of the families of Merari, was Zuriel son of Abihail, - on the side of the habitation, were they to encamp northward.
Take the staff and gather together the assembly, thou, and Aaron thy brother, then shall ye speak unto the cliff before their eyes and it shall give forth it waters, - so shalt thou bring forth unto them water, out of the cliff, and shalt cause the assembly, and their cattle to drink.
And when he saw the Kenite, he took up hi parable, and said, - Enduring thy dwelling-place, Set thou then in the crag, thy nest;
And in Seir, dwelt the Horim aforetime, but, the sons of Esau, dispossessed them, and destroyed them from before them, and dwelt in their stead, - as did Israel unto the land of his own possession, which Yahweh had given unto them.
A Rock! faultless his work, For, all his ways, are just, A GOD of faithfulness and without perversity, Right and fair, is he!
He made him ride on the high places of the land, Caused him to eat the increase of the fields, - And gave him to suck honey out of the cliff, And oil out of the rock of flint:
And, the boundary of the Amorites, was from the ascent of Akrabbim, from Sela and upwards.
And the messenger of God said unto him - Take the flesh and the cakes, and set them on this crag, and, the broth, do thou pour out. And he did so.
Then shalt thou build an altar, unto Yahweh thy God, on the top of this fort, with the pile, - and shalt take the second bullock, and cause it to go up as an ascending-sacrifice, with the wood of the sacred stem which thou shalt cut down.
And they captured the two princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb, and slew Oreb at Oreb's Rock, and, Zeeb, they slew at Zeeb's Winepress, and pursued Midian, - and, the heads of Oreb and Zeeb, brought they in unto Gideon at the ford of the Jordan.
But the messenger of Yahweh said unto Manoah - Though thou detain me, yet will I not eat of thy food, and, though thou make ready an ascending-sacrifice, unto Yahweh, must thou cause it to ascend. For Manoah had not discerned that, the angel of Yahweh, he was.
So he smote them, leg on thigh, with a great smiting, - and went down and dwelt in a cleft of the crag Etam.
And, when they turned and fled towards the desert unto the cliff Rimmon, then gleaned they of them, in the highways, five thousand men, - and they followed hard after them as far as Gidom, and smote of them, two thousand men.
Then the whole assembly sent, and spake unto the sons of Benjamin, who were in the cliff Rimmon, - and proclaimed to them, peace.
And, between the passes by which Jonathan sought to cross over up to the garrison of the Philistines, there was a crag of rock on the one side, and a crag of rock on the other side; and, the name of the one, was Bozez, and the name of the other, Seneh.
Then returned Saul from pursuing David, and departed to meet the Philistines, - for which cause, they called that place Sela-hammahlekoth "the Cliff of Separation".
So the king took the two sons of Rizpah daughter of Aiah, whom she had borne to Saul, even Armoni and Mephibosheth, - and the five sons of Michal daughter of Saul, whom she had borne to Adriel son of Barzillai, the Meholathite;
Then Rizpah daughter of Aiah, took sackcloth, and spread it out for herself, on the rock, from the beginning of harvest, until water poured out upon them from the heavens, - and suffered neither the birds of the heavens to rest on them by day, nor the wild beasts of the field, to devour them by night.
And he said - Go forth to-morrow, and stand in the mountain, before Yahweh. And lo! Yahweh, passing by, and a great and strong wind - rending the mountains, and breaking in pieces the crags, before Yahweh, Not, in the wind, was, Yahweh, - And, after the wind, an, earthquake, Not, in the earthquake, was, Yahweh;
He, smote Edom, in the valley of salt, ten thousand, and seized Sela, in the war, - and called the name thereof Joktheel, as it is until this day.
and the sons of Judah took captive, ten thousand alive, and brought to the top of the crag, - and cast them down from the top of the crag, and, all of them, were torn asunder.
But, in very deed, a mountain falling, will lie prostrate, or, a rock moved out of its place:
That, with a stylus of iron and with lead, for all time - in the rock, they could be graven!
With the sweeping rain of the mountains, are they wet, and, through having no shelter, they embrace a rock.
Upon the flint, hath he thrust forth his hand, He hath turned up mountains by the roots;
When my steps were bathed in milk, and, the rock, poured out beside me, rivulets of oil:
The crag, he inhabiteth, and so lodgeth himself, on the tooth of the crag, and high fort;
Yahweh, was my mountain crag and my stronghold, and my deliverer: My GOD, was my rock, I sought refuge in him, My shield, and my horn of salvation, my high tower.
For he will hide me in his pavilion, in the day of calamity, - He will conceal me, in the secrecy of his tent, Within a rock, will he set me on high.
To the end that mine honour should make melody unto thee, and not be silent. O Yahweh, my God! Unto times age-abiding, will I praise thee.
So he brought me up, Out of the destroying pit, Out of the swampy mire, - And set, upon a cliff, my feet, Making firm my steps:
Then would he feed them from the marrow of the wheat, Yea, out of the rock - with honey, would I satisfy thee.
Come, let us make a joyful noise to Yahweh, Let us shout in triumph, to the rock of our salvation!
The lizard, with hands, reneweth its hold, - yet, the same, is in the palaces of the king.
And they shall enter into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of clay, - Because of the terribleness of Yahweh, And for his majestic splendour, When he ariseth to shake terribly the earth.
