Reference: Purification
Easton
the process by which a person unclean, according to the Levitical law, and thereby cut off from the sanctuary and the festivals, was restored to the enjoyment of all these privileges.
The great annual purification of the people was on the Day of Atonement (q.v.).
But in the details of daily life there were special causes of cermonial uncleanness which were severally provided for by ceremonial laws enacted for each separate case. For example, the case of the leper (Le 13; 13:14), and of the house defiled by leprosy (Le 14:49-53; see also Mt 8:2-4). Uncleanness from touching a dead body (Nu 19:11; Ho 9:4; Hag 2:13; Mt 23:27; Lu 11:44). The case of the high priest and of the Nazarite (Le 21:1-4,10-11; Nu 6:6-7; Eze 44:25). Purification was effected by bathing and washing the clothes (Le 14:8-9); by washing the hands (De 21:6; Mt 27:24); washing the hands and feet (Ex 30:18-21; Heb 6:2, "baptisms", R.V. marg., "washings;" Heb 9:10); sprinkling with blood and water (Ex 24:5-8; Heb 9:19), etc. Allusions to this rite are found in Ps 26:6; 51:7; Eze 36:25; Heb 10:22.
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and he sent young men of the sons of Israel, and they caused to go up, ascending-sacrifices, - and slew peace-offerings to Yahweh, of oxen. Then took Moses half of the blood, and put it in basins, and half of the blood, dashed he over the altar: read more. then took he the book of the covenant, and read in the ears of the people. And they said, All that Yahweh hath spoken, will we do, and will hearken, Then Moses took the blood, and dashed over the people, and said, Lo! the blood of the covenant which Yahweh hath solemnised with you, over all these words.
And thou shalt make a laver of bronze, and its stand of bronze for bathing, - and thou shalt place it between the tent of meeting and the altar, and shalt put therein water. So shall Aaron and his sons bathe thereat, - their hands, and their feet. read more. When they enter the tent of meeting, they shall bathe with water so shall they not die, - or when they approach unto the altar to minister, to burn as incense an altar-flame to Yahweh: so then they shall bathe their hands and their feet and shall not die, - and it shall be to them an age-abiding statute, to him and to his seed to their generations.
And he that is to be declared clean shall wash his clothes and shave off all his hair, and bathe in water, and be clean, and, afterwards, shall he come into the camp, - and dwell outside his tent, seven days; and it shall be on the seventh day, that he shall shave off all the hair of his head, and his beard, and his eyebrows, even all his hair, shall he shave off, - and shall wash his clothes and bathe his flesh in water so shall he be clean.
Then shall he take to cleanse, the house, two birds, - and cedar wood, and crimson, and hyssop; and shall kill one bird, - within an earthen vessel over living water; read more. and take the cedar wood and the hyssop, and the crimson and the living bird, and dip them in the blood of the slain bird, and in the living water, - and sprinkle the house seven times; and so cleanse the house, with the blood of the bird and with the living water, - and with the living bird, and with the cedar wood and with the hyssop, and with the crimson; and shall let go the living bird unto the outside of the city, unto the face of the field, - so shall he put a propitiatory-covering over the house and it shall be clean.
And Yahweh said unto Moses, Say unto the priests, the sons of Aaron, - yea thou shalt say unto them, For a dead person, shall no one make himself unclean among his people: Saving for his kin, that are near unto him, for his mother or for his father, or for his son or for his daughter, or for his brother; read more. or for his sister, a virgin who is near unto him, who belongeth not unto a husband, - for her, he may make himself unclean: He shall not make himself unclean being a chief among his people, - by profaning himself:
And, as for the high priest from among his brethren upon whose head is poured the anointing oil, and who is installed, by putting on the garments, His head, shall he not bare, And, his garments, shall he not rend; And, unto no persons b of the dead, shall he go in, - For his father or for his mother, shall he not make himself unclean;
All the days for which he hath separated himself unto Yahweh to no dead person, shall he go in. Neither for his father nor for his mother nor for his brother nor for his sister, shall he make himself unclean-not even for them, should they die, - because, his separation unto God, is upon his head,
He that toucheth the dead, even any human person, shall be unclean seven days.
and, all the elders of that city who are nearest unto the slain, shall bathe their hands over the heifer that hath boon beheaded in the ravine,
I will bathe, in pureness, my hands, - so will I go in procession around thine altar, O Yahweh;
Wilt thou cleanse me from sin with hyssop, That I may be pure? Wilt thou wash me, That I may be whiter, than snow?
