Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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Be glad then, O thou young man, in thy youth, and let thine heart be merry in thy young days; follow the ways of thine own heart, and the lust of thine eyes: but be thou sure, that God shall bring thee into judgment for all these things.
Many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth, shall awake, some to everlasting life, some to perpetual shame and reproof.
"Ye have heard how it was said unto them of the old time, 'Thou shalt not kill; for whosoever killeth shall be in danger of judgment:' But I say unto you, Whosoever is angry with his brother shall be in danger of judgment: whosoever sayeth unto his brother, 'Raca,' shall be in danger of a council: but whosoever sayeth, 'Thou fool,' shall be in danger of hell fire.
Truly I say unto you, it shall be easier for the land of Sodom, and Gomorra, in the day of judgment, than for that city.
But I say unto you, that of every idle word, that men shall have spoken, they shall give accounts at the day of judgment.
"When the son of man shall cometh in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the seat of his glory and before him shall be gathered all nations. And he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth the sheep from the goats. read more. And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, and the goats on the left hand. Then shall the King say to them on his right hand, 'Come, ye blessed children of my father, inherit ye the kingdom prepared for you from the beginning of the world. For I was a hungered, and ye gave me meat. I thirsted, and ye gave me drink. I was harborless, and ye lodged me. I was naked and ye clothed me. I was sick and ye visited me. I was in prison and ye came unto me.' Then shall the righteous answer him saying, 'Master, when saw we thee a hungered, and fed thee? Or athirst, and gave thee drink? When saw we thee harborless, and lodged thee? Or naked and clothed thee? Or when saw we thee sick, or in prison and came unto thee?' And the King shall answer and say unto them, 'Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it to me.' Then shall the King say unto them that shall be on the left hand, 'Depart from me ye cursed, into everlasting fire, which is prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was a hungered, and ye gave me no meat. I thirsted, and ye gave me no drink. I was harborless, and ye lodged me not. I was naked, and ye clothed me not. I was sick and in prison, and ye visited me not.' Then shall they also answer him, saying, 'Master, when saw we thee a hungered, or athirst, or harborless, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and have not ministered unto thee?' Then shall he answer them, and say, 'Verily I say unto you, inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me.' And these shall go into everlasting pain: And the righteous into life eternal.
Jesus said to him, "Thou hast said. Nevertheless I say unto you, hereafter shall ye see the son of man sitting on the righthand of power, and come in the clouds of the sky."
Neither judgeth the father any man: but hath committed all judgment unto the son,
because he hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world according to righteousness, by that man, whom he hath appointed, and hath offered faith to all men, after that he had raised him from death."
But why doest thou then judge thy brother? Other why dost thou despise thy brother? We shall all be brought before the judgment seat of Christ. For it is written, "As truly as I live, saith the Lord, all knees shall bow to me, and all tongues shall give a knowledge to God." read more. So shall every one of us give accounts of himself to God.
And I saw the dead, both great and small, stand before God: And the books were opened, and another book was opened, which is the book of life, and the dead were judged of those things which were written in the books according to their deeds. And the sea gave up her dead, which were in her, and death and hell delivered up the dead, which were in them: and they were judged every man according to his deeds. read more. And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is that second death. And whosoever was not found written in the book of life, was cast into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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Another similitude put he forth, unto them saying, "The kingdom of heaven is like unto a man which sowed good seed in his field. But while men slept, there came his foe, and sowed tares among the wheat, and went his way. read more. When the blade was sprung up, and had brought forth fruit, then appeared the tares also. The servants then came to the householder, and said unto him, 'Sir, sowest not thou good seed in thy close, from whence then hath it tares?' But he said to them, 'The envious man hath done this.' Then the servants said unto him, 'Wilt thou then that we go and weed them out?' But he said, 'Nay, lest while ye go about to weed out the tares, ye pluck up also with them the wheat by the roots. Let both grow together till harvest come: and in time of harvest, I will say to the reapers, Gather ye first the tares, and bind them in sheaves to be burnt: but gather the wheat into my barn.'"
Then answered he and said to them, "He that soweth the good seed, is the son of man, and the field is the world. And the children of the kingdom, they are the good seed. And the tares are the children of the wicked. read more. And the enemy that soweth them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the world. And the reapers be the angels. For even as the tares are gathered, and burnt in the fire, so shall it be in the end of this world. The son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that do offend, and all them which do iniquity, and shall cast them into a furnace of fire. There shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. Then shall the just men shine as bright as the sun in the kingdom of their father. Whosoever hath ears to hear, let him hear.
Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a net cast into the sea, that gathereth of all kinds: the which when it is full, men draw to land, and sit and gather the good into their vessels, and cast the bad away. read more. So shall it be at the end of the world. The angels shall go out and sever the bad from the good, and shall cast them into a furnace of fire. There shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth."