And they shall all of them come and settle down - In the desolate torrent-valleys, And in the rents of the crags, - And on all the thorn-bushes, And on all the pastures,
So shall he become a hallowed asylum, - But a stone to strike against, and a rock to stumble over unto both houses of Israel A trap and a snare to the dweller in Jerusalem;
And Yahweh of hosts, will brandish over him, a scourge - Like the smiting of Midian at the rock Oreb, - And his staff being over the sea, He will lift it up in the manner of Egypt;
Send ye the lamb due to the ruler of the land, From Sela towards the desert, - Unto the mount of the daughter of Zion;
Because thou didst forget the God of thy salvation, And thy Rock of refuge, thou didst not remember, For this cause, shalt thou plant very pleasant plants, And, the slip of a stranger, shalt thou set:
What doest thou here? And whom hast thou here? That thou hast hewn for thyself here a sepulchre, - As one hewing on high his sepulchre, Cutting out in the cliff a habitation for himself?
Therefore, Thus, saith My Lord, Yahweh, Behold me! founding in Zion a stone, A stone of testing, The costly corner of a well-laid foundation, he that trusteth, shall not make haste!
A song, shall ye have, As in the night of hallowing a festival, - And gladness of heart, As when one goeth with the flute to enter Into the mountain of Yahweh Unto the Rock of Israel.
And his own Cliff, through terror, shall he pass by, And his princes shall be dismayed at an ensign, - Declareth Yahweh. Who hath a flame in Zion, And hath a furnace in Jerusalem.
So shall each one become As a hiding-place from the wind And a covert from the storm, - As channels of water ill a dry place, As the shadow of a massive cliff in a weary land.
Let the wilderness shout, and the cities thereof, The villages wherein dwelleth Kedar, - Let the inhabitants of the crag, raise shouts of triumph, From the top of the mountains, let them cry aloud:
At the noise of horseman and archer, The whole city is in flight, They have entered dark thickets, Yea unto the crags, have they gone up, - Every city, is forsaken, There remaineth not in them a man!
O Yahweh! thine own eyes, are they not directed to fidelity? Thou hast smitten them Yet have they not grieved, Thou hast consumed them - They have refused to receive correction, - They have made their faces bolder than a cliff, They have refused to return.
Is not my word, like this, Like fire? Demandeth Yahweh, - And like a hammer, that breaketh in pieces a cliff?
Leave ye the cities and dwell in the cliff, Ye inhabitants of Moab; And become ye as a dove, that maketh her nest in the further-side of the fissure mouth.
Thy monstrous thing, hath deceived thee, The insolence of thy heart, O thou that inhabitest the hidden recesses of the cliff, That boldest fast the height of the hill, - Though thou set high as an eagle, thy nest, From thence, will I bring thee down, Declareth Yahweh;
And they shall destroy the walls of Tyre. And break down her towers, And I will scrape clean her dust from off her, - And make of her the glaring face of a cliff:
And I will make of thee the glaring face of a cliff. A place for the spreading of nets, shalt thou become, Thou shalt not be but any more, For I. Yahweh have spoken it, Declareth My Lord Yahweh.
Shall horses run upon crag? or will a man plough there with oxen? For ye have turned to poison the sentence of justice, and the fruit of righteousness, to wormwood:
Before his indignation, who shall stand? And who shall abide the glow of his anger? His wrath, hath been poured forth like fire, and, the rocks, have been broken down because of him.
Art not, thou, from of old, O Yahweh, my God, my Holy One? Thou diest not! O Yahweh, to judgment, hast thou appointed him, and, O Rock, to correction, hast thou devoted him:
Every one, therefore, who heareth thesemy words, and doeth them, shall be likened to a prudent man, who built his house upon the rock;
And, some, fell on the rocky places, where it had not much earth, - and, straightway, it sprang up, because if had no depth of earth;
And, I also, unto thee, say - Thou, art Peter, - and, upon this rock, will I build my assembly, and, the gates of hades, shall not prevail against it.
And lo! the veil of the Temple, was rent, from top to bottom, into two; and, the earth, was shaken, and, the rocks, were rent;
And, buying a fine Indian cloth, he took him down, and wrapped him about with the cloth, and laid him in a tomb, which had been hewn out of a rock, - and rolled near a stone upon the door of the tomb.
And, rising up, they thrust him forth outside the city, and led him as far as a brow of the hill on which their city was built, - so that they might throw him down headlong.
And, other, fell down upon the rock; and, growing, was withered, because it had not moisture.
And, fearing lest haply, on rocky places, we should be wrecked, out of stern, cast they four anchors, - and began praying that day might dawn.
Even as it is written - Lo! I lay in Zion, a stone to strike against and a rock to stumble over, and, he that resteth faith thereupon, shall not be put to shame.
And, all, drank, the same spiritual drink, - for they continued to drink of the spiritual rock that followed them, and, the rock, was the Christ: -
Doing wrong themselves, for a reward of wrong, accounting, a delight, their day-time delicacy, spots and blemishes, indulging in delicacies with their stratagems, as they carouse together with you,
These are they - who, in your love-feasts, are hidden rocks, as they fare sumptuously together, fearlessly, themselves, shepherding, - clouds without water, by winds swept along, trees autumnal, fruitless, twice dead, uprooted,