And I will throw upon you clean water and ye shall he clean, - From all your uncleannesses and from all your manufactured gods, will I cleanse you;
And unto no dead person, shall they go in. to defile themselves,- Save that for father or for mother or for son or for daughter, for brother or for sister who hath belonged to no husband they may defile themselves.
They shall not pour out to Yahweh - wine, neither shall they be pleasing to him, their sacrifices, are as the food of mourning to them, all that eat thereof, shall defile themselves, because, their food for their appetite, entereth not into the house of Yahweh.
Then said Haggai, If one who is defiled for a dead person touch any of these, shall it be defiled? And the priests answered and said, It shall be defiled.
And 1o! a leper, coming near, began to bow down to him saying, - Lord! if thou be willing, thou canst cleanse me. And, stretching forth the hand, he touched him, saying, - I am willing, be cleansed! And, straightway, cleansed was his leprosy. read more. And Jesus saith unto him, Mind! tell, no one, - but withdraw, thyself, shew to the priest, and offer the gift which Moses directed, for a witness unto them.
Alas for you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites; because ye make yourselves like sepulchres whitewashed, which, outside, indeed, appear, beautiful, but, within, are full, of dead men's bones and all uncleanness, -
And Pilate, seeing, that, nothing, it availed, but rather, a tumult, was arising, taking water, washed his hands of it before the multitude, saying - Innocent, am I, of the blood of this man, - Ye, shall see to it for yourselves.
Alas for you! because ye are as the secret tombs: even the men that are walking above them, know it not.
Of immersions - in respect of teaching, and of the laying on of hands, of the resurrection of the dead, and of judgment age-abiding; -
Only as to eatings, and drinkings, and diversified immersions, - righteous-appointments of the flesh, which, until a season of rectifying, are in force.
For, when every commandment according to the law had been spoken by Moses unto all the people, taking the blood of the calves and the goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, both, the scroll itself, and all the people, he sprinkled;
Let us approach with a genuine heart, in full assurance of faith, having been sprinkled, as to our hearts, from an evil conscience, and bathed, as to our bodies, with pure water;
Fausets
The outward purification with water, symbolizing man's need of inward purity before admission into God's presence. (See LEPER; PRIEST; BIRTH; NAZARITE.) Le 11:25,40; 12:6,8/type/emb'>8,8/type/emb'>8; Lu 2:22-24; Numbers 19; 31. See HEIFER; RED.) Heb 9:13.) The rabbis multiplied unauthorized purifications, e.g. cups, pots, couches. etc. (Mr 7:3; Joh 2:6.)
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and whosoever beareth away aught of the carcase of them, shall wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening.
And, he that eateth of the carcase of it, shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the evening, - he also that carrieth away the carcase thereof shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the evening.
And, when the days of her purification are fulfilled, whether for a son or for a daughter, she shall bring in a lamb, the choice of its year, as an ascending-sacrifice, and a young pigeon or a turtle-dove, as a sin-bearer, unto the entrance of the tent of meeting, unto the priest;
But, if her hand findeth not sufficiency for a lamb, then shall she take two turtle doves or two young pigeons, one for an ascending-sacrifice and one for a sin-bearer, - so shall the priest put a propitiatory-covering over her, and she shall he clean.
But, if her hand findeth not sufficiency for a lamb, then shall she take two turtle doves or two young pigeons, one for an ascending-sacrifice and one for a sin-bearer, - so shall the priest put a propitiatory-covering over her, and she shall he clean.
For, the Pharisees, and all the Jews, unless with care they wash their hands, eat not, holding fast the tradition of the elders;
And, when the days of their purification, according to the law of Moses, were fulfilled, they took him up into Jerusalem, to present him unto the Lord, - according as it is written in the law of the Lord - Every male that is a firstborn, Holy unto the Lord, shall be called, read more. and to give a sacrifice, according to that which is said in the law of the Lord - A pair of turtle-doves, or two young pigeons.
