Reference: Ecclesiastes
American
The preacher, the name of a book of the Old Testament, usually ascribed to Solomon. Compare 1Ki 3:12 and Ec 1:16; 1Ki 10:21,27 and Ec 2:4-9; 1Ki 11:3-4 and 25/type/leb'>Ex 7:25,25. It appears to have been written by Solomon in his old age, when freed from the entanglements of idolatry, luxury, and lust, B. C. 977. It is a discourse upon the true wisdom; with many isolated precepts, illustrated from his own unexampled experience and from the most sagacious observation of the course of life; the whole demonstrating the vanity of all earthly good, and showing that there is a better life to come, and that the only true wisdom is to "fear God and keep his commandments." This, he says, is the conclusion of the whole matter, Ec 12:13. In reading this book, care should be taken not to deduce opinions from detached sentiments, but from the general scope and combined force of the whole.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
behold, I do hereby do according to your word. I hereby give you a wise and discerning heart; there was no one like you before you, nor afterwards will one like you arise.
{I said to myself}, "Look! I have become great and have increased [in] wisdom more than anyone who {has preceded} me over Jerusalem. {I have acquired a great deal of wisdom and knowledge}."
{I accomplished great things}. I built for myself houses; I planted for myself vineyards. I made for myself gardens and parks, and I planted all [sorts of] fruit trees in them. read more. I made for myself pools of water from which to irrigate a grove of flourishing trees. I acquired male slaves and female slaves, as well as children [born in my] house. I also had livestock, cattle, and flocks more than anyone who [was] before me in Jerusalem. I also gathered to myself silver and gold--the royal and provincial treasuries. I acquired for myself male and female singers, as well as the delight of {men}, {voluptuous concubines}. Thus, {I accomplished far more} than anyone who [was] before me in Jerusalem--indeed, my wisdom stood by me.
Now that all has been heard, here is the final conclusion: Fear God and obey his commandments, for this [is] the whole [duty] of man.
Easton
the Greek rendering of the Hebrew Koheleth, which means "Preacher." The old and traditional view of the authorship of this book attributes it to Solomon. This view can be satisfactorily maintained, though others date it from the Captivity. The writer represents himself implicitly as Solomon (Ec 1:12). It has been appropriately styled The Confession of King Solomon. "The writer is a man who has sinned in giving way to selfishness and sensuality, who has paid the penalty of that sin in satiety and weariness of life, but who has through all this been under the discipline of a divine education, and has learned from it the lesson which God meant to teach him." "The writer concludes by pointing out that the secret of a true life is that a man should consecrate the vigour of his youth to God." The key-note of the book is sounded in Ec 1:2,
Vanity of vanities! saith the Preacher, Vanity of vanities! all is vanity!
i.e., all man's efforts to find happiness apart from God are without result.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
"Vanity of vanities!" says the Teacher, "Vanity of vanities! All [is] vanity!"
Hastings
ECCLESIASTES
1. Title and Canonicity.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
A generation goes, and a generation comes, but the earth stands forever. The sun rises, and the sun goes down; to its place it hurries, and there it rises again. read more. The wind goes to the south and goes around to the north; around and around it goes, and on its circuit the wind returns. All the streams flow to the sea, but the sea is never full; to the place where the streams flow, there they continue to flow. All things toil continuously; no one can ever finish describing this. The eye is never satisfied with seeing, and the ear is never filled with hearing. What has been--it is what will be; what has been done--it is what will be done; there is nothing new under the sun. There is a thing [of] which it is said, "Look at this! This is new!" [But] it already existed in ages past before us. There is neither remembrance of former generations, nor will there be remembrance of future generations. I, the Teacher, [was] king over Israel in Jerusalem.
What is twisted cannot be straightened, and what is lacking cannot be counted.
I said {to myself}, "Come! I will test pleasure {to see whether it is worthwhile}." But look, "This also [is] vanity!" I said of laughter, "[It is] folly!" and of pleasure, "{What does it accomplish?}" read more. I also {explored} {the effects of indulging my flesh} with wine. My mind guiding me with wisdom, {I investigated} folly so that I might discover what [is] good under heaven for {humans} to do {during the days of their lives}. {I accomplished great things}. I built for myself houses; I planted for myself vineyards.
{I accomplished great things}. I built for myself houses; I planted for myself vineyards. I made for myself gardens and parks, and I planted all [sorts of] fruit trees in them.
I made for myself gardens and parks, and I planted all [sorts of] fruit trees in them. I made for myself pools of water from which to irrigate a grove of flourishing trees.
I made for myself pools of water from which to irrigate a grove of flourishing trees. I acquired male slaves and female slaves, as well as children [born in my] house. I also had livestock, cattle, and flocks more than anyone who [was] before me in Jerusalem.
I acquired male slaves and female slaves, as well as children [born in my] house. I also had livestock, cattle, and flocks more than anyone who [was] before me in Jerusalem. I also gathered to myself silver and gold--the royal and provincial treasuries. I acquired for myself male and female singers, as well as the delight of {men}, {voluptuous concubines}.
I also gathered to myself silver and gold--the royal and provincial treasuries. I acquired for myself male and female singers, as well as the delight of {men}, {voluptuous concubines}. Thus, {I accomplished far more} than anyone who [was] before me in Jerusalem--indeed, my wisdom stood by me.
Thus, {I accomplished far more} than anyone who [was] before me in Jerusalem--indeed, my wisdom stood by me. I neither withheld anything from my eyes that they desired, nor did I deprive any pleasure from my heart. My heart rejoiced in all my toil, for this was my reward from all my toil. read more. Yet when I considered all the effort which I expended and the toil with which I toiled to do, then behold, "Everything [is] vanity and chasing wind! There is nothing profitable under the sun!"
Yet when I considered all the effort which I expended and the toil with which I toiled to do, then behold, "Everything [is] vanity and chasing wind! There is nothing profitable under the sun!"
Yet when I considered all the effort which I expended and the toil with which I toiled to do, then behold, "Everything [is] vanity and chasing wind! There is nothing profitable under the sun!" Next, I considered wisdom, as well as delusion and folly. What can anyone [do] who will come after the king that has not already been done?
There is nothing better for a person than to eat and drink and {find delight} in his toil. For I also realized that this [is] from the hand of God!
For to the person who [is] good in his eyes, he gives wisdom, knowledge, and joy; but to the sinner he gives the task of gathering and heaping up only to give [it] to [him who is] pleasing to him. This also [is] vanity and chasing wind!
For everything there [is] an appointed time, a time for every matter under heaven: a time to bear and a time to die; a time to plant and a time to root up [what is] planted; read more. a time to kill and a time to heal; a time to break down and a time to build up; a time to weep and a time to laugh; a time to mourn and a time to dance; a time to throw away stones and a time to gather stones; a time to embrace and a time to refrain from embracing; a time to seek and a time to lose; a time to keep and a time to throw away; a time to tear and a time to sew; a time to be silent and a time to speak; a time to love and a time to hate; a time [for] war and a time [for] peace. What does the worker gain in his toil?
He has made everything suitable in its time. He also has put {the past} in their hearts, yet no one can grasp what God does from the beginning to the end. So I realized that there is {nothing better} for them than to {rejoice and enjoy themselves} during their lives.
I know everything God does endures forever; nothing can be added to it, and nothing can be taken from it, for God so acts that humans might stand in awe before him.
I know everything God does endures forever; nothing can be added to it, and nothing can be taken from it, for God so acts that humans might stand in awe before him. What is--it already was, and what will be--it already is, for {God will do what he has done.} read more. I saw something else under the sun: instead of justice [there was] evil; instead of righteousness [there was] wickedness. So I said {to myself}, "God will surely judge the righteous and the wicked, for he has appointed a time [of judgment] for every deed and every work." I said to myself concerning {humans}, "God sifts them in order to show them that they are like beasts."
