Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
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beginning from the baptism of John, unto the day that he was received up from us, of these must one become a witness with us of his resurrection.
But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and spake forth unto them,'saying , Ye men of Judaea, and all ye that dwell at Jerusalem, be this known unto you, and give ear unto my words.
And the young men arose and wrapped him round, and they carried him out and buried him.
And the twelve called the multitude of the disciples unto them, and said, It is not fit that we should forsake the word of God, and serve tables.
which also they did, sending it to the elders by the hand of Barnabas and Saul.
But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him forth out of the prison. And he said, Tell these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went to another place.
But Elymas the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) withstood them, seeking to turn aside the proconsul from the faith.
But when the apostles, Barnabas and Paul, heard of it, they rent their garments, and sprang forth among the multitude, crying out
And when they had appointed for them elders in every church, and had prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord, on whom they had believed.
And God, who knoweth the heart, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Spirit, even as he did unto us;
Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole church, to choose men out of their company, and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely , Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren:
And from Miletus he sent to Ephesus, and called to him the elders of the church.
Take heed unto yourselves, and to all the flock, in which the Holy Spirit hath made you bishops, to feed the church of the Lord which he purchased with his own blood.
And on the morrow we departed, and came unto Caesarea: and entering into the house of Philip the evangelist, who was one of the seven, we abode with him. Now this man had four virgin daughters, who prophesied.
And the day following Paul went in with us unto James; and all the elders were present.
or he that exhorteth, to his exhorting: he that giveth, let him do it with liberality; he that ruleth, with diligence; he that showeth mercy, with cheerfulness.
I commend unto you Phoebe our sister, who is a servant of the church that is at Cenchreae:
Salute Andronicus and Junias, my kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also have been in Christ before me.
I say this to move you to shame. What, cannot there be found among you one wise man who shall be able to decide between his brethren,
Wherefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
But every woman praying or prophesying with her head unveiled dishonoreth her head; for it is one and the same thing as if she were shaven.
Doth not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a dishonor to him?
And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondly prophets, thirdly teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, divers kinds of tongues.
And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondly prophets, thirdly teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, divers kinds of tongues.
and that he appeared to Cephas; then to the twelve;
Paul, an apostle (not from men, neither through man, but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead),
But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord's brother.
(for he that wrought for Peter unto the apostleship of the circumcision wrought for me also unto the Gentiles);
being built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the chief corner stone;
which in other generation was not made known unto the sons of men, as it hath now been revealed unto his holy apostles and prophets in the Spirit;
And he gave some to be apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;
And he gave some to be apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;
Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus, to all the saints in Christ Jesus that are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:
But we beseech you, brethren, to know them that labor among you, and are over you in the Lord, and admonish you;
Women in like manner must be grave, not slanderers, temperate, faithful in all things.
Rebuke not an elder, but exhort him as a father; the younger men as brethren:
Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and in teaching.
Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and in teaching.
For this cause left I thee in Crete, that thou shouldest set in order the things that were wanting, and appoint elders in every city, as I gave thee charge;
For the bishop must be blameless, as God's steward; not self-willed, not soon angry, no brawler, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre;
Remember them that had the rule over you, men that spake unto you the word of God; and considering the issue of their life, imitate their faith.
Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit to them : for they watch in behalf of your souls, as they that shall give account; that they may do this with joy, and not with grief: for this were unprofitable for you.
But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by the heaven, nor by the earth, nor by any other oath: but let your yea be yea, and your nay, nay; that ye fall not under judgment.
Is any among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord:
The elders among you I exhort, who am a fellow-elder, and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, who am also a partaker of the glory that shall be revealed:
But I have this against thee, that thou sufferest the woman Jezebel, who calleth herself a prophetess; and she teacheth and seduceth my servants to commit fornication, and to eat things sacrificed to idols.
And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.