Reference: Plagues Of Egypt
Hastings
There are not many references in the Bible to the plagues outside the Book of Exodus. They are epitomized in Ps 78:44-51; 105:28-36. In Ro 9:14-24 God's treatment of Pharaoh is dwelt upon, to show His absolute right to do what He will with the creatures of His own handiwork. And in Re 8; 9; 16 much of the imagery in the visions of the trumpets and the bowls is based upon the plagues
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The flax and the barley were smitten, for the barley was shot up and the flax was bolled:
they said, "It is blood, the kings have fought together and one slain another. Now therefore ye Moabites get you to the spoil."
How he turned their waters into blood, so that they might not drink of the rivers; How he sent lice among them, to eat them up, and frogs to destroy them;
How he sent lice among them, to eat them up, and frogs to destroy them; How he gave their fruits unto the caterpillar, and their labour unto the grasshopper; read more. How he beat down their vineyards with hail stones, and their mulberry trees with the frost; How he smote their cattle also with hail stones, and their flocks with hot thunderbolts; How he sent upon them the furiousness of his wrath, anger, displeasure, and trouble, and sent evil angels among them; When he made a way to his fearful indignation, and spared not their souls from death, but gave their life over to the pestilence; When he smote all the firstborn in Egypt, the most principal and mightiest in the dwellings of Ham.
He sent darkness, and it was dark; for they were not obedient unto his word. He turned their waters into blood, and slew their fish. read more. Their land brought forth frogs; yea, even in their king's chambers. He spake the word, and there came all manner of flies and lice in all their quarters.
He spake the word, and there came all manner of flies and lice in all their quarters. He gave them hail stones for rain, and flames of fire in their land. read more. He smote their vineyards and fig trees, and destroyed the trees that were in their coasts. He spake the word, and the grasshoppers came, and caterpillars innumerable, and did eat up all the grass in their land, and devoured the fruits of their ground. He smote all the firstborn in their land, even the chief of all their strength.
I go hence like the shadow that departeth, and am driven away as the grasshopper.
Again, as for him of the North, I shall drive him far from you: and shoot him out into a dry and waste land, his face toward the east sea, and his hinder parts toward the utmost sea. The stink of him shall go up, and his filthy corruption shall fall upon himself, because he hath dealt so proudly."
What shall we say then? Is there any unrighteousness with God? God forbid. For he saith to Moses, "I will show mercy to whom I show mercy: And will have compassion on whom I have compassion." read more. So lieth it not then in a man's will, or cunning, but in the mercy of God. For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, "Even for this same purpose have I stirred thee up, to show my power on thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the world." So hath he mercy on whom he will. And whom he will, he maketh hard hearted. Thou wilt say then unto me, "Why then blameth he us yet? For who can resist his will?" But O man what art thou, which disputest with God? Shall the work say to the workman, "Why hast thou made me on this fashion?" Hath not the potter power over the clay, even of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour? Even so, God, willing to show his wrath, and to make his power known, suffered with long patience the vessels of wrath, ordained to damnation, that he might declare the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had prepared unto glory: that is to say, us which he called, not of the Jews only, but also of the gentiles.
The first angel blew, and there was made hail and fire, which were mingled with blood, and they were cast into the earth: and the third part of trees was burnt, and all green grass was burnt. And the second angel blew: and as it were a great mountain: burning with fire was cast into the sea, and the third part of the sea turned to blood,
And the fourth angel blew, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of stars: so that the third part of them was darkened. And the day was smitten that the third part of it should not shine, and likewise the night.
And the fifth angel blew, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth. And to him was given the key of the bottomless pit. And he opened the bottomless pit, and there arose the smoke of a great furnace. And the sun and the air were darkened by the reason of the smoke of the pit. read more. And there came out of the smoke locusts upon the earth: And unto them was given power as the scorpions of the earth have power. And it was said unto them that they should not hurt the grass of the earth: neither any green thing, neither any tree; but only those men which have not the seal in their foreheads, and to them was commanded that they should not kill them, but that they should be vexed five months, and their pain was as the pain that cometh of a scorpion, when he hath stung a man. And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it, and shall desire to die, and death shall fly from them. And the similitude of the locusts was like unto horses prepared unto battle, and on their heads were as it were crowns, like unto gold: and their faces were as it had been the faces of men. And they had hairs as the hairs of women. And their teeth were as the teeth of lions. And they had habergeons, as it were habergeons of iron. And the sound of their wings, was as the sound of chariots when many horses run together to battle. And they had tails like unto scorpions, and there were stings in their tails. And their power was to hurt men five months. And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue, is Abadon: but in the Greek tongue, Apollion, that is to say: a destroyer.
