Reference: Mark, The Gospel According To
Fausets
(See ACTS; BARNABAS; GOSPELS.) "John (his Hebrew name) whose surname was Mark" (his Roman name): Mr 12:12,25; 13/5/type/godbey'>13:5,13; 15:39; Col 4:10; 2Ti 4:11; Phm 1:24. The Roman supplanted the Jewish name, as Paul did Saul. The change marks his entrance on a new and worldwide ministry. The fathers unanimously testify that Mark was "interpreter" (hermeneutees, Papias in Eusebius, H. E. iii. 39; Irenaeus, Haer. iii. 1,10, sec. 6) to Peter; meaning one who expresses and clothes in words the testimony of another. Papias, or John Presbyter (in Eusebius, H. E. iii. 39), states that Mark wrote "not in order," i.e. he wrote "some" leading facts, not a complete history. He attests Mark's accuracy, saying "he committed no error," but made it his aim "to omit nought of what he heard and to state nothing untrue."
Peter's name and presence are mentioned on occasions where apparently there is no reason for it; Mark herein wished to bring the apostle forward as his authority (see Mr 1:36; 5:37; 11:20-26; 13:3). There are indications of the author having been a Galilean, which Peter was. Thus, Herod the tetrarch is styled "king"; the "lake' (as Lu 8:22 calls it, for he knew larger sects) is called "the sea of Galilee" (Mr 5:1). Only in Mr 6:30 the term of dignity, "apostle," is found; in Luke, as writing later, it frequently occurs. Things to their discredit are ingenuously stated by Matthew and Mark (Peter), as we might expect from apostles writing about themselves; but are sparingly introduced by Luke (Mt 16:9; Mr 7:18; 10:41; 14:31; 6:52; 9:10; 10:32, the last three not in Matthew).
The account of many things is marked by vivid touches suitable to an eye-witness only, which Peter was; e.g. Mr 6:39, "the green grass" in the feeding of the 5,000; "the pillow of the ship" (Mr 4:38); Mr 10:50, "casting away his garment"; Mr 11:4, "the colt tied by the door without in a place where two ways met." The details of the demon-possessed Gadarene: "no man could bind him, no not with chains, because he had often been bound, and the chains had been plucked asunder by him, and the fetters broken in pieces; neither could any man tame him. And always, night and day, he was in the mountains, crying, and cutting himself with stones," etc. (Mr 5:2-5); and also the wild cry of another reproduced, "Ea" ("Ha!" not as KJV, "let us alone"), Mr 1:24.
Jesus' looks, Mr 3:5, "He looked round about on them in anger" (Mr 3:34); Mr 8:33; 10:21-23, "Jesus beholding loved him," etc.; Mr 8:12, He sighed deeply in spirit ... why doth this generation seek after a sign?" Mr 1:41, "Jesus moved with compassion put forth His hand" touching the leper. All these minute touches, peculiar to him, show his Gospel is no epitome of the others but an independent witness, Mark tells Peter's humble origin (Mr 1:16-20), his connection with Capernaum (Mr 1:29), that Levi was son of Alphaeus (Mr 2:14), that Boanerges was the title given by Christ to James and John (Mr 3:17), that, the ruler of the synagogue was named Jairus (Mr 5:22), that Jesus was a "carpenter" (Mr 6:3), that the Canaanite woman was a Syrophoenician (Mr 7:26). Mark gives Dalmanutha for Magdala (Mr 8:10; Mt 15:39).
He names Bartimaeus (Mr 10:46), states that "Jesus would not suffer any to carry any vessel through the temple" (Mr 11:16), that Simon of Cyrene was father of Alexander and Rufus (Mr 15:21). Peter would be the probable source of these particulars of Mark's information. Jesus' rebuke of Peter is recorded, but His preeminent praise of him is omitted (Mr 8:32-33; compare Mt 16:18,23). The account of the thrice denial is full, but "bitterly" is omitted from his repentance (Mr 14:72). This is just what we might expect from an apostle writing about himself. The Roman character preponderates, abounding in facts rather than doctrines, and practical details told with straightforward, energetic, manly simplicity.
