Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
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from the baptism of John, till the day that He was taken up from us, should be joined with us as a witness of his resurrection.
But Peter standing up with the eleven, raised his voice and said unto them, Ye men of Judea, and all ye that dwell at Jerusalem, be this known unto you, and listen to my words:
And some of the young men arose, and wrapped him up; and they carried him out, and buried him.
So the twelve called the multitude of the disciples to them and said, It is not seemly that we should leave the word of God and attend at tables.
Which they also did, sending it to the elders by the hand of Barnabas and Saul.
But he made a sign to them with his hand to be silent, and related to them, how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go, tell these things to James and to the other brethren. And he departed and went to another place.
But Elymas the magician (for so his name signifies) withstood them endeavouring to turn away the proconsul from the faith.
But the apostles Barnabas and Paul, when they heard of it, rent their clothes, and ran in among the people,
And when they had appointed them elders in every church, praying and fasting, they recommended them to the Lord, in whom they had believed.
And God who knoweth the heart, bare witness to them, giving them the holy Spirit, as He had done also to us:
Then it seemed good to the apostles, and elders, and the whole church, to send men chose from among themselves to Antioch along with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas sirnamed Barsabas, and Silas; leading men among the brethren:
But he sent from Miletus to Ephesus, and called the elders of the church.
Take heed therefore to yourselves, and to all the flock, in which the holy Spirit hath appointed you bishops, to feed the church of God, which He purchased with his own blood.
On the morrow Paul and those that were with him departed from Ptolemais, and came to Cesarea; and entering into the house of Philip the evangelist, who was one of the seven deacons, we stayed with him. And he had four daughters virgins, that were prophetesses.
And the next day Paul went in with us to James: and all the elders were present.
he that distributeth, let him do it with integrity: he that presideth, with diligence: he that sheweth mercy, with chearfulness.
I recommend to you Phebe, our sister, who is a servant of the church in Cenchrea:
Salute Andronicus and Junias my kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, who are men of note among the apostles, and who were in Christ before me.
I speak it to your shame. What! is there not one wise man among you, that is able to judge between his bretheren?
Wherefore, my beloved brethren, flee from idolatry.
But every woman praying or prophesying with her head unveiled dishonoureth man her head; for it is even all one as if she were shaved.
Doth not even nature itself teach you, that if a man have long hair, it is a disgrace to him?
And God hath placed you accordingly in the church, first apostles, secondly prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miraculous powers, then gifts of healing, helps, governments, and various kinds of tongues.
And God hath placed you accordingly in the church, first apostles, secondly prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miraculous powers, then gifts of healing, helps, governments, and various kinds of tongues.
And that he was seen by Cephas, then by the twelve:
Paul an apostle (not from men, nor by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised Him from the dead),
But I saw no other of the apostles, except James the brother of our Lord.
(for He who wrought effectually in Peter as to the apostleship of the circumcision, wrought effectually also in me as to the gentiles:)
being built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner-stone:
which in other generations was not made known to men, as it is now revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit; that the Gentiles should be co-heirs,
And therefore He gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers; to qualify holy men for the work of the ministry,
And therefore He gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers; to qualify holy men for the work of the ministry,
Paul and Timothy, servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus, which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:
And we entreat you, brethren, to respect those that labour among you, and preside over you in the Lord, and instruct you;
And their wives likewise grave, not slanderers, sober, and faithful in all things.
Do not chide a senior, but exhort him as a father; and younger men as brethren:
Let the elders, who preside well, be counted worthy of double honor, especially those that labour in preaching and teaching.
Let the elders, who preside well, be counted worthy of double honor, especially those that labour in preaching and teaching.
For this cause I left thee in Crete, that thou mightest set in order what remained, and ordain elders in every city as I directed thee:
For a bishop must be blameless as the steward of God, not self-willed, not passionate, not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of sordid gain:
Remember your guides, who spake the word of God to you; whose faith imitate, considering the happy end of their conversation.
Be ruled by those that are your guides, and submit to them: for they watch for your souls; (as those that must give an account) that they may do it with joy and not with uneasiness: for this were unprofitable for you.
But above all, my brethren, swear not; neither by heaven, nor by the earth, nor any other oath: but let your yea be yea, and your nay nay; that ye may not fall under condemnation.
Is any sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord:
The elders that are among you I exhort, who am also an elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and a partaker of the glory which shall be revealed; feed the flock of God that is among you,
But I have a few things against thee; because thou sufferest the woman Jezabel, who saith that she is a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my servants to commit fornication and to eat things sacrificed to idols.
And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.