Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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Ye have heard, that it was said to them of old time, Thou shalt do no murder, and whosoever doth murder, shall be liable to the judgment. But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother, shall be liable to the judgment; and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be liable to the council; but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be liable to hell-fire.
Verily I say unto you, it shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city.
But I say to you, That every idle word which men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment.
When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory. And all nations shall be gathered before him, and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd separateth the sheep from the goats. read more. And he will set the sheep on his right-hand, and the goats on the left. Then shall the king say to them on his right-hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you, from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry, and ye gave me meat; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in; Naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye visited me; I was in prison, and ye came to me. Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, and fed thee? Or thirsty, and gave thee drink? When saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? Or naked, and clothed thee? Or when saw we thee sick or in prison, and came to thee? And the king shall answer and say to them, Verily I say to you, Inasmuch as ye did it to one of the least of these my brethren, ye did it to me. Then shall he say also to them on his left-hand, Depart from me, ye cursed into the everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry, and ye gave me no meat; I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me not in; naked, and ye clothed me not; sick and in prison, and ye visited me not. Then shall they also answer him saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not micister to thee? Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say to you, inasmuch as ye did it oot to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. And these shall go away into everlasting punishment; but the righteous into life everlasting.
Jesus saith to him, Thou hast said. Moreover I say to you, Hereafter shall ye see the Son of man sitting on the right-hand of power, and coming upon the clouds of heaven.
For neither doth the Father judge any one, but hath given all judgment to the Son:
Because he hath appointed a day, in which he will judge the world righteously, by the man whom he hath ordained, whereof he hath given assurance to all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead.
But why dost thou judge thy brother? or why dost thou despise thy brother? For we shall all stand before the judgment-seat of Christ. For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God. read more. So then every one of us shall give an account of himself to God.
And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things that were written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were therein; and death and hades gave up the dead that were in them; and they were judged every one according to their works. read more. And death and hades were cast into the lake of fire: this is the second death. And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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He proposed to them another parable, saying, The kingdom of heaven is like a man sowing good seed in his field. But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed darnel amidst the wheat, and went away. read more. And when the blade was sprung up and brought forth fruit, then appeared the darnel also. So the servants of the housholder came to him and said, Sir, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? Whence then hath it darnel? He said to them, An enemy hath done this. The servants said to him, Wilt thou then, that we go and gather them up? But he said, No: lest gathering up the darnel, ye root up the wheat with them. Suffer both to grow together till the harvest; and at the time of the harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the darnel, and bind them in bundles to burn them, but gather the wheat into my barn.
He answering said to them, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man. The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom, but the darnel are the children of the wicked one. read more. The enemy that sowed them is the devil: the harvest is the end of the world; the reapers are the angels. As therefore the darnel are gathered and burnt with fire, so shall it be in the end of this world. The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them that do iniquity. And shall cast them into the furnace of fire; there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. Then shall the righteous shine forth as the Sun in the kingdom of their Father. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net cast into the sea, and gathering of every kind. Which when it was full, they drew to the shore, and sitting down, gathered the good into vessels, but cast the bad away. read more. So shall it be at the end of the world. The angels shall come forth and sever the wicked from among the just. And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
And he shall send forth his angels, with a loud-sounding trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other. Learn a parable from the fig-tree: when its branch is now tender and shooteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is nigh. read more. So likewise when ye see all these things, know that it is nigh, even at the doors. Verily I say to you, This generation shall not pass, till all these things be done. Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away. But of that day and hour knoweth no man, neither the angels of heaven, but my Father only. But as the days of Noah, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. For as in the days that were benore the flood, they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, till the day that Noah entered into the ark. And knew not, till the flood came and took them all away, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. Then shall two be in the field: one is taken, and one is left. Two women shall be grinding in the mill; one is taken, and one is left. Watch therefore; for ye know not what hour your Lord cometh. But ye know this, that if the housholder had known, in what watch the thief would have come, he would have watched, and not have suffered his house to be broke open. Therefore be ye also ready: for at an hour ye think not, the Son of man cometh. Who then is the faithful and wise servant, whom his Lord hath appointed ruler over his houshold, to give them food in due season?
That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
In the day when God will judge the secrets of men by Christ Jesus, according to my gospel.
and to an innumerable company, To the general assembly of angels, and to the church of the first born, who are inrolled in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father, with his angels; and then shall he render to every man according to his work.
Immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light; and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken.
When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory.
When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory. And all nations shall be gathered before him, and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd separateth the sheep from the goats. read more. And he will set the sheep on his right-hand, and the goats on the left. Then shall the king say to them on his right-hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you, from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry, and ye gave me meat; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in; Naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye visited me; I was in prison, and ye came to me. Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, and fed thee? Or thirsty, and gave thee drink? When saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? Or naked, and clothed thee? Or when saw we thee sick or in prison, and came to thee? And the king shall answer and say to them, Verily I say to you, Inasmuch as ye did it to one of the least of these my brethren, ye did it to me. Then shall he say also to them on his left-hand, Depart from me, ye cursed into the everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry, and ye gave me no meat; I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me not in; naked, and ye clothed me not; sick and in prison, and ye visited me not. Then shall they also answer him saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not micister to thee? Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say to you, inasmuch as ye did it oot to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. And these shall go away into everlasting punishment; but the righteous into life everlasting.
Marvel not at this: for the time is coming, in which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, And shall come forth, they that have done good, to the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil, to the resurrection of damnation.
And they said, Believe in the Lord Jesus, and thou shalt be saved and thy houshold.
And we believe, that if we are dead with Christ, we shall also live with him:
For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.
For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God.
And to you that are afflicted rest with us, at the revelation of the Lord Jesus from heaven with his mighty angels, In flaming fire, taking vengeance on them who know not God, and who obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. read more. Who shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power,
But the heavens and the earth that are now, are by his word kept in store reserved unto fire, against the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.
But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night, in which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, the elements shall melt with fervent heat, and the earth, and the works that are therein, shall be burnt up.
And now, beloved children, abide in him, that when he shall appear, we may have confidence, and not be ashamed before him at his coming.
And in those days the men shall seek death, but not find it; and shall desire to die, but death will flee from them.
And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things that were written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were therein; and death and hades gave up the dead that were in them; and they were judged every one according to their works.