Of passages peculiar to Mark are Mr 3:20-21, Christ's friends' attempt on Him; Mr 4:26-29, parable of the seed growing secretly; Mr 7:31-37, healing the deaf mute; Mr 8:22-26, gradual cure of the blind; Mr 11:11; 14:51-52; 16:7, the special message to Peter after the resurrection, to cheer him in his despondency after the thrice denial. Only twice Mark quotes Old Testament himself (Mal 3:1; Isa 40:3), namely, Mr 1:2-3; but often introduces Christ and those addressing Him quoting it. The Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, and Alexandrinus manuscripts omit Mr 15:28, which is an interpolation from Lu 22:37. Mark alone has "the sabbath was made for man" (Mr 2:27), and the scribe's admission that love is better than sacrifices (Mr 12:33); all suited for Gentile readers, to whom Peter, notwithstanding subsequent vacillation, first opened the door (Acts 10).
He notices Jesus being "with the wild beasts" when tempted by Satan in the wilderness; contrast Adam tempted amidst the tame animals in Eden (Genesis 2; 3). Adam changed paradise into a wilderness, Jesus changes the wilderness into paradise. Other scenes to Peter's honor omitted are Lu 5:1-11, his walking on the sea (Mt 14:28-31), his commission to get, the tribute money from the fish (Mt 17:24-27), Jesus' special intercession for him (Lu 22:31-32), his being one of the two sent to prepare the Passover (Lu 22:8). Mark's explanations of Jewish customs and names (Jordan is called a "river"; the Pharisees' fasting and customs, Mr 1:5; 2:18; 7:1-4; the Sadducees' tenets, Mr 12:18; the Passover described, Mr 14:1,12) which Jews would not need, and the absence of appeals by himself to Old Testament prophecy, also of the genealogy and of the term nomos, the Mosaic "law," show he wrote for Gentiles not for Jews.
Accordingly he omits the offensive references to the Gentiles found in Mt 6:7-8; 10:5-6; compare Mr 6:7-11; so Luke writing for Gentiles (Lu 9:1-5). Moreover Mark (Mr 11:17) inserts what is not in Matthew or Luke, "My house shall be called of all nations the house of prayer." He abounds in Latinisms, agreeably to the theory that he wrote for Romans, whose terms his and Peter's intimacy with them would dispose him to use: thus "centurion" for hekatontarchos elsewhere in New Testament, paidiothen = "a puero", kodrantes = "quadrans", denarion = "denarius", halas analon = "sal insulsum", "specoulator", "censos", "fragelloo" (flagello), xestes (sextarius), megistanes = "magnates", legeon = "legio". The explanation of a Greek term aulee by the Latin proetorium (Mr 15:16) could only be for Roman readers. Style. Unusual Greek expressions occur: exapina, epistentrechein, pistike, eneileo, efie, proelaben murisai, alalos, enangkalizesthai. Diminutives abound, thugatrion, korasion, otarion, kunaria.
He employs as the phrase most characteristic of his Gospel eutheoos, "straightway," "immediately," 41 times. His use of the present tense for the past gives vivid present reality to his pictures. He details minutely localities, times, and numbers. He introduces persons' speaking directly. He is often abrupt as he is graphic, e.g. Mark 1, where he hurries on to our Lord's: official life, which he sketches with lifelike energy. "While the sequence and connection of the longer discourses was that which the Holy Spirit peculiarly brought to Matthew's mind, the apostle from whom Mark's record is derived seems to have been deeply penetrated by the solemn iterations of cadence and expression, and to have borne away the very words themselves and the tone of the Lord's sayings" (Alford), e.g. the sublime reply Mr 9:39-50, the thrice repeated "where their worm dieth not and the fire is not quenched," sounding in the ears as a peal of doom.