And the first went, and poured out his vial upon the earth, and there fell a noisome and a sore botch upon the men, which had the mark of the beast, and upon them which worshipped his image. And the second angel shed out his vial upon the sea, and it turned as it were into the blood of a dead man, and every living thing died in the sea.
And the fifth angel poured out his vial upon the seat of the beast, and his kingdom waxed dark, and they gnawed their tongues for sorrow,
And I saw three unclean spirits, like frogs, come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet.
Morish
These were wrought by God to show to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians His great power, and that all the elements of creation were at His disposal. Ex. 7
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And Moses said, "Thus sayeth the LORD, 'About midnight will I go out among the Egyptians, and all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die: even from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth on his seat, unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is in the mill, and all the firstborn of the cattle. read more. And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt: so that there was never none like, nor shall be. And among all the children of Israel shall not a dog move his tongue, nor yet man or beast: that ye may know, how the LORD putteth a difference between the Egyptians and Israel.' And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and fall before me and say, 'Get thee out and all the people that are under thee!' And then will I depart." And he went out from Pharaoh in a great anger.
How he sent lice among them, to eat them up, and frogs to destroy them;
He spake the word, and there came all manner of flies and lice in all their quarters.
Watsons
PLAGUES OF EGYPT. The design of these visitations, growing more awful and tremendous in their progress, was to make Pharaoh know, and confess, that the God of the Hebrews was the supreme Lord, and to exhibit his power and his justice in the strongest light to all the nations of the earth, Ex 9:16; 1Sa 4:8, &c; to execute judgment upon the Egyptians and upon all their gods, inanimate and bestial, for their cruelty to the Israelites, and for their grovelling polytheism and idolatry, Ex 7:14-17; 12:12. The Nile was the principal divinity of the Egyptians. According to Heliodorus, they paid divine honours to this river, and revered it as the first of their gods. They declared him to be the rival of heaven, since he watered the country without the aid of the clouds and rain. His principal festival was at the summer solstice, when the inundation commenced; at which season, in the dog days, by a cruel idolatrous rite, they sacrificed red-haired persons, principally foreigners, to Typhon, or the power that presided over tempests, at Busiris, Heliopolis, &c, by burning them alive, and scattering their ashes in the air, for the good of the people, as we learn from Plutarch. Hence Bryant infers the probability, that these victims were chosen from among the Israelites, during their residence in Egypt. The judgment then inflicted upon the river, and all the waters of Egypt, in the presence of Pharaoh and of his servants, as foretold,
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But the nation whom they shall serve, will I judge. And afterward shall they come out with great substance.
Come on, let us play wisely with them: lest they multiply, and then - if there chance any war - they join themselves unto our enemies and fight against us, and so get them out of the land."
Then said the LORD unto Moses, "Pharaoh's heart is hardened, and he refuseth to let the people go. Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning, for he will come unto the water, and stand thou upon the river's brink against he come, and the rod which turned to a serpent take in thine hand. read more. And say unto him, 'The LORD God of the Hebrews hath sent me unto thee saying: let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness: but hitherto thou wouldest not hear. Wherefore, thus sayeth the LORD: hereby thou shalt know that I am the LORD. Behold, I will smite with the staff that is in mine hand upon the waters that are in the river, and they shall turn to blood.
And the LORD said unto Moses, "Rise up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, for he will come unto the water: and say unto him, 'Thus sayeth the LORD: let my people go, that they may serve me. If thou wilt not let my people go, behold: I will send all manner flies both upon thee and thy servants, and thy people, and into thy houses. And the houses of the Egyptians shall be full of flies, and the ground whereon they are. read more. But I will separate the same day the land of Goshen where my people are, so that there shall no flies be there: that thou mayest know that I am the LORD upon the earth. And I will put a division between my people and thine. And even tomorrow shall this miracle be done.'"
And the LORD said unto Moses, "Go unto Pharaoh and tell him, 'Thus sayeth the LORD God of the Hebrews: send out my people that they may serve me. If thou wilt not let them go but wilt hold them still: read more. behold, the hand of the LORD shall be upon thy cattle which thou hast in the field, upon horses, asses, camels, oxen, and sheep, with a mighty great pestilence. But the LORD shall make a division between the beasts of the Israelites, and the beasts of the Egyptians: so that there shall nothing die of all that pertaineth to the children of Israel.'" And the LORD appointed a time saying, "Tomorrow the LORD shall do this thing in the land." And the LORD did the thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one.
And the LORD did the thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one. And Pharaoh sent to wete: but there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. Notwithstanding, the heart of Pharaoh hardened, and he would not let the people go. read more. And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, "Take your hands full of ashes out of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it up into the air in the sight of Pharaoh, and it shall turn to dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall make swelling sores with blains both on man and beast in all the land of Egypt." And they took ashes out of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh, and Moses sprinkled it up into the air: And there brake out sores with blains both in man and beast: so that the sorcerers could not stand before Moses, by the reason of botches on the enchanters and upon all the Egyptians. But the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, that he hearkened not unto them, as the LORD had said unto Moses. And the LORD said unto Moses, "Rise up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh and tell him, 'Thus sayeth the LORD God of the Hebrews: Let my people go, that they may serve me, or else I will at this time send all my plagues upon thine heart and upon thy servants and on thy people, that you mayest know that there is none like me in all the earth. For now I will stretch out my hand and will smite thee and thy people with pestilence: so that thou shalt perish from the earth. Yet in very deed for this cause have I stirred thee up, for to show my power in thee, and to declare my name throughout all the world.
Yet in very deed for this cause have I stirred thee up, for to show my power in thee, and to declare my name throughout all the world. If it be so that thou stoppest my people, that thou wilt not let them go: read more. behold, tomorrow this time, I will send down a mighty great hail; even such one as was not in Egypt since it was grounded unto this time. Send therefore and fetch home thy beasts and all that thou hast in the field. For upon all the men and beasts which are found in the field and not brought home, shall the hail fall, and they shall die.'" And as many as feared the word of the LORD among the servants of Pharaoh made their servants and their beasts flee to house: and they that regarded not the word of the LORD, left their servants and their beasts in the field.
And Pharaoh sent and called for Moses and Aaron, and said unto them, "I have now sinned, the LORD is righteous and I and my people are wicked. Pray ye unto the LORD, that the thunder of God and hail may cease, and I will let you go, and ye shall tarry no longer." read more. And Moses said unto him, "As soon as I am out of the city, I will spread abroad my hands unto the LORD, and the thunder shall cease, neither shall there be any more hail: that thou mayest know, how that the earth is the LORD's. But I know that thou and thy servants yet fear not the LORD God." The flax and the barley were smitten, for the barley was shot up and the flax was bolled: but the wheat and the rye were not smitten, for they were late sown. And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh and spread abroad his hands unto the LORD, and the thunder and hail ceased, neither rained it any more upon the earth. When Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and thunder were ceased, he sinned again and hardened his heart: both he and his servants. So was the heart of Pharaoh hardened, that he would not let the children of Israel go, as the LORD had said by Moses.
Then Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, "Thus sayeth the LORD God of the Hebrews, 'How long shall it be, or thou wilt submit thyself unto me? Let my people go, that they may serve me. If thou wilt not let my people go: behold, tomorrow will I bring grasshoppers into thy land, read more. and they shall cover the face of the earth that it cannot be seen. And they shall eat the residue, which remaineth unto you and escaped the hail. And they shall eat all your green trees upon the field. And they shall fill thy houses and all thy servants' houses, and the houses of all the Egyptians; after such a manner as neither thy fathers nor thy fathers' fathers have seen, since the time they were upon the earth unto this day.'" And he turned himself about, and went out from Pharaoh. And Pharaoh's servants said unto him, "How long shall this fellow thus plague us? Let the men go that they may serve the LORD their God; or else wilt thou see Egypt first destroyed?" And then Moses and Aaron were brought again unto Pharaoh, and he said unto them, "Go and serve the LORD your God, but who are they that shall go?" And Moses answered, "We must go with young and old: yea and with our sons and with our daughters, and with our sheep and oxen must we go. For we must hold a feast unto the LORD." And he said unto them, "Shall it be so? The LORD be with you! Should I let you go, and your children also? Take heed, for ye have some mischief in hand. Nay, not so: but go ye that are men and serve the LORD, for that was your desire." And they thrust them out of Pharaoh's presence. And the LORD said unto Moses, "Stretch out thine hand over the land of Egypt for grasshoppers; that they come upon the land of Egypt and eat all the herbs of the land, and all that the hail left untouched." And Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and the LORD brought an east wind upon the land, all that day and all night. And in the morning the east wind brought the grasshoppers, and the grasshoppers went up over all the land of Egypt and lighted in all quarters of Egypt very grievously: so that before them were there no such grasshoppers, neither after them shall be. And they covered all the face of the earth, so that the land was dark therewith. And they ate all the herbs of the land and all the fruits of the trees which the hail had left: so that there was no green thing left in the trees and herbs of the field through all the land of Egypt.