And he shall send his angels with the great voice of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his chosen from the four winds, and from the one end of the world to the other. "Learn a similitude of the fig tree: when his branches are yet tender, and his leaves sprung, ye know that summer is nigh. read more. So likewise ye, when ye see all these things, be ye sure that it is near; even at the doors. Verily I say unto you, that this generation shall not pass, till all these be fulfilled. Heaven and earth shall perish: but my words shall abide. But of that day and hour knoweth no man: no not the angels of heaven, but my father only. As the time of Noah was, so likewise shall the coming of the son of man be. For as in the days before the flood: they did eat and drink, marry, and were married, even unto the day that Noah entered in to the ship, and knew of nothing till the flood came and took them all away. So shall also the coming of the son of man be. Then two shall be in the fields: the one shall be received, and the other shall be refused, two shall be grinding at the mill: the one shall be received, and the other shall be refused. Wake, therefore, because ye know not what hour your master will come. Of this be sure, that if the good man of the house knew what hour the thief would come: he would surely watch, and not suffer his house to be broken up. Therefore be ye also ready, for in the hour ye think least on, in the same ye think he would not: will the son of man come. If there be any faithful servant and wise, whom his master hath made ruler over his household, for to give them meat in season convenient;
that ye may eat, and drink at my table in my kingdom and sit on seats, and judge the twelve tribes of Israel."
at the day when God shall judge the secrets of men, by Jesus Christ according to my Gospel.
and unto the congregation of the first born sons, which are written in heaven, and to God, the judge of all, and to the spirits of just and perfect men:
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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Therefore the ungodly shall not be able to stand in the judgment, neither the sinners in the congregation of the righteous.
All the stars of heaven shall be consumed, and the heaven shall fold together like a roll, and all the stars thereof shall fall, like as the leaves fall from the vines and fig trees.
When thou art put out, I will cover the heaven, and make his stars dim. I will spread a cloud over the Sun, and the moon shall not give her light.
There drew forth a fiery stream, and went out from him. A thousand times a thousand served him. Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him. The judgment was set, and the books opened.
The earth shall quake before him, yea the heavens shall be moved; The Sun and Moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw their shine.
At the same time," sayeth the LORD God, "I shall cause the sun to go down at noon, and the land to be dark in the clear day.
For thus sayeth the LORD of Hosts: yet once more will I shake heaven and earth, the sea, and the dry land:
For the son of man shall come in the glory of his father, with his angels, and then shall he reward every man according to his deeds.
Immediately after the tribulations of those days, shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of heaven shall move.
"When the son of man shall cometh in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the seat of his glory
"When the son of man shall cometh in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the seat of his glory and before him shall be gathered all nations. And he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth the sheep from the goats. read more. And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, and the goats on the left hand. Then shall the King say to them on his right hand, 'Come, ye blessed children of my father, inherit ye the kingdom prepared for you from the beginning of the world. For I was a hungered, and ye gave me meat. I thirsted, and ye gave me drink. I was harborless, and ye lodged me. I was naked and ye clothed me. I was sick and ye visited me. I was in prison and ye came unto me.' Then shall the righteous answer him saying, 'Master, when saw we thee a hungered, and fed thee? Or athirst, and gave thee drink? When saw we thee harborless, and lodged thee? Or naked and clothed thee? Or when saw we thee sick, or in prison and came unto thee?' And the King shall answer and say unto them, 'Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it to me.' Then shall the King say unto them that shall be on the left hand, 'Depart from me ye cursed, into everlasting fire, which is prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was a hungered, and ye gave me no meat. I thirsted, and ye gave me no drink. I was harborless, and ye lodged me not. I was naked, and ye clothed me not. I was sick and in prison, and ye visited me not.' Then shall they also answer him, saying, 'Master, when saw we thee a hungered, or athirst, or harborless, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and have not ministered unto thee?' Then shall he answer them, and say, 'Verily I say unto you, inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me.' And these shall go into everlasting pain: And the righteous into life eternal.
Marvel not at this: that the hour shall come, in which all that are in the graves, shall hear his voice, and shall come forth: They that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; And they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation.
And they said, "Believe on the Lord Jesus, and thou shalt be saved and thy household."
Wherefore if we be dead with Christ, we believe that we shall live with him:
For Christ is to me life, and death is to me advantage.
For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God.
and to you which are troubled, rest with us; when the Lord Jesus shall show himself from heaven, with his mighty angels, in flaming fire, rendering vengeance unto them that know not God, and to them that obey not unto the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, read more. which shall be punished with everlasting damnation, from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power,
But the heavens verily and earth which are now, are kept by the same word in store, and reserved unto fire, against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men.
Nevertheless, the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night, in the which day, the heavens shall perish with terrible noise, and the elements shall melt with heat, and the earth, with the works that are therein, shall burn.
And now babes, abide in him, that when he shall appear, we may have confidence and not be made ashamed of him at his coming.
And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it, and shall desire to die, and death shall fly from them.
And I saw the dead, both great and small, stand before God: And the books were opened, and another book was opened, which is the book of life, and the dead were judged of those things which were written in the books according to their deeds. And the sea gave up her dead, which were in her, and death and hell delivered up the dead, which were in them: and they were judged every man according to his deeds.
And he said unto me, "It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning, and the end. I will give to him that is athirst of the well of the water of life, free.