This Gospel especially pictures Jesus' outward gestures, e.g. His actions in curing the deaf (Mr 7:33-34), He takes him aside from the multitude, puts His fingers into his ears, spits, touches his tongue, looks up to heaven, sighs, and saith, "Ephphatha". Hebrew (Aramaic) words are used, but explained for Gentile readers: Mr 3:17,22; 5:41, Talitha kumi; Mr 7:11, korban; Mr 9:43, gehenna; Mr 10:46, Bar-timaeus; Mr 14:36, Abba; Mr 15:22, Golgotha. The style, though abounding in Latinisms, is more related. to the Hebraistic style of Matthew than to Luke's pure Greek.
From the Latinisms, and the place where, and t
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And praying do not use vain repetitions as the heathen do: for they think they shall be heard in their much speaking. Therefore be not like unto them: for your Father knows of what things you have need, before you ask him.
And Jesus sent out the twelve, commanding them, Go not in the way of the Gentiles, and enter not into a city of the Samaritans. But go ye rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.
And Peter responding said, Lord, if thou art there, command me to come to thee on the waters. And He said, Come. And Peter having come down from the ship, walked on the waters, and came toward Jesus. read more. And seeing the wind strong, became alarmed; and beginning to sink, he cried out, saying, Lord, save me. And Jesus immediately reaching out His hand, received him, and says to him, O thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubt?
And having sent away the multitudes, He went into a ship and came into the coasts of Magdala.
Do you not yet understand? do you not remember the five loaves of the five thousand, and how many baskets ye took up?
And I say to thee, that thou art Peter, and upon this rock will I build my Church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.
And turning He said to Peter, Get behind me, adversary: thou art my stumbling-block; because thou art not thinking about the things of God, but those of men.
And they having come into Capernaum, those receiving the double drachma came to Peter, and said, Does your teacher pay the double drachma? He says, Yes. And when he came into the house, Jesus anticipated him, saying, What seems to you, Simon? from whom do the kings of the earth receive toll or tribute? from their own sons or aliens? read more. And he saying from aliens, Jesus said to him, Then the sons are free. But in order that we may not offend them, going to the sea, cast in a hook, and take the first fish coming up; and opening its mouth, you will find a stater: having received it, give it to them for me and thee.
As has been written in the prophets; Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, who will prepare thy way before thee; the voice of one roaring in the wilderness; Prepare ye the way of the Lord; make His paths straight.
And all the Judean country and the Jerusalemites were going out unto him, and were being baptized by him in the river Jordan, confessing their sins.
And walking by the sea of Galilee, He saw Simon and Andrew his brother casting their net in the sea: for they were fishers. Jesus said to them, Come after me, and I will make you to be fishers of men. read more. And immediately, having left their nets, they followed Him. And going forth thence a little, He saw James, the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, themselves also in a ship mending their nets, and immediately He called them. And having left their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired hands, they departed after Him.
saying, Let me alone; what is there to us and thee, thou Jesus, the Nazarene? You have come to destroy us; I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God.
And immediately, having come out from the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
And Jesus being moved with compassion, reaching forth His hand, touched him, and says to him, I will; be thou cleansed.
And passing along, he saw Levi, the son of Alpheus sitting at the toll, and says to him, Follow me. And rising up, he followed Him.
The disciples of John and the Pharisees were fasting. And they come and say to Him; Wherefore do the disciples of John and the Pharisees fast, and thy disciples do not fast?
And He said to them, The Sabbath was made for the sake of man, and not man for the sake of the Sabbath.
And looking round on them with indignation, being grieved over the hardness of their hearts, He says to the man; Reach forth thy hand. And he reached it forth and it was restored.
and James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and on them He placed the names Boanerges, which is, Sons of thunder:
and James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and on them He placed the names Boanerges, which is, Sons of thunder:
and James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and on them He placed the names Boanerges, which is, Sons of thunder:
And He comes into a house; and the multitude come together again so they are not able to eat bread. And those along with Him hearing came out to arrest Him: for they continued to say, He is beside Himself. read more. And the scribes having come down from Jerusalem were saving, He has Beelzebul and He is casting out the demons through the prince of the demons.
