Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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You have heard that it was said by the ancients, You shall not kill; and whoever kills shall be subject to the judgment. But I tell you, that every one who is angry with his brother shall be subject to the judgment; and whoever says to his brother, Worthless fellow, shall be subject to the Sanhedrim; and whoever says, You fool, shall be subject to the hell of fire.
I tell you truly, it shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in a day of judgment, than for that city.
But I tell you, that for every idle word which men speak they shall render an account in a day of judgment;
But when the Son of man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, then shall he sit on the throne of his glory, and all the nations shall be assembled before him, and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats; read more. and he shall place the sheep on his right hand, and the goats on his left. Then shall the king say to those on his right hand, Come, blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; for I was hungry and you gave me food; I was thirsty and you gave me drink; I was a stranger and you took me in; naked and you clothed me; I was sick and you visited me; I was in prison, and you came to me. Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when did we see you hungry, and feed you? or thirsty, and give you drink? when did we see you a stranger, and take you in? or naked, and clothe you? when did we see you sick, or in prison, and come to you? And the king shall answer and say to them, I tell you truly, that inasmuch as you have done it to one of the least of these my brothers, you have done it to me. Then shall he say to those on his left hand, Depart from me accursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry and you gave me no food; I was thirsty and you gave me no drink; a stranger, and you took me not in; sick and in prison and you visited me not. Then shall they also answer and say, Lord, when did we see you hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not serve you? Then he shall answer them saying, I tell you truly, that inasmuch as you have not done it to one of the least of these my brothers, you have not done it to me. And these shall go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into life eternal.
Jesus said to him, As you say; but I tell you that hereafter you shall see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of the power, and coming on the clouds of heaven.
For the Father judges no man, but has given all judgment to the Son,
because he has appointed a day in which he is about to judge the world in righteousness, by the man whom he has appointed, giving assurance to all by raising him from the dead.
But why do you judge your brother? why do you set at nought your brother? for we must all stand at the tribunal of God. For it is written, [As] I live, says the Lord, to me every knee shall bow, and every tongue confess to God. read more. Each of us therefore shall give account of himself to God.
And I saw the dead, great and small, stand before the throne, and the books were opened; and another book was opened, which is of life. And the dead were judged from the things written in the books according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead who were in it, and Death and Hades gave up the dead who were in them, and they were judged each according to their works. read more. And Death and Hades were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire. And whoever was not found enrolled in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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And he delivered them another parable, saying; The kingdom of heaven is like a man sowing good seed in his field; and while the men slept, his enemy came and sowed poisonous darnel in the midst of the wheat, and went away. read more. But when the stalk grew up and bore fruit, then the poisonous darnel appeared. And the servants of the householder came and said to him, Sir, did you not sow good seed in your field? Whence then has it poisonous darnel? And he said to them, An enemy has done this. And they said to him, Do you wish us to go and take them out? And he said, No; lest in taking out the poisonous darnel, you pull up the wheat with it; let both grow together till the harvest, and at the time of the harvest, I will say to the reapers, Collect first the poisonous darnel, and bind it in bundles to be burnt; but collect the wheat in my storehouse.
And he answered and said to them, He that sows the good seed is the Son of man; the field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; the poisonous darnel are the children of the wicked one; read more. the enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the consummation of the world; and the reapers are angels. As, therefore, poisonous darnel is collected and burned with fire, so shall it be at the consummation of the world. The Son of man will send his angels, and they shall collect out of his kingdom all offenses, and all that commit wickedness, and cast them into a furnace of fire; and there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Then the righteous shall shine out like the sun, in the kingdom of their Father. He that has ears, let him hear.
Again; the kingdom of heaven is like a net cast into the sea, and collecting [fish] of every kind, which, when it was full, men drew to the shore, and sifting down put up the good in vessels and cast the bad away. read more. So shall it be at the consummation of the world. The angels shall come forth and separate the evil from the midst of the good, and cast them into the furnace of fire; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
And he shall send his angels with a loud sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather his elect from the four winds, from the one end of heaven to the other. But learn the parable of the fig tree. When its branch is now green, and puts forth leaves, you know that the summer is nigh. read more. So also when you see all these things, know that [the Son of man] is nigh, at the doors. I tell you truly, that this generation shall not pass away till all these things shall be accomplished. Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away. But of that day and hour no man knows, nor the angels of heaven; but my Father only. And as the days of Noah, so shall the coming of the Son of man be. For as in the days before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, till the day that Noah entered the ark, and knew not till the flood came and took them all away, so shall the coming of the Son of man be. Then two shall be in the field; one is taken and the other left. Two women shall be grinding at the mill; one is taken and the other left. Watch, therefore, for you know not on what day your Lord comes, But know this, that if the householder had known in what watch the thief comes, he would have watched, and not have suffered his house to be broken into. Therefore be you also ready, for in such an hour as you think not the Son of man comes. Who then is the faithful and wise servant whom the Lord has placed over his family to give them food in due season?
that you may eat and drink at my table, in my kingdom, and sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
and to the church of the first-born who are enrolled in heaven, and to a judge the God of all, and to spirits of the righteous made perfect,
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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For the Son of man is about to come in the glory of his Father, with his angels, and then shall he render to every one according to his doing.
And immediately after the affliction of those days the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken.
But when the Son of man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, then shall he sit on the throne of his glory,
But when the Son of man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, then shall he sit on the throne of his glory, and all the nations shall be assembled before him, and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats; read more. and he shall place the sheep on his right hand, and the goats on his left. Then shall the king say to those on his right hand, Come, blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; for I was hungry and you gave me food; I was thirsty and you gave me drink; I was a stranger and you took me in; naked and you clothed me; I was sick and you visited me; I was in prison, and you came to me. Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when did we see you hungry, and feed you? or thirsty, and give you drink? when did we see you a stranger, and take you in? or naked, and clothe you? when did we see you sick, or in prison, and come to you? And the king shall answer and say to them, I tell you truly, that inasmuch as you have done it to one of the least of these my brothers, you have done it to me. Then shall he say to those on his left hand, Depart from me accursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry and you gave me no food; I was thirsty and you gave me no drink; a stranger, and you took me not in; sick and in prison and you visited me not. Then shall they also answer and say, Lord, when did we see you hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not serve you? Then he shall answer them saying, I tell you truly, that inasmuch as you have not done it to one of the least of these my brothers, you have not done it to me. And these shall go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into life eternal.
Wonder not at this; for the hour comes in which all that are in the tombs shall hear his voice and shall come forth; those that have done good to a resurrection of life, and those that have done evil to a resurrection of judgment.
And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus, and you shall be saved, and your house.
And if we died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him;
Because for me to live is Christ and to die is gain.
For you have died, and your life is hid with Christ in God;
and to you who are afflicted rest with us at the revelation of the Lord Jesus from heaven with his mighty angels in a flame of fire, executing judgment on all that know not God and obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus; read more. who shall suffer the punishment of eternal destruction from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his power,
But the present heavens and the earth have been preserved by his word, being kept for fire, at the day of the judgment and destruction of wicked men.
But the day of the Lord will come as a thief, in which the heavens shall pass away with a crash, and the elements be melted with heat, and the earth and the works in it be consumed.
And now, little children, continue in him, that when he shall appear we may have boldness, and not be put to shame by him at his coming.
And in those days men shall seek death and not find it, and shall desire to die and death flee from them.
And I saw the dead, great and small, stand before the throne, and the books were opened; and another book was opened, which is of life. And the dead were judged from the things written in the books according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead who were in it, and Death and Hades gave up the dead who were in them, and they were judged each according to their works.