So I concluded that there is nothing better for a person than to enjoy [the fruit of] his labor, for this is his lot in life. {For no one knows what will happen in the future.}
I looked again, and I saw all the oppression that occurs under the sun. {I saw the tears of the oppressed-- no one comforts them! Those who oppress them are powerful-- no one can comfort them}!
{The fool refuses to work with his hands, so he has nothing to eat except his own skin}!
Two [are] better than the one, for they enjoy a better reward for their toil. For if one falls, his companion may help him up. But pity the one who falls and there is {no one} to help him up. read more. Also if two lie together, {they can keep each other warm}. But how can one person be warm? {Although an assailant may overpower one person, two may withstand him}. A threefold cord {is not easily broken}! A poor but wise youth [is] better than an old but foolish king who no longer knows {how to receive advice}. For he came out of the prison house to reign, {since he was born poor in his kingdom}. I saw all the living who move about under the sun with the youth; the second who will stand in his place. There is no end to all the people, to all who were before him. Yet the later generation will not rejoice in him, for this also [is] vanity and chasing wind!
Guard your steps when you go to the house of God; draw near to listen [rather] than to offer a sacrifice of fools, for they do not know that they are doing evil.
Guard your steps when you go to the house of God; draw near to listen [rather] than to offer a sacrifice of fools, for they do not know that they are doing evil. Do not be rash with your mouth, and do not let your heart be quick to utter a word before God. For God is in heaven, and you [are] on earth; therefore, let your words be few.
Do not be rash with your mouth, and do not let your heart be quick to utter a word before God. For God is in heaven, and you [are] on earth; therefore, let your words be few. For a dream comes with many cares, and the voice of a fool with many words.
For a dream comes with many cares, and the voice of a fool with many words. When you make a vow to God, do not delay in fulfilling it, for {he takes no pleasure} in fools. Fulfill what you vow!
When you make a vow to God, do not delay in fulfilling it, for {he takes no pleasure} in fools. Fulfill what you vow! It is better that you not vow than that you vow and not fulfill it.
It is better that you not vow than that you vow and not fulfill it. Do not let your mouth lead your flesh into sin, and do not tell the messenger that it [was] a mistake. Why anger God at your words, so that he destroys the work of your hands?
Do not let your mouth lead your flesh into sin, and do not tell the messenger that it [was] a mistake. Why anger God at your words, so that he destroys the work of your hands? For with many dreams [come] vanities and numerous words. Therefore, fear God!
For with many dreams [come] vanities and numerous words. Therefore, fear God!
For with many dreams [come] vanities and numerous words. Therefore, fear God!
Also, he eats in darkness all his days; he is frustrated [in] much sickness and resentment. Look! I have discovered what is good and fitting: to eat and to drink and {to enjoy} all [the fruit of] the toil with which one toils under the sun during the number of the days of his life that God gives to him--for this [is] his lot. read more. This indeed is a gift of God: everyone to whom God gives wealth and possessions, he also empowers him {to enjoy them}, to accept his lot, and to rejoice in [the fruit of] his toil.
This indeed is a gift of God: everyone to whom God gives wealth and possessions, he also empowers him {to enjoy them}, to accept his lot, and to rejoice in [the fruit of] his toil.
All of a man's toil [is] for his mouth-- yet his appetite is never satisfied.
{Better to be content with what your eyes see than for your soul to constantly crave more}. This also [is] vanity and chasing wind! Whatever is--it was already determined, {what will be--it has already been decided}. As for man, he cannot argue against what is more powerful than him.
For who knows what [is] good for a man in his life during the few days of his fleeting life, which are fleeting as a shadow? For who can tell anyone what will happen {in the future} under the sun?
A good name [is] better than precious ointment, and the day of death [is better] than the day of one's birth.