And looking round on His disciples sitting about Him in a circle, He says, Behold my mother and my brothers!
And He said, Thus is the kingdom of God, as a man may cast seed on the ground; and he may sleep, and rise night and day, and the seed germinates and grows, as he does not know. read more. The earth spontaneously brings forth fruit; first the blade, then the ear, then the full corn in the ear. And when the fruit may develop, immediately he thrusts in the sickle, because the harvest is at hand.
And He was in the stern, sleeping on a pillow: and they awaken Him, and say to Him; Teacher, is there no care to thee that we perish?
And they came beyond the sea, into the country of the Gadarenes, And a man from the tombs, with an unclean spirit met Him, having come out of the ship; read more. who had his dwelling among the tombs: neither was any one able to bind him with chains; because frequently he had been bound with fetters and chains, and the chains were slipped off by him, and the fetters torn to pieces. No one was able to tame him: and all the time, night and day, he was among the tombs in the mountains, crying, and cutting himself with stones.
And one of the chief rulers of the synagogue, by name jairus, comes; and seeing Him falls at His feet,
and He did not permit any one to accompany Him, except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James.
And taking the child by the hand, says to her, Talitha cumi; which is interpreted, Damsel, I say unto thee, Arise.
Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary? the brother of James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas? Are not His sisters here with us? And they were offended in Him.
And He calls the twelve to Him, and began to send them out two by two; and He gave them authority over unclean spirits. And He commanded them that they should take nothing for the way except staff only; no valise, no bread, no money in the girdle; read more. but having put on your sandals: and put not on two coats. And He said to them, Into whatsoever house you may enter, there abide until you may go out from thence. And whatsoever place may not receive you nor hear you, going forth thence, shake off the dust which is beneath your feet for a testimony unto them.
The apostles return to Jesus, and related unto Him all things, even so many as they did, and so many as they taught.
For they did not understand concerning the loaves, for their heart was hardened.
And the Pharisees and certain ones of the scribes, having come from Jerusalem, gather to Him. And seeing certain ones of His disciples eating bread with defiled, that is, unwashed hands. read more. For the Pharisees and all the Jews, unless they diligently wash their hands, do not eat, holding the tradition of the elders. And from the forum, unless they may baptize themselves, they do not eat: and many other things which they have received to hold, the baptism of cups, and pots, and brazen vessels, and couches.
But you say, If a man may say to father or mother, Corban, that is a gift, whatsoever you may be profited by me;
And He says to them, Are you still without understanding? Do you not know that everything external entering into a man is not able to defile him?
For the woman was a Greek, a Syrophenician by race; and asked Him that He may cast the demon out of her daughter.
And having again come out from Tyre and Sidon, He came to the Sea of Galilee, amid the coasts of Decapolis. And they bring Him a deaf man, speaking with difficulty; and intreat Him that He may lay His hand on him. read more. And taking him from the crowd privately, He put His fingers in his ears, and having spat, He touched his tongue;
And taking him from the crowd privately, He put His fingers in his ears, and having spat, He touched his tongue; and looking up to heaven, he groaned, and says to him, Ephphatha, which is, Be thou opened.
and looking up to heaven, he groaned, and says to him, Ephphatha, which is, Be thou opened. And immediately his ears were opened, and the bond of his tongue loosed, and he continued to speak distinctly. read more. And He charged them that they should tell no one: and the more He charged them, the more abundantly they proclaimed it. And were astonished exceedingly, saying, He has done all things well: He makes the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak.
And immediately having gone into the ship with His disciples, He came to the parts of Dalmanutha.
And groaning in spirit, He says, What sign does this generation seek after? truly I say unto you, No sign shall be given unto this generation.
