Reference: Covenant, Book of The
Hastings
The oldest code of Hebrew law which has come down to us is contained in Ex 20:22 to Ex 23:33. It receives its name from the expression in Ex 24:7, while its character as a covenant is demonstrated by the promises attached to the keeping of it (Ex 23:20-33). Owing to the confused form in which the Book of Exodus has been transmitted, doubt has been expressed as to the limits of the Book of the Covenant. Some maintain that the words in Ex 24:7 refer only to ch. 23; others would make them include 21
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And God spoke all these words, saying, I am LORD thy God, who brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. read more. Thou shall have no other gods before me. Thou shall not make to thee a graven image, nor any likeness [of anything] that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shall not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them, for I, LORD thy God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, upon the third and upon the fourth generation of those who hate me, and showing loving kindness to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments. Thou shall not take the name of LORD thy God in vain, for LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days thou shall labor, and do all thy work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to LORD thy God. Thou shall not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates, for in six days LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore LORD blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it. Honor thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long in the land which LORD thy God gives thee. Thou shall not murder. Thou shall not commit adultery. Thou shall not steal. Thou shall not bear FALSE witness against thy neighbor. Thou shall not covet thy neighbor's house. Thou shall not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is thy neighbor's.
And LORD said to Moses, Thus thou shall say to the sons of Israel, Ye yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven.
And LORD said to Moses, Thus thou shall say to the sons of Israel, Ye yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven.
An altar of earth thou shall make to me, and shall sacrifice on it thy burnt-offerings, and thy peace-offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen. In every place where I record my name I will come to thee and I will bless thee. And if thou make to me an altar of stone, thou shall not build it of hewn stones, for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou have polluted it. read more. Neither shall thou go up by steps to my altar, that thy nakedness be not uncovered on it.
Now these are the ordinances which thou shall set before them. If thou buy a Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve, and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing. read more. If he comes in by himself, he shall go out by himself. If he be married, then his wife shall go out with him. If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her sons shall be her master's, and he shall go out by himself. But if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my sons, I will not go out free, then his master shall bring him to God, and shall bring him to the door, or to the door-post, and his master shall bore his ear through with an awl, and he shall serve him forever. And if a man sells his daughter to be a maid-servant, she shall not go out as the men-servants do. If she does not please her master, who has espoused her to himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He shall have no power to sell her to a foreign people, since he has dealt deceitfully with her. And if he espouses her to his son, he shall deal with her according to the manner of daughters. If he takes him another [wife], her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, he shall not diminish. And if he does not do these three things to her, then she shall go out for nothing, without money. He who smites a man, so that he dies, shall surely be put to death.
He who smites a man, so that he dies, shall surely be put to death.
He who smites a man, so that he dies, shall surely be put to death. And if a man does not lay in wait, but God delivers [him] into his hand, then I will appoint for thee a place where he shall flee. read more. And if a man comes presumptuously upon his neighbor, to kill him with guile, thou shall take him from my altar, that he may die. And he who smites his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death.
And he who smites his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death. And he who steals a man, and sells him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.
And he who steals a man, and sells him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death. And he who curses his father or his mother, shall surely be put to death.
And he who curses his father or his mother, shall surely be put to death. And if men contend, and one smites the other with a stone, or with his fist, and he does not die, but keeps his bed, read more. if he rises again, and walks abroad upon his staff, then he who smote him shall be acquitted. Only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall cause him to be thoroughly healed. And if a man smites his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he dies under his hand, he shall surely be punished. Notwithstanding, if he continues a day or two, he shall not be punished, for he is his money. And if men strive together, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart, and yet no harm follow, he shall be surely fined, according as the woman's husband shall lay upon him, and he shall pay as the judges determine. But if any harm follows, then thou shall give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. And if a man smites the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, and destroys it, he shall let him go free for his eye's sake.
And if a man smites the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, and destroys it, he shall let him go free for his eye's sake. And if he knocks out his man-servant's tooth, or his maid-servant's tooth, he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake. read more. And if an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the ox shall surely be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten, but the owner of the ox shall be acquitted.