The heart of the wise [is] in the house of mourning, but the heart of fools [is] in the house of mirth. Better to listen to [the] rebuke of [the] wise than for a man to listen to [the] song of fools. read more. Like the sound of thorns under a pot, so also the laughter of fools. This also [is] vanity! Surely oppression makes a fool of the wise, and a bribe corrupts the heart. The end of a matter [is] better than its beginning; {better to be slow to anger than hot-headed}. Do not be quick in your spirit to anger, for anger lodges in the bosom of fools. Do not say, "Why were the former days better than these?" For [it is] not from wisdom [that] you ask this. Wisdom [is] good with an inheritance; {it benefits the living}. {For wisdom offers protection like money offers protection}. But knowledge [has] an advantage--wisdom restores life to its possessor. Consider the work of God. For who is able to make straight what he made crooked? In the day of prosperity, rejoice! But in the day of adversity, consider! For God made one in place of another so that mortals cannot find out what will happen {in the future}.
[It is] good to take hold of the one and also must not let go of the other; for whoever fears God will hold both of them secure. Wisdom gives more strength to the wise than ten rulers who are in the city.
I myself found [that] more bitter than death [is] the woman who [is] a trap, whose heart [is] a snare, and whose hands [are] bonds. The one who pleases God escapes from her, but the sinner is caught by her.
I myself found [that] more bitter than death [is] the woman who [is] a trap, whose heart [is] a snare, and whose hands [are] bonds. The one who pleases God escapes from her, but the sinner is caught by her. "Look! I found this," said the Teacher, "while trying to find how the plan fits together. read more. What my heart sought, I did not find. Although I found one righteous man among one thousand, I did not find one [upright] woman among all these. Look! This alone I found: God made mankind upright, but they have devised many schemes."
Who [is] like the sage? Who knows [the] interpretation of a thing? A man's wisdom makes his face shine, and the hardness of his face is changed. Keep [the] command of [the] king {because of your oath to God}.
Keep [the] command of [the] king {because of your oath to God}. Do not be terrified of his presence! Go at once and do not delay when a matter [is] unpleasant, for he can do anything that he desires. read more. Since the word of the king [is] supreme, no one can say to him, "What are you doing?" Whoever obeys [his] command will not suffer disaster. The wise mind knows the [proper] time and the right [procedure]. For there is a [proper] time and right [procedure] for every matter, even though the trouble of man [weighs] heavy upon him.
Meanwhile, I saw the wicked being [honorably] buried, but those who came and went from the holy place were forgotten in the city, even though they had done so. This also [is] vanity!
Meanwhile, I saw the wicked being [honorably] buried, but those who came and went from the holy place were forgotten in the city, even though they had done so. This also [is] vanity! Because sentence against an evil deed is not carried out quickly, the heart of {humans} fills up within them to do evil. read more. Although the sinner does evil a hundred times and prolongs his life, yet I also know that it will be good for those who fear God--because they fear {his presence}. But it will not go well with the wicked, and they will not prolong [their] days, like the shadow; because there is no fearing {God's presence}.
So I recommend enjoyment. For there [is] nothing better for man under the sun than to eat and to drink and to rejoice. This will accompany him in his toil the days of his life that God gives to him under the sun.
Then I saw all the work of God--man [is] not able to discover the work that is done under the sun. Although man may toil in seeking, he cannot find it. Even if a wise man claims [that he] knows it, he cannot find it.
Go--eat your food with joy, and drink your wine with a merry heart! For God already has approved your deeds. Always be clothed in white garments, and never let your head lack oil! read more. Enjoy life with the wife whom you love all the days of your vain life which he gives you under the sun, because this [is] your lot in life and in the toil with which you toil under the sun. Whatever your hand finds to do--do [it] with [all] your might; for in Sheol--where you are going--no one works, plans, knows, or thinks about anything.
I have also seen this [example of] wisdom under the sun, and it [seemed] great to me. [There was] a small city with few people in it. A great king came and besieged it, building great siege works against it. read more. Now, a poor wise man was found in it, and he delivered the city by his wisdom.
The words of the wise are heard in peace [more] than the shouting of a ruler [is heard] among the fools.
Dead flies cause a bad smell [and] ruin the ointment of the perfumer. So also a little folly outweighs wisdom and honor. The heart of the wise [inclines] to his right, but the heart of the fool [inclines] to his left. read more. Even when the fool walks along the road, he lacks sense; he tells everyone [that] he is a fool. If the anger of the ruler rises against you, do not leave your post, for calmness can undo great offenses. There is an evil I have seen under the sun-- [it is] an error that proceeds from a ruler! The fool is set in many high places, but the rich sit in lowly places. I have even seen slaves [riding] on horses and princes walking like slaves on the earth! Whoever digs a pit will fall into it. Whoever breaks through a wall, a snake will bite him. Whoever {quarries} stones will be wounded by them. Whoever splits logs will be endangered by them. If the ax is blunt but one does not sharpen its edge, {he must exert more effort}, but the advantage of wisdom [is] it brings success. If the snake bites before the charming, {the snake charmer will not succeed}. The wise man [wins] favor by the words of his mouth, but the fool is devoured by his own lips. He begins by saying what is foolish and ends by uttering what is wicked delusion. The fool {talks too much}, for no one knows what will be. Who can tell anyone what will happen {in the future}? The fool is so worn out by a hard day's work {he cannot even find his way home at night}. Woe to you, O land, when your king is a youth and your princes feast in the morning.
Through sloth the roof sinks in, and through idleness of hands the house leaks.
Do not curse the king even in your thoughts, and do not curse the rich even in your own bedroom, for a bird of the sky may carry your voice; a winged messenger may repeat your words.
Just as you do not know how the path of the wind [goes], nor how the bones [of a fetus] form in a mother's womb, so you do not know the work of God who makes everything.
Rejoice, O young man, in your youth, and let your heart cheer you in the days of your youth! Follow the ways of your heart and the sight of your eyes-- but know that God will bring you into judgment for all these things.
Remember your Creator in the days of your youth-- before the days of trouble come and the years draw near when you will say, "I find no pleasure in them!"
Remember your Creator in the days of your youth-- before the days of trouble come and the years draw near when you will say, "I find no pleasure in them!" Before the sun, the light, the moon, and the stars darken and the clouds return after the rain. read more. When the guards of the house tremble, and the men of strength are bent; the grinders cease because they are few, and those looking through the windows see dimly. When the doors on the street are shut, when the sound of the grinding mill is low; one rises up to the sound of the bird, and all the daughters of song are brought low. They are afraid of heights, and terrors [are] on the road. The almond tree blossoms, and the grasshopper draws itself along, and desire fails because man goes to his eternal home, and the mourners go about in the streets. Before the silver cord is snapped and the golden bowl is broken; and the jar at the foundation is broken, and the wheel at the cistern is broken. And the dust returns to the earth as it was, and the breath returns to God who gave it.
The words of the wise [are] like cattle goads; the collections of the sages [are] like pricks inflicted by one shepherd.
The words of the wise [are] like cattle goads; the collections of the sages [are] like pricks inflicted by one shepherd. My son, be careful {about anything beyond these things}. For the writing of books is endless, and too much study {is wearisome}. read more. Now that all has been heard, here is the final conclusion: Fear God and obey his commandments, for this [is] the whole [duty] of man.
Now that all has been heard, here is the final conclusion: Fear God and obey his commandments, for this [is] the whole [duty] of man. For God will bring every deed into judgment, including every secret thing, whether good or evil.
Where [is] the wise person? Where [is] the scribe? Where [is] the debater of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world?
Smith
Ecclesias'tes
(the preacher). The title of this book is in Hebrew Koheleth, signifying one who speaks publicly in an assembly. Koheleth is the name by which Solomon, probably the author, speaks of himself throughout the book. The book is that which it professes to be, --the confession of a man of wide experience looking back upon his past life and looking out upon the disorders and calamities which surround him. The writer is a man who has sinned in giving way to selfishness and sensuality, who has paid the penalty of that sin in satiety and weariness of life, but who has through all this been under the discipline of a divine education, and has learned from it the lesson which God meant to teach him.
Watsons
ECCLESIASTES, a canonical book of the Old Testament, of which Solomon was the author, as appears from the first sentence. The design of this book is to show the vanity of all sublunary things; and from a review of the whole, the author draws this pertinent conclusion, "Fear God, and keep his commandments, for this is the whole of man;"