Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
See Verses Found in Dictionary
beginning from the baptism of John until the day [on] which he was taken up from us--one of these [men] must become a witness of his resurrection together with us."
But Peter, standing with the eleven, raised his voice and declared to them, "Judean men, and all those who live [in] Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and pay attention to my words!
So the young men stood up, wrapped him up, and carried [him] out [and] buried [him].
So the twelve summoned the community of disciples [and] said, "It is not desirable [that] we neglect the word of God to serve tables.
which they also did, sending [the aid] to the elders by the hand of Barnabas and Saul.
But motioning to them with [his] hand to be silent, he related to them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, "Report these [things] to James and to the brothers," and he departed [and] went to another place.
But Elymas the magician (for his name is translated in this way) opposed them, attempting to turn the proconsul away from the faith.
But [when] the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard about [it], they tore their clothing [and] rushed out into the crowd, shouting
And [when they] had appointed elders for them in every church, [after] praying with fasting, they entrusted them to the Lord, in whom they had believed.
And God, who knows the heart, testified to them [by] giving [them] the Holy Spirit, just as he also [did] to us.
Then it seemed best to the apostles and the elders, together with the whole church, to send men chosen from among them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas--Judas who was called Barsabbas and Silas, men [who were] leaders among the brothers--
And from Miletus he sent [word] to Ephesus [and] summoned the elders of the church.
Be on guard for yourselves and for all the flock among which the Holy Spirit has appointed you [as] overseers, to shepherd the church of God which he obtained through the blood of his own [Son].
And on the next day we departed [and] came to Caesarea, and entered into the house of Philip the evangelist, who was [one] of the seven, [and] stayed with him. ({Now this man had} four virgin daughters who prophesied.)
And on the next [day] Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders were present.
if [it is] one who exhorts, by exhortation; one who gives, with sincerity; one who leads, with diligence; one who shows mercy, with cheerfulness.
Now I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is also a servant of the church in Cenchrea,
Greet Andronicus and Junia, my compatriots and my fellow prisoners, who are well known to the apostles, who were also in Christ before me.
I say [this] to your shame. So is there not anyone wise among you who will be able to render a decision between his brothers?
Therefore, my dear friends, flee from idolatry.
but every woman who prays or prophesies with uncovered head dishonors her head, for she is one and the same with the one whose [head] is shaved.
And does not nature itself teach you that a man, if he wears long hair, it is a dishonor to him?
and whom God has appointed in the church: first, apostles, second, prophets, third, teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healing, helps, administrations, kinds of tongues.
and whom God has appointed in the church: first, apostles, second, prophets, third, teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healing, helps, administrations, kinds of tongues.
and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve,
Paul, an apostle not from men nor by men but through Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead,
but I did not see [any] others of the apostles except James, the brother of the Lord.
(for the one who was at work through Peter for [his] apostleship to the circumcision was at work also through me for the Gentiles),
built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone,
(which in other generations was not made known to the sons of men as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit):
And he himself gave some [as] apostles and some [as] prophets and some [as] evangelists and some [as] pastors and teachers
And he himself gave some [as] apostles and some [as] prophets and some [as] evangelists and some [as] pastors and teachers
Paul and Timothy, slaves of Christ Jesus, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are in Philippi, together with the overseers and deacons.
Now we ask you, brothers, to respect those who labor among you and rule over you in the Lord and admonish you,
The wives likewise [must be] dignified, not slanderous, temperate, faithful in all [things].
Do not rebuke an older man, but appeal to [him] as a father, younger men as brothers,
The elders who lead well must be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who labor by speaking and teaching.
The elders who lead well must be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who labor by speaking and teaching.
On account of this, I left you behind in Crete, in order that what remains may be set in order and you may appoint elders in every town, as I ordered you.
For it is necessary [for] the overseer to be blameless as God's steward, not self-willed, not quick-tempered, not addicted to wine, not violent, not greedy for dishonest gain,
Remember your leaders, who spoke the word of God to you; {considering the outcome of their way of life}, imitate their faith.
Obey your leaders and submit [to them], for they keep watch over your souls as those who will give an account, so that they can do this with joy and not [with] groaning, for this [would be] unprofitable for you.
Now above all, my brothers, do not swear either by heaven or by earth or by any other oath, but let your yes be yes and your no, no, in order that you may not fall under judgment.
Is anyone among you sick? He should summon the elders of the church and they should pray over him, anointing him with olive oil in the name of the Lord.
Therefore [