And the LORD said unto Moses, "Stretch out thy hand unto heaven, and let there be darkness upon the land of Egypt: even that they may feel the darkness." And Moses stretched forth his hand unto heaven, and there was a dark mist upon all the land of Egypt three days long, read more. so that no man saw another, neither rose up from the place where he was by the space of three days, but all the children of Israel had light where they dwelled. Then Pharaoh called for Moses and said, "Go and serve the LORD; only let your sheep, and your oxen abide, but let your children go with you." And Moses answered, "Thou must give us also offerings and burnt offerings for to sacrifice unto the LORD our God. Our cattle therefore shall go with us, and there shall not one hoof be left behind, for thereof must we take to serve the LORD our God. Moreover, we cannot know wherewith we shall serve the LORD, until we come thither." But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let them go. And Pharaoh said unto him, "Get thee from me and take heed to thyself that thou see my face no more. For whensoever thou comest in my sight, thou shalt die." And Moses said, "Let it be as thou hast said: I will see thy face no more."
And the LORD said unto Moses, "Yet will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh and upon Egypt, and after that he will let you go hence. And when he letteth you go, he shall utterly drive you hence.
And Moses said, "Thus sayeth the LORD, 'About midnight will I go out among the Egyptians, and all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die: even from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth on his seat, unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is in the mill, and all the firstborn of the cattle. read more. And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt: so that there was never none like, nor shall be. And among all the children of Israel shall not a dog move his tongue, nor yet man or beast: that ye may know, how the LORD putteth a difference between the Egyptians and Israel.' And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and fall before me and say, 'Get thee out and all the people that are under thee!' And then will I depart." And he went out from Pharaoh in a great anger.
And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and fall before me and say, 'Get thee out and all the people that are under thee!' And then will I depart." And he went out from Pharaoh in a great anger. And the LORD said unto Moses, "Pharaoh shall not regard you, that many wonders may be wrought in the land of Egypt." read more. And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh. But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.
And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, "This month shall be your chief month: even the first month of the year shall it be unto you. read more. Speak ye unto all the fellowship of Israel, saying that they take, the tenth day of this month, to every household: a sheep. If the household be too few for a sheep, then let him and his neighbor that is next unto this house, take according to the number of souls, and count unto a sheep according to every man's eating. A sheep without spot and a male of one year old shall it be, and from among the lambs and the goats shall ye take it. And ye shall keep him inward, until the fourteenth day of the same month. And every man of the multitude of Israel shall kill him about even. And they shall take of the blood and strike on the two side posts and on the upper doorpost of the houses, wherein they eat him. And they shall eat the flesh the same night, roast with fire, and with unleavened bread, and with sour herbs they shall eat it. See that ye eat not thereof sodden in water, but roast with fire: both head, feet, and purtenance together. And see that ye let nothing of it remain unto the morning: if ought remain, burn it with fire. Of this manner shall ye eat it: with your loins girded, and shoes on your feet, and your staves in your hands. And ye shall eat it in haste; for it is the LORD's Passover. "For I will go about in the land of Egypt this same night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both of man and beast, and upon all the gods of Egypt will I the LORD do execution.
"For I will go about in the land of Egypt this same night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both of man and beast, and upon all the gods of Egypt will I the LORD do execution. And the blood shall be unto you a token, upon the houses wherein ye are; for when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. read more. And this day shall be unto you a remembrance, and ye shall keep it holy unto the LORD: even throughout your generations after you shall ye keep it holy day, that it be a custom forever. Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread, so that even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses. For whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be plucked out from Israel. "The first day shall be a holy feast unto you, and the seventh also. There shall be no manner of work done in them, save about that only which every man must eat: that only may ye do. And see that ye keep you to unleavened bread. For upon that same day I will bring your armies out of the land of Egypt, therefore ye shall observe this day and all your children after you, that it be a custom forever. The first month and the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat sweet bread unto the twenty-first day of the month at even again. Seven days see that there be no leavened bread found in your houses. For whosoever eateth leavened bread, that soul shall be rooted out from the multitude of Israel: whether he be a stranger or born in the land. Therefore see that ye eat no leavened bread, but in all your habitations eat sweet bread." And Moses called for the elders of Israel and said unto them, "Choose out, and take to every household a sheep and kill, Passover. And take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike it upon the upper post and on the two side posts, and see that none of you go out at the door of his house until the morning. For the LORD will go about and smite Egypt. And when he seeth the blood upon the upper door post and on the two side posts, he will pass over the door and will not suffer the destroyer to come into your house to plague you. Therefore see that thou observe this thing, that it be an ordinance to thee, and thy sons forever. And when ye be come into the land which the LORD will give you according as he hath promised, see that ye keep this service. And when your children ask you, 'What manner of service is this ye do?' Ye shall say, 'It is the sacrifice of the LORD's Passover, which passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, as he smote the Egyptians and saved our houses.'" Then the people bowed themselves and worshipped. And the children of Israel went and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron. And at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt: from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his seat, unto the firstborn of the captive that was in prison, and all firstborn of the cattle. Then Pharaoh arose the same night and all his servants and all the Egyptians, and there was a great crying throughout Egypt, for there was no house where there was not one dead. And he called unto Moses and Aaron by night, saying, "Rise up, and get you out from among my people: both ye and also the children of Israel, and go and serve the LORD as ye have said. And take your sheep and your oxen with you as ye have said, and depart and bless me also." And the Egyptians were fierce upon the people and made haste to send them out of the land: for they said, "We be all dead men." And the people took the dough before it was soured which they had in store, and bound it in cloths, and put it upon their shoulders. And the children of Israel did according to the saying of Moses: and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment. And the LORD gat the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians: and so they borrowed, and robbed the Egyptians. Thus took the children of Israel their journey from Rameses to Succoth; six hundred thousand men of foot, beside children. And much common people went also with them, and sheep, and oxen, and cattle exceeding much.