Now there were there, six stone water-vessels, placed, according to the purification of the Jews; holding each, two or three measures.
For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling the profaned, halloweth unto the purity of the flesh,
Hastings
Morish
In the law there were many ceremonial defilements, each of which had its appointed purification. To these the scribes and Pharisees added others, such as washing the hands before eating, washing cups and plates
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and, observing certain of his disciples, that, with defiled hands, that is unwashed, they are eating bread, - - For, the Pharisees, and all the Jews, unless with care they wash their hands, eat not, holding fast the tradition of the elders; read more. and coming from market, unless they sprinkle themselves, they eat not, - and, many other things, there are, which they have accepted to hold fast - immersions of cups and measures and copper vessels - - and so the Pharisees and the Scribes, question, him - For what cause do thy disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but, with defiled hands, eat bread? But, he, said unto them - Well, prophesied Isaiah concerning you, ye hypocrites, as it is written - This people, with the lips do honour me, while, their heart, far off, holdeth from me, - But, in vain, do they pay devotions unto me, teaching for teachings, the commandments of men; Having, dismissed, the commandment, of God, ye, hold fast, the tradition, of men.
and made no distinction at all betwixt us and them, by their faith, purifying their hearts.
How much rather shall the blood of the Christ, who through an age-abiding spirit offered himself unspotted unto God, purify our conscience from dead works, to the rendering of divine-service, unto a Living God?
Draw near unto God, and he will draw near unto you. Cleanse hands, sinners! Chasten hearts, double souls!
Having purified, your souls, by the obedience of the truth, unto unfeigned brotherly affection, from the heart, love, one another, earnestly;
Smith
Purification,
in its legal and technical sense, is applied to the ritual observances whereby an Israelite was formally absolved from the taint of uncleanness. The essence of purification, in all eases, consisted in the use of water, whether by way of ablution or aspersion; but in the majora delicta of legal uncleanness, sacrifices of various kinds were added and the ceremonies throughout bore an expiatory character. Ablution of the person and of the clothes was required in the cases mentioned in
In cases of childbirth the sacrifice was increased to a lamb of the first year, with a pigeon or turtle-dove.
The ceremonies of purification required in cases of contact with a corpse or a grave are detailed in
... The purification of the leper was a yet more formal proceeding, and indicated the highest pitch of uncleanness. The rites are described in
The necessity of purification was extended in the post-Babylonian Period to a variety of unauthorized cases. Cups and pots and brazen vessels were washed as a matter of ritual observance.
The washing of the hands before meals was conducted in a formal manner.
What play have been the specific causes of uncleanness in those who came up to purify themselves before the Passover,
Joh 11:55
or in those who had taken upon themselves the Nazarites' vow,
we are not informed. In conclusion it may he observed that the distinctive feature. In the Mosaic rites of purification is their expiatory character. The idea of uncleanness was not peculiar to the Jew; but with all other nations simple ablution sufficed: no sacrifices were demanded. The Jew alone was taught by the use of expiatory offerings to discern to its fullest extent the connection between the outward sign and the inward fount of impurity.
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But, if her hand findeth not sufficiency for a lamb, then shall she take two turtle doves or two young pigeons, one for an ascending-sacrifice and one for a sin-bearer, - so shall the priest put a propitiatory-covering over her, and she shall he clean.
For, the Pharisees, and all the Jews, unless with care they wash their hands, eat not, holding fast the tradition of the elders; and coming from market, unless they sprinkle themselves, they eat not, - and, many other things, there are, which they have accepted to hold fast - immersions of cups and measures and copper vessels - -
Now the passover of the Jews was at hand, and many went up unto Jerusalem, out of the country, before the passover, that they might purify themselves.
Taking these unto thee, be purified with them, and spend something upon them, that they may shave their head; and all will get to know, that the things which they have heard rumoured concerning thee, are, nothing, - on the contrary, thou thyself, dost keep the ranks, guarding the law.
Then Paul, taking unto him the men, on the next day, with them, being purified, began entering into the temple to declare the filling up of the days of the purification - until, the offering, had been presented for each one of them.