And they come into Bethsaida: and they bring Him a blind man, and they intreat Him that He may touch him. And taking the blind man by the hand, He led him out of the village; and spitting in his eyes, putting His hands on him, He asked him, if he sees anything. read more. And looking up he said, I see the men walking about like trees. Then again He put His hands on his eyes, and he looked up; and was restored, and saw all things distinctly. And He sent him to his own house, saying, Go not into the village.
And He was boldly speaking the word. And Peter taking Him to him began to rebuke Him. And He turning and seeing His disciples rebuked Peter, and says, Get behind me, adversary: because thou art not thinking the things of God, but those of men.
And He turning and seeing His disciples rebuked Peter, and says, Get behind me, adversary: because thou art not thinking the things of God, but those of men.
And they held the word to themselves, inquiring, what it is to rise from the dead.
And Jesus said, Forbid him not. For there is no one who shall do a miracle in my name, and be able quickly to speak evil of me. For whosoever is not against us, is on our side. read more. For whosoever may give you a cup of water in my name, because you are Christ's, truly I say unto you, can not lose his reward. Whosoever may offend one of these little ones who believe in me, rather is it good for him, if a millstone is hung about his neck, and he may be cast into the sea. And if thy hand may offend thee, cut it off: it is good for thee to go into life maimed, rather than having two hands to go away into hell, into the fire that can not be quenched.
And if thy hand may offend thee, cut it off: it is good for thee to go into life maimed, rather than having two hands to go away into hell, into the fire that can not be quenched. OMITTED TEXT
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OMITTED TEXT If thine eye may offend thee, cast it from thee: it is good for thee entering into the kingdom of God having one eye, rather than having two eyes to be cast into hell; read more. where their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched.
where their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched. For every one shall be salted with fire. read more. Salt is good: but if the salt may become savorless, with what will you salt it? Have salt in yourselves, and live in peace with one another.
Jesus looking on him loved him, and said to him, One thing is wanting to thee: go, sell whatsoever thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, follow me. And he being grieved at the word, went away sorrowing: for he had great possessions. read more. And Jesus looking around, says to His disciples; How hardly shall those having riches enter into the kingdom of God!
And they were in the way, going up to Jerusalem; and Jesus was going before them: and they were amazed; and following they were afraid. And taking the twelve to Himself, again He began to tell them the things which were about to happen to Him;
And they come into Jericho: and He and His disciples and a great multitude going out from Jericho, blind Bartimeus, the son of Timeus, was sitting by the wayside, begging.
And they come into Jericho: and He and His disciples and a great multitude going out from Jericho, blind Bartimeus, the son of Timeus, was sitting by the wayside, begging.
And he, casting away his cloak, rising, came to Jesus.
Then they departed, and found the colt tied at the door without at the crossing of the road; and they are loosing him.
And He came into Jerusalem, into the temple; and looking round upon all things, the hour being already late, He went out into Bethany along with the twelve.
and He did not suffer that any one should carry a vessel through the temple. And He was teaching, saying to them, Is it not written, That my house shall be called a house of prayer for all the Gentiles? But you have made it a den of thieves.
And going along in the morning, they saw the fig-tree utterly withered from the roots. And Peter remembering says to Him, Master, behold, the fig-tree which thou didst execrate is withered away. read more. And Jesus responding says to them, Have God's faith. Truly I say unto you, That whosoever may say to this mountain, Be thou taken up and cast into the sea; and may not doubt in his heart, but believe that what he says does take place; it shall be unto him. Therefore I say unto you, All things whatsoever you pray for and ask, believe that you just now received them, and they shall be unto you. And when you stand praying, forgive, if you have aught against any one; in order that your Father who is in the heavens may forgive you your trespasses. OMITTED TEXT
And they were seeking to arrest Him; and they feared the multitude; for they knew that He spoke the parable against them. And leaving Him they went away.