And the pillar of the cloud never departed by day nor the pillar of fire by night out of the people's sight.
and I will send hornets before thee, and they shall drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites and the Hittites before thee.
And the same day that the habitation was reared up, a cloud covered it on high upon the tabernacle of witness: and at even there was upon the habitation, as it were the similitude of fire until the morning. And so it was always, that the cloud covered it by day, and the similitude of fire by night. read more. And when the cloud was taken up from of the tabernacle, then the children of Israel journeyed: and where the cloud abode, there the children of Israel pitched their tents. At the mouth of the LORD the children of Israel journeyed, and at the mouth of the LORD they pitched. And as long as the cloud abode upon the habitation, they lay still, and when the cloud tarried still upon the habitation a long time, the children of Israel waited upon the LORD and journeyed not. If it chanced that the cloud abode any space of time upon the habitation, then they kept their tents at the mouth of the LORD: and they journeyed also at the commandment of the LORD. And if it happened that the cloud was upon the habitation from evening unto morning and was taken up in the morning, then they journeyed. Whether it was by day or by night that the cloud was taken up, they journeyed. But when the cloud tarried two days or a month or a long season upon the habitation, as long as it tarried thereon, the children of Israel kept their tents and journeyed not. And as soon as the cloud was taken up, they journeyed. At the mouth of the LORD they rested, and at the commandment of the LORD they journeyed. And thus they kept the watch of the LORD, at the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses.
And they departed from the mount of the LORD three days' journey, and the ark of the covenant of the LORD went before them in the three days' journey to search out a resting place for them. And the cloud of the LORD was over them by day, when they went out of the tents. read more. And when the ark went forth, Moses said, "Rise up LORD and let thine enemies be scattered, and let them that hate thee flee before thee." And when the ark rested, he said, "Return LORD, unto the many thousands of Israel."
And the rascal people that was among them fell a lusting. And the children of Israel also went to, and wept, and said, "Who shall give us flesh to eat?
The children of Israel departed from Rameses the fifteenth day of the first month, on the morrow after Passover and went out with a high hand in the sight of all Egypt,
For the LORD took you and brought you out of the iron furnace of Egypt, to be unto him a people of inheritance, as it is come to pass this day.
Thereto, the LORD thy God will send hornets among them until they that are left, and hide themselves from thee, be destroyed.
And I sent hornets before you and ye cast out before you: even the two kings of the Amorites: but not with your own sword or with your own bow.
And the Moabites rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab. And Ahaziah fell through a lattice window out of an upper chamber that he had in Samaria, and fell sick. Then he sent messengers saying unto them, "Go and enquire of Beelzebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall recover of this disease."
Great plagues remain for the ungodly; but whoso putteth his trust in the LORD, mercy embraceth him on every side.
How he sent upon them the furiousness of his wrath, anger, displeasure, and trouble, and sent evil angels among them;
And as it seemed not good unto them to be a known of God, even so God delivered them up unto a lewd mind, that they should do those things which were not comely,
Even so, God, willing to show his wrath, and to make his power known, suffered with long patience the vessels of wrath, ordained to damnation,
Behold the kindness and rigorousness of God: on them which fell, rigorousness: but towards thee, kindness; if thou continue in his kindness. Or else thou shalt be hewn off,
For if we sin willingly after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins: