Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
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beginning from the baptism of John until the day when he was taken up from us--one of these men must become with us a witness to his resurrection."
But Peter, standing with the eleven, lifted up his voice and addressed them: "Men of Judea and all who dwell in Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and give ear to my words.
The young men rose and wrapped him up and carried him out and buried him.
And the twelve summoned the full number of the disciples and said, "It is not right that we should give up preaching the word of God to serve tables.
And they did so, sending it to the elders by the hand of Barnabas and Saul.
But motioning to them with his hand to be silent, he described to them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, "Tell these things to James and to the brothers." Then he departed and went to another place.
But Elymas the magician (for that is the meaning of his name) opposed them, seeking to turn the proconsul away from the faith.
But when the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard of it, they tore their garments and rushed out into the crowd, crying out,
And when they had appointed elders for them in every church, with prayer and fasting they committed them to the Lord in whom they had believed.
And God, who knows the heart, bore witness to them, by giving them the Holy Spirit just as he did to us,
Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole church, to choose men from among them and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas. They sent Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leading men among the brothers,
Now from Miletus he sent to Ephesus and called the elders of the church to come to him.
Pay careful attention to yourselves and to all the flock, in which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to care for the church of God, which he obtained with his own blood.
On the next day we departed and came to Caesarea, and we entered the house of Philip the evangelist, who was one of the seven, and stayed with him. He had four unmarried daughters, who prophesied.
On the following day Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders were present.
the one who exhorts, in his exhortation; the one who contributes, in generosity; the one who leads, with zeal; the one who does acts of mercy, with cheerfulness.
I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a servant of the church at Cenchreae,
Greet Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen and my fellow prisoners. They are well known to the apostles, and they were in Christ before me.
I say this to your shame. Can it be that there is no one among you wise enough to settle a dispute between the brothers,
Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
but every wife who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head, since it is the same as if her head were shaven.
Does not nature itself teach you that if a man wears long hair it is a disgrace for him,
And God has appointed in the church first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healing, helping, administrating, and various kinds of tongues.
And God has appointed in the church first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healing, helping, administrating, and various kinds of tongues.
Paul, an apostle--not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead--
But I saw none of the other apostles except James the Lord's brother.
(for he who worked through Peter for his apostolic ministry to the circumcised worked also through me for mine to the Gentiles),
built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone,
which was not made known to the sons of men in other generations as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit.
And he gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the shepherds and teachers,
And he gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the shepherds and teachers,
Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus, To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the overseers and deacons:
We ask you, brothers, to respect those who labor among you and are over you in the Lord and admonish you,
Their wives likewise must be dignified, not slanderers, but sober-minded, faithful in all things.
Do not rebuke an older man but encourage him as you would a father, younger men as brothers,
Let the elders who rule well be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching.
Let the elders who rule well be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching.
This is why I left you in Crete, so that you might put what remained into order, and appoint elders in every town as I directed you--
For an overseer,as God's steward, must be above reproach. He must not be arrogant or quick-tempered or a drunkard or violent or greedy for gain,
Remember your leaders, those who spoke to you the word of God. Consider the outcome of their way of life, and imitate their faith.
Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they are keeping watch over your souls, as those who will have to give an account. Let them do this with joy and not with groaning, for that would be of no advantage to you.
But above all, my brothers, do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or by any other oath, but let your "yes" be yes and your "no" be no, so that you may not fall under condemnation.
Is anyone among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord.
So I exhort the elders among you, as a fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, as well as a partaker in the glory that is going to be revealed:
But I have this against you, that you tolerate that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess and is teaching and seducing my servantsto practice sexual immorality and to eat food sacrificed to idols.
And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them were the twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.