And if an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the ox shall surely be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten, but the owner of the ox shall be acquitted. But if the ox was accustomed to gore in time past, and it has been testified to its owner, and he has not kept it in, but it has killed a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned, and its owner shall also be put to death. read more. If a ransom is laid on him, then he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is laid upon him. Whether it has gored a son, or has gored a daughter, according to this judgment it shall be done to him. If the ox gores a man-servant or a maid-servant, there shall be given to their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned. And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit and not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls in it, the owner of the pit shall make it good; he shall give money to the owner of it, and the dead [beast] shall be his. And if one man's ox hurts another's, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the price of it, and the dead they shall also divide. Or if it be known that the ox was accustomed to gore in time past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall surely pay ox for ox, and the dead [beast] shall be his own.
If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it, he shall pay five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. If the thief is found breaking in, and be smitten so that he dies, there shall be no bloodguiltiness for him. read more. If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be bloodguiltiness for him. [A thief] shall make restitution. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft. If the theft is found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or donkey, or sheep, he shall pay double. If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall let his beast loose, and it feeds in another man's field, he shall make restitution of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard. If fire breaks out, and catches in thorns, so that the shocks of grain, or the standing grain, or the field are consumed, he who kindled the fire shall surely make restitution. If a man shall deliver to his neighbor money or stuff to keep, and it be stolen out of the man's house, if the thief be found, he shall pay double. If the thief is not found, then the master of the house shall come near to God, [to see] whether he has not put his hand to his neighbor's goods. For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for raiment, [or] for any manner of lost thing, of which a man says, This is it, the case of both parties shall come before God. He whom God shall condemn s If a man delivers to his neighbor a donkey, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep, and it dies, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it,
If a man delivers to his neighbor a donkey, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep, and it dies, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it, the oath of LORD shall be between them both, whether he has not put his hand to his neighbor's goods. And the owner of it shall accept it, and he shall not make restitution. read more. But if it is stolen from him, he shall make restitution to the owner of it. If it is torn in pieces, let him bring it for evidence. He shall not make good that which was torn. And if a man borrows anything of his neighbor, and it be hurt, or die, the owner of it not being with it, he shall surely make restitution. If the owner of it is with it, he shall not make it good. If it be a hired thing, it came for its hire. And if a man entices a virgin who is not betrothed, and lays with her, he shall surely pay a dowry for her to be his wife. If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins. Thou shall not allow a sorceress to live. Whoever lays with a beast shall surely be put to death. He who sacrifices to any god, except to LORD only, shall be utterly destroyed. And thou shall not wrong a sojourner, neither shall thou oppress him, for ye were sojourners in the land of Egypt.
If thou lend money to any of my people with thee who is poor, thou shall not be to him as a creditor, neither shall ye lay upon him interest. If thou at all take thy neighbor's garment to pledge, thou shall restore it to him before the sun goes down, read more. for that is his only covering. It is his garment for his skin. How shall he sleep? And it shall come to pass, when he cries to me, that I will hear, for I am gracious. Thou shall not revile the gods, nor {speak maliciously (LXX/NT)} of a ruler of thy people. Thou shall not delay to offer from thy harvest, and from the outflow of thy presses. The first-born of thy sons thou shall give to me.
Thou shall not delay to offer from thy harvest, and from the outflow of thy presses. The first-born of thy sons thou shall give to me. Likewise thou shall do with thine oxen, [and] with thy sheep. Seven days it shall be with its dam. On the eighth day thou shall give it me. read more. And ye shall be holy men to me. Therefore ye shall not eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field. Ye shall cast it to the dogs.
Thou shall not take up a FALSE report. Do not put thy hand with the wicked man to be an unrighteous witness. Thou shall not follow a multitude to do evil, neither shall thou speak in a case to turn aside after a multitude to distort [justice], read more. neither shall thou favor a poor man in his case.
Thou shall not distort the justice [due] to thy poor in his case. Keep thee far from a FALSE matter. And do not kill an innocent and righteous man, for I will not justify a wicked man. read more. And thou shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds those who have sight, and perverts the words of the righteous.
And six years thou shall sow thy land, and shall gather in the increase of it, but the seventh year thou shall let it rest and lay fallow, that the poor of thy people may eat, and what they leave the beast of the field shall eat. In like manner thou shall deal with thy vineyard, [and] with thy oliveyard. read more. Six days thou shall do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shall rest, that thine ox and thy donkey may have rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the sojourner, may be refreshed.
Three times thou shall keep a feast to me in the year. Thou shall keep the feast of unleavened bread (Seven days thou shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, at the time appointed in the month Abib, for in it thou came out from Egypt, and none shall appear before me empty), read more. and the feast of harvest, the first-fruits of thy labors, which thou sow in the field, and the feast of ingathering at the end of the year, when thou gather in thy labors out of the field.
and the feast of harvest, the first-fruits of thy labors, which thou sow in the field, and the feast of ingathering at the end of the year, when thou gather in thy labors out of the field. Three times in the year all thy males shall appear before lord LORD. read more. Thou shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread, neither shall the fat of my feast remain all night until the morning. The first of the first-fruits of thy ground thou shall bring into the house of LORD thy God. Thou shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk. Behold, I send a [heavenly] agent before thee, to keep thee by the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared.
Behold, I send a [heavenly] agent before thee, to keep thee by the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared. Take ye heed before him, and hearken to his voice, provoke him not. For he will not pardon your transgression, for my name is in him.
Take ye heed before him, and hearken to his voice, provoke him not. For he will not pardon your transgression, for my name is in him. But if thou shall indeed hearken to his voice, and do all that I speak, then I will be an enemy to thine enemies, and an adversary to thine adversaries.
But if thou shall indeed hearken to his voice, and do all that I speak, then I will be an enemy to thine enemies, and an adversary to thine adversaries. For my [heavenly] agent shall go before thee, and bring thee in to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Canaanite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, and I will cut them off.
For my [heavenly] agent shall go before thee, and bring thee in to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Canaanite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, and I will cut them off.
For my [heavenly] agent shall go before thee, and bring thee in to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Canaanite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, and I will cut them off. Thou shall not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their works, but thou shall utterly overthrow them, and break their pillars in pieces.
Thou shall not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their works, but thou shall utterly overthrow them, and break their pillars in pieces. And ye shall serve LORD your God, and he will bless thy bread, and thy water, and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee.
And ye shall serve LORD your God, and he will bless thy bread, and thy water, and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee. There shall none cast her young, nor be barren, in thy land; I will fulfill the number of thy days.
There shall none cast her young, nor be barren, in thy land; I will fulfill the number of thy days. I will send my terror before thee, and will destroy all the people to whom thou shall come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs to thee.
I will send my terror before thee, and will destroy all the people to whom thou shall come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs to thee. And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.
And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.
And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee. I will not drive them out from before thee in one year, lest the land become desolate, and the beasts of the field multiply against thee.
I will not drive them out from before thee in one year, lest the land become desolate, and the beasts of the field multiply against thee.
I will not drive them out from before thee in one year, lest the land become desolate, and the beasts of the field multiply against thee. Little by little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land.
Little by little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land.
Little by little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land. And I will set thy border from the Red Sea even to the sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness to the River. For I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and thou shall drive them out before thee.
And I will set thy border from the Red Sea even to the sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness to the River. For I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and thou shall drive them out before thee.
And I will set thy border from the Red Sea even to the sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness to the River. For I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and thou shall drive them out before thee. Thou shall make no covenant with them, nor with their gods.
Thou shall make no covenant with them, nor with their gods. They shall not dwell in thy land, lest they make thee sin against me, for if thou serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to thee.
They shall not dwell in thy land, lest they make thee sin against me, for if thou serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to thee.
They shall not dwell in thy land, lest they make thee sin against me, for if thou serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to thee.
And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of the people. And they said, All that LORD has spoken will we do, and be obedient.
And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of the people. And they said, All that LORD has spoken will we do, and be obedient.