Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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Ye have heard that it was said to the men of antient times, "Thou shalt do no murder;" and whosoever shall commit murder, shall be liable to the judgment: but I say unto you, That every man who is angry with his brother without cause, shall be liable to the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be liable to the sanhedrim: but whosever shall say, Thou fool, shall be liable to be cast into hell fire.
Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city.
But I tell you, That every idle word which men speak, for it shall they give an account in the day of judgment.
But when the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit on the throne of his glory: and before him shall all the nations be gathered together; and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats: read more. and he shall place the sheep at his right hand, but the goats at the left. Then shall the King say to those on his right-hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; for I was hungry, and ye gave me to eat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me to drink: I was a stranger, and ye received me hospitably: naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye took care of me: I was in prison, and ye came to me. Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? When indeed saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? When indeed saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto thee? And the king answering shall say to them, Verily I tell you, for as much as ye have done it to one of these my brethren, the very least of them, ye have done it unto me. Then shall he say also to those on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels: for I was hungry, and ye gave me nothing to eat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me nothing to drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me not in: naked, and ye did not clothe me: sick, and in prison, and ye took no care of me. Then shall they also answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee? Then shall he reply to them, saying, For as much as ye have not done it to one of the least of these, neither have ye done it to me. And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal.
Jesus saith to him, Thou hast spoken [the fact]. Moreover I tell you, hereafter ye shall see the Son of man sitting at the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven.
For the Father never judgeth any man, but hath committed all judgment to the Son:
because he hath fixed the day in which he will judge the whole world in righteousness by the man whom he hath appointed; affording evidence of this to all, by raising him from the dead.
But thou, why judgest thou thy brother? And thou, why dost thou disparage thy brother? for we must all appear before the judgment-seat of Christ. For it is written, "As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall make confession to God." read more. Assuredly then every one of us shall give an account of himself to God.
And I saw the dead, small and great, standing before God, and the books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things written in the books according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were in it, and death and the grave gave up the dead that were in them; and every one was judged according to his works. read more. And death and the grave were cast into the lake of fire: this is the second death. And if any one was not found inscribed on the book of life, he was cast into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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Another parable proposed he to them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is like unto a man who sowed good seed in his field: and while the men were asleep, his enemy came and sowed zizane among the wheat, and departed. read more. But when the blade was shot up, and produced fruit, then appeared also the zizane. The servants of the proprietor came, and said to him, Master, didst thou not sow good seed in thy field? whence then hath it the zizane? He saith unto them, Some man, an enemy, hath done this. Then the servants said to him, Wilt thou that we go and weed them out? he replied, No; lest perhaps in weeding out the zizane, we root up the wheat with them. Let them both grow together till the harvest: and at the harvest-time I will say to the reapers, Gather out first the zizane, and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my barn.
And he replying said to them, He that sowed the good seed, is the Son of man; the field is the world: and the good seed are those who are the children of the kingdom; but the zizane are the children of the wicked one; read more. the enemy who sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are the angels. As therefore the zizane are gathered, and burned in the fire; just so shall it be at the end of this world. The Son of man shall send out his angels, and shall gather together out of his kingdom all things offensive, and those who practise iniquity; and will cast them into a furnace of fire; there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun, in the kingdom of their Father. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
Again, the kingdom of heaven is like to a net cast into the sea, and colleting fish of every kind: which, when it was full, they drew to the beach, and sitting down, selected the good into baskets, but cast those of a bad kind away. read more. Just so shall it be at the end of this world: the angels shall go forth, and shall separate the wicked from amidst the just, and shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
And he shall send forth his angels with a trumpet, and a great shout, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from the extremities of the heavens to the extremities of the same. Learn then a parable from the fig-tree; when its branch is now tender, and the leaves shoot forth, ye know that summer is nigh: read more. just so ye, when ye behold these things, know that it is near, even at the gates. Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass away until all these things shall be done. Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall in no wise pass away. But of that day and hour no man knoweth, not even the angels of heaven, but my Father alone. But as the days of Noah were, so also shall the coming of the Son of man be. For as they were in the days preceding the deluge, eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered into the ark, and they knew it not till the deluge came, and swept them all away; such also shall the coming of the Son of man be. Then two shall be in the field; the one shall be taken, and the other dismissed. Two women grinding at the mill; the one taken, the other dismissed. Watch therefore: for ye know not at what hour your Master cometh. And this observe, that if the master of the family had known in which watch of the night the thief would have come, he would have watched, and not have suffered him to break into his house. Therefore be ye also prepared: for in an hour that ye think not, the Son of man cometh. Who then is the faithful and provident servant, whom his Lord hath appointed over his household, to give them meat in the proper time?
that ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and be seated on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
in the day when God shall judge the hidden things of men, according to my gospel by Jesus Christ.
and to the general assembly and church of the first-born registered in the heavens, and to God the judge of all, and to the spirits of just men perfected,
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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For the Son of man shall hereafter come in the glory of his Father, with his angels, and then shall he recompense every man according to his practice.
Then, immediately after the tribulation of those days, shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken.
But when the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit on the throne of his glory:
But when the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit on the throne of his glory: and before him shall all the nations be gathered together; and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats: read more. and he shall place the sheep at his right hand, but the goats at the left. Then shall the King say to those on his right-hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; for I was hungry, and ye gave me to eat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me to drink: I was a stranger, and ye received me hospitably: naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye took care of me: I was in prison, and ye came to me. Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? When indeed saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? When indeed saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto thee? And the king answering shall say to them, Verily I tell you, for as much as ye have done it to one of these my brethren, the very least of them, ye have done it unto me. Then shall he say also to those on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels: for I was hungry, and ye gave me nothing to eat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me nothing to drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me not in: naked, and ye did not clothe me: sick, and in prison, and ye took no care of me. Then shall they also answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee? Then shall he reply to them, saying, For as much as ye have not done it to one of the least of these, neither have ye done it to me. And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal.
Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in which all who are in the graves shall hear his voice, and they shall come forth; they who have done good actions to the resurrection of life; and they who have been guilty of foul practices, to the resurrection of damnation.
And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, thou, and thy house.
But if we have been dead with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him:
For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.
For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God.
and to you who are troubled, rest with us, at the revelation of the Lord Jesus Christ from heaven with his mighty angels, in a flame of fire, taking vengeance of them that know not God, and obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ: read more. who shall receive punishment, even eternal perdition, from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power:
but the present heavens and earth by the same word are treasured up, reserved for fire at the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men.
But the day of the Lord will come as a thief by night; in which the heavens shall pass away with a rushing noise, and the first principles of matter in flames dissolve, and the earth and all the works upon it be burnt up.
And now, my dear children, abide in him; that when he shall appear, we may have confidence, and not be put to shame by him at his coming.
And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and shall earnestly desire to die, and death shall fly from them.
And I saw the dead, small and great, standing before God, and the books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things written in the books according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were in it, and death and the grave gave up the dead that were in them; and every one was judged according to his works.