And the Sadducees come to Him, who say there is no resurrection; and asked Him, saying;
For when they may rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage; but they are as angels in the heavens.
and thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength. This is the first commandment.
And love Him with all the heart, and with all the mind, and with all the strength, and to love thy neighbor as thyself is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.
And He sitting upon the Mount of Olives in front of the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asked Him privately,
And you shall be hated by all on account of my name: but the one persevering to the end, the same shall be saved.
And it was the passover and feast of unleavened bread after two days. And the high priests and scribes were seeking how they might kill Him, having taken Him by stratagem.
And on the first day of the unleavened bread, when they were accustomed to slay the passover, His disciples say to Him; Where do you wish, that we, having gone away may prepare that you may eat the passover?
And he continued to say the more positively, If it may behoove me to die with thee, I can never deny thee. And all continued to say likewise.
And He said, Father, Father, all things are possible to thee; take this cup from me; but not what I will, but what thou wilt.
And one certain young man followed Him, invested with a linen cloth on his unclothed body: and they take hold of him. And he leaving the linen cloth, fled from them in a state of nudity.
And the cock crew the second time. And Peter remembered the word which Jesus told him; That, before the cock shall crow twice, thou wilt deny me thrice. And having gone out, he continued to weep.
And the soldiers led Him into the court, which is the judgment hall; and call around Him the whole band.
And they compel a certain Simon, a Cyrenean, coming from the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, that he must take His cross. And they lead Him to Golgotha, a place which is interpreted, The place of a skull.
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And the centurion standing by in front of Him, seeing that He thus expired, said; Surely this man was the Son of God.
But go, tell His disciples and Peter, that He goes before you into Galilee: you shall see Him there, as He told you.
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And it came to pass, while the multitude is pressing on Him to hear the word of God, and He was standing by the lake of Gennesaret; and He saw two ships standing by the lake: the fishermen, having gone from them, were washing their nets. read more. And having come into one of the ships, which belonged to Simon, He asked him to lead out a little from the land, and sitting down He was teaching the multitudes from the ship. When He ceased speaking He said to Simon, Lead out into the deep, and spread your nets for a draught. And Simon responding said to Him, Master, having toiled all night, we caught nothing: but at thy word I will spread the net. And having done this, they caught a great multitude of fishes; and their net was breaking; and they beckoned to their comrades in another ship, having come to assist them, And they came, and filled both ships, so as to sink them. And Simon Peter, seeing, fell down at the knees of Jesus, saying; Depart from me, Lord, because I am a sinful man, For fear took hold of him, and all of those with him, at the draught of fishes which they received. And likewise James and John, the sons of Zebedee, who were companions to Simon. And Jesus said to Simon, Fear not; from now you shall be catching men. And drawing up their ships to the land, having left all things, they followed Him.
And it came to pass on one of the days, He and His disciples went into a ship. And He said to them, Let us go to the other side of the lake. And they were embarked.
And calling the twelve, He gave to them power and authority over all demons, and to heal diseases. And He sent them to preach the kingdom of God and to heal the sick. read more. And He said to them, Take nothing for the journey, neither staff, nor valise, nor bread, nor silver; nor to have two coats. And into whatsoever house you may eaten there abide, and go out from thence. And so many as may not receive you, going out from that city, knock off the dust of your feet for a testimony against them.
And He sent Peter and John, saying, Going prepare for us the passover, in order that we may eat it.
Simon, Simon, behold, Satan sought you out, to sift you as wheat: but I prayed for you, that your faith may not fail you: and thou, when having turned, strengthen thy brethren:
For I say unto you, that it behooves that which has been written to be perfected in me, this, And He was numbered with the transgressors: for indeed that which is concerning me has an end.
Jesus, the one from Nazareth, how God anointed Him with the Holy Ghost and power: who went about doing good, and healing all oppressed by the devil: because God is with Him.
Aristarchus my fellow-soldier salutes you, and Mark the cousin of Barnabas concerning whom you received commandments; if he may come to you, receive him;