Reference: Power of the Keys
Hastings
In ecclesiastical history the phrase is associated primarily with the so-called 'Privilege of Peter,' upon which the dogma of papal supremacy has been built, but also with the delegated authority of an official priesthood to pronounce sentence of the absolution or the retention of sins.
1. The fundamental passage is Mt 16:18. When St. Peter at C
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And I will lay the key of the house of David upon his shoulder, - And he shall open and none shall shut, And shut and none shall open;
And, he, said unto them - Wherefore, every scribe, discipled unto the kingdom of the heavens, is like unto a householder, who putteth forth out of his treasure, things new and old.
And Jesus, answering, said to him - Happy, art thou, Simon Bar-yona, - because, flesh and blood, revealed it not unto thee, but my Father who is in the heavens. And, I also, unto thee, say - Thou, art Peter, - and, upon this rock, will I build my assembly, and, the gates of hades, shall not prevail against it.
And, I also, unto thee, say - Thou, art Peter, - and, upon this rock, will I build my assembly, and, the gates of hades, shall not prevail against it.
Verily, I say unto you - Whatsoever things ye shall bind on the earth, shall be bound in heaven; and, whatsoever things ye shall loose on the earth, shall be loosed in heaven.
Alas for you, the lawyers! because ye took away the key of knowledge: yourselves, entered not, and, them who were entering, ye hindered.
And the Lord said - Who then is the faithful steward, the prudent one, whom the lord will appoint over his body of attendants, to be giving, in due season, the measured allowance of wheat?
Nay! certain women also, from amongst us, have made us beside ourselves, in that they went early unto the tomb;
And, they, went on to relate the things, that had passed on the journey, and how he was made known unto them in the breaking of the loaf.
Whosesoever sins ye shall remit, they are remitted unto them, whosesoever ye shall retain, they are retained.
The same Jesus, hath God raised up, whereof, all we, are witnesses! By the right hand of God, therefore, having been exalted, also, the promise of the Holy Spirit, having received from the Father, He hath poured out this which, yourselves, do see and hear. read more. For, David, hath not ascended into the heavens; but he saith, himself, - Said the Lord unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand,
Assuredly, then, let all the house of Israel know: that, both Lord and Christ, hath God made him, even the same Jesus whom, ye, crucified!
They, therefore, who welcomed his word, were immersed; and there were added, on that day, about three thousand souls.
They, indeed, therefore, who were scattered abroad, passed through, telling the good-news of the word;
And Peter, opening his mouth, said - Of a truth, I find that God is no respecter of persons; But, in every nation, he that feareth him and worketh righteousness, is acceptable unto him. read more. As touching the word he hath sent unto the sons of Israel, announcing the glad tidings of peace through Jesus Christ - the same, is Lord, of all,
As touching the word he hath sent unto the sons of Israel, announcing the glad tidings of peace through Jesus Christ - the same, is Lord, of all, Ye yourselves, know what hath come to pass throughout the whole of Judaea, beginning from Galilee, after the immersion which John proclaimed, respecting Jesus who was of Nazareth: -
Ye yourselves, know what hath come to pass throughout the whole of Judaea, beginning from Galilee, after the immersion which John proclaimed, respecting Jesus who was of Nazareth: - How God anointed him with Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all that were oppressed by the adversary, because, God, was with him.
How God anointed him with Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all that were oppressed by the adversary, because, God, was with him. We also, are witnesses of all things which he did, both in the country of the Jews and Jerusalem; whom they even slew by suspending upon a tree; - read more. The same, God raised up on the third day, and gave him to become, manifest, Not unto all the people, but unto witnesses who had been fore-appointed by God, unto us, who, indeed, did eat and drink with him after his rising from among the dead. And he charged us to proclaim unto the people, and bear full witness, that - This, is he that hath been marked out by God to be judge of living and dead. Unto the same, do all the prophets bear witness, That, remission of sins, is to be received through his name, by every one that believeth on him. While Peter was yet speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell upon all who were hearing the word. And the faithful, of the circumcision, who had come with Peter, were amazed, - in that, upon the nations also, the free-gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out; For they heard them speaking with tongues, and magnifying God. Then answered Peter - Surely then, the water, can no man forbid, that these should not be immersed, - seeing that, the Holy Spirit, they have received, as well as we. And he commanded them in the name of Jesus Christ to be immersed. Then, requested they him, to abide still some days.
They, therefore, who had been scattered abroad by reason of the tribulation that took place on account of Stephen, passed through as far as Phoenice and Cyprus and Antioch, unto no one speaking the word, save alone unto Jews.
And, as they were publicly ministering unto the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said - Separate forthwith unto me, Barnabas and Saul, unto the work whereunto I have called them.
And, when they had arrived and gathered together the assembly, they began recounting how many things God had done with them, and that he had opened, unto the nations, a door of faith.
And the Apostles and Elders were gathered together to see about this matter. And, when much discussion had arisen, Peter standing up, said unto them - Brethren! Ye yourselves, well know that, in days long past, amongst you, God chose that, through my mouth, the nations should hear the word of the glad tidings, and believe.
And, when much discussion had arisen, Peter standing up, said unto them - Brethren! Ye yourselves, well know that, in days long past, amongst you, God chose that, through my mouth, the nations should hear the word of the glad tidings, and believe. And, the heart-observing God, bare witness, - unto them, giving the Holy Spirit, just as, even unto us; read more. and made no distinction at all betwixt us and them, by their faith, purifying their hearts. Now, therefore, why are ye proving God, that ye should put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which, neither our fathers, nor we, have been able to bear. But, through the favour of the Lord Jesus, we believe we shall be saved, in like manner as, even they.
And, after they held their peace, James answered, saying - Brethren! hearken unto me.
Wherefore, I, judge, not to be troubling them who, from the nations, are turning unto God;
Then, seemed it good unto the Apostles and the Elders with the whole Assembly to send chosen men from among them unto Antioch, with Paul and Barnabas, - even Judas who is called Barsabbas, and Silas, men taking a lead among the brethren: writing through their hand - The Apostles and the Elder Brethren, unto the brethren throughout Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, who are from among the nations, wish joy! read more. Inasmuch as we had heard that, certain from among us, had troubled you with words, dismantling your souls, - unto whom we had given no instructions, It seemed good unto us, coming to be of one accord, that we should choose men and send them unto you, with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, - men who have given up their lives in behalf of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have sent, therefore, Judas and Silas, who also, themselves, by word of mouth, can tell you the same things. For it hath seemed good unto the Holy Spirit and unto us, no greater burden, to be laying upon you, than these necessary things: -
After these things, withdrawing from Athens, he came unto Corinth;
Paul, however, still further abiding a good many days with the brethren, bidding them adieu, set sail for Syria; and, with him, Priscilla and Aquila; having shorn his head in Cenchreae, for he had a vow. And they came down to Ephesus; and, as for them, he left them there, - but, himself entering into the synagogue, he reasoned with the Jews. read more. And, when they requested him for a longer time to abide, he consented not;
But, when Cephas came unto Antioch, to the face, even , him, I resisted, because he stood condemned;
Brethren! if a man should even be overtaken in any fault, ye, the spiritual, be restoring such a one, in a spirit of meekness, looking to thyself, lest, even thou, be put to the test.
And, ye, have, an anointing, from the Holy One, - Ye all, know:
And, unto the messenger of the assembly, in Philadelphia, write: - These things, saith he that is holy, he that is true, he that hath the key of David, he that openeth and no one shall shut, and shutteth and no one openeth: