Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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You have heard that it was said to the ancients: You shall not kill; and whoever shall kill, shall be liable to the sentence of the judges. But I say to you, Whoever is angry with his brother without a cause, shall be liable to the sentence of the judges. And whoever shall say to his brother, Worthless fellow, shall be liable to the sentence of the Sanhedrin. But who ever shall say, Impious wretch, shall be in danger of hell-fire.
Verily I say to you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah, in the day of judgment, than for that city.
But I say to you, That for every idle word which men speak, they shall give account in the day of judgment.
When the Son of man shall come in his own glory, and all the holy angels with him, then will he sit on the throne of his own glory; and all nations shall be gathered before him; and he will separate them one from another, as a shepherd separates his sheep from the goats. read more. And he will place the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on his left. Then the King will say to those on his right hand: Come, you blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry, and you gave me food; I was thirsty, and you gave- me drink; I was a stranger, and you took me to your houses; naked, and you clothed me; I was sick, and you visited me; I was in prison, and you came to me. Then will the righteous answer him, saying: Lord, when did we see thee hungry, and feed thee? or thirsty, and give thee drink? When did we see thee a stranger, and take thee to our home? or naked, and clothe thee? When did we see thee sick, or in prison, and come to thee? And the King will answer and say to them: Verily I say to you, Inasmuch as you did it to one of the least of these my brethren, you did it to me. Then will he say to those on his left hand: Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire, prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry, and you gave me no food; I was thirsty, and you gave me no drink; I was a stranger, and you took me not to your houses; naked, and you did not clothe me; I was sick, and in prison, and you did not visit me. Then they also will answer, and say: Lord, when did we see thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to thee? Then will he answer them, saying: Verily I say to you, Inasmuch as you did it not to one of the least of these, you did it not to me. And these shall go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.
Jesus said to him: You have said. Moreover, I say to you, Hereafter you shall see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of the Almighty, and coming upon the clouds of heaven.
For the Father judges no one, but has given all judicial authority to the Son;
because he has appointed a day in which he will judge the world, in righteousness, by the man whom he has chosen, giving to all assurance of this, by having raised him from the dead.
But why do you judge your brother? Or why do you despise your brother? For we all shall stand before the judgment-seat of the Christ. For it is written: As I live, says the Lord, to me every knee shall bow, and every tongue shall confess to God. read more. Therefore, every one of us shall give an account of himself to God.
And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before the throne; and the books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things that were written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were in it; and death and hades gave up the dead that were in them; and they were judged, every one according to his works. read more. And death and hades were cast into the lake of fire: this is the second death. And if any one was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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Another parable he laid before them, saying: The kingdom of heaven is likened to a man that sowed good seed in his field. But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and went away. read more. But when the blade sprung up, and produced fruit, then appeared the tares also. And the servants of the master of the house came, and said to him, Sir, did you not sow good seed in your field? Whence, then, has it tares? He said to them, An enemy has done this. The servants said to him, Is it your will, then, that we go and gather them up? But he said, No; lest while you are gathering the tares, you root up the wheat with them. Let both grow together till the harvest, and in time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Collect first the tares, and bind them into bundles to burn them; but gather the wheat into my granary.
He answered and said to them: He that sows the good seed is the Son of man; the field is the world; the good seed are the sons of the kingdom; the tares are the sons of the Wicked One; read more. the enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the age; and the reapers are angels. As, therefore, the tares are collected and burned in fire, so shall it be in the end of this age. The Son of man will send forth his angels, and collect out of his kingdom all things that offend, and those who work iniquity, and cast them into the furnace of fire; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun, in the kingdom of their Father. He that has ears to hear,- let him hear.
Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that is cast into the sea, and that gathers of every kind: when it is full, they draw it to the shore; and sitting down, they collect the good into vessels, but throw the bad away. read more. So shall it be in the end of the age: the angels shall come forth and separate the wicked from among the just, and cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
And he will send his angels with a trumpet of great voice, and they shall gather his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other. Learn now a parable from the fig-tree: As soon as its branch becomes tender, and puts forth leaves, you know that summer is near. read more. So also, when you see all these things, know that it is near at the doors. Verily I say to you, This generation shall not pass away till all these things shall have taken place. Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away. But of that day and hour no one knows, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only. But as the days of Noah were, so shall be the coming of the Son of man. For as in the days before the flood, they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, till the day in which Noah entered the ark, and knew not, till the flood came and took them all away: so shall be the coming of the Son of man. Then two men shall be in the field; one shall be taken, and the other left. Two women shall be grinding at the mill; one shall be taken, and the other left. "Watch, therefore, for you know not at what hour your Lord is coming. But know this, That if the master of the house had known at what watch the thief comes, he would have watched, and would not have permitted his house to be broken open. For this reason, be you also ready; for at an hour in which you think not, the Son of man comes. Who then is that faithful and wise servant, whom his master has made ruler over his household servants, to give them their food in due time?
that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
who show that the work which the law requires, is written in their hearts, their conscience bearing testimony, and their reasonings with each other accusing, or making excuse.
to the general assembly and church of the first-born, who are enrolled in heaven, and to God, the judge of all, and to the spirits of the just made perfect,
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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For the Son of man will come in the glory of his Father, with his angels; and then he will reward every one according to his deeds.
Immediately after the affliction of those days, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the hosts of the heavens shall be shaken.
When the Son of man shall come in his own glory, and all the holy angels with him, then will he sit on the throne of his own glory;
When the Son of man shall come in his own glory, and all the holy angels with him, then will he sit on the throne of his own glory; and all nations shall be gathered before him; and he will separate them one from another, as a shepherd separates his sheep from the goats. read more. And he will place the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on his left. Then the King will say to those on his right hand: Come, you blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry, and you gave me food; I was thirsty, and you gave- me drink; I was a stranger, and you took me to your houses; naked, and you clothed me; I was sick, and you visited me; I was in prison, and you came to me. Then will the righteous answer him, saying: Lord, when did we see thee hungry, and feed thee? or thirsty, and give thee drink? When did we see thee a stranger, and take thee to our home? or naked, and clothe thee? When did we see thee sick, or in prison, and come to thee? And the King will answer and say to them: Verily I say to you, Inasmuch as you did it to one of the least of these my brethren, you did it to me. Then will he say to those on his left hand: Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire, prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry, and you gave me no food; I was thirsty, and you gave me no drink; I was a stranger, and you took me not to your houses; naked, and you did not clothe me; I was sick, and in prison, and you did not visit me. Then they also will answer, and say: Lord, when did we see thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to thee? Then will he answer them, saying: Verily I say to you, Inasmuch as you did it not to one of the least of these, you did it not to me. And these shall go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.
Be not astonished at this; for the hour is coming in which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, and shall come forth; those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of condemnation.
They replied: Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and you and your house shall be saved.
Now if we have died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him;
For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.
for you are dead, and your life is hid with the Christ in God.
and to you that are afflicted, rest with us, at the revelation of our Lord Jesus from heaven with his mighty angels, in flaming fire, to take vengeance on those who know not God, and who obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ; read more. these shall suffer punishment in that day, even eternal destruction, far from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power,
But the heavens and the earth that now are, by the same word are kept in store, reserved for fire against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men.
But the day of the Lord will come as a thief, in which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, and the earth, and the works that are on it, shall be burned up.
And now, little children, abide in him, that when he appears, we may have confidence, and may not be made ashamed by him at his coming.
And in those days men will seek for death, and shall not find it; and they will desire to die, and death shall flee from them.
And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before the throne; and the books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things that were written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were in it; and death and hades gave up the dead that were in them; and they were judged, every one according to his works.
And he said to me: It is done; I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. To him that thirsts, I will give of the fountain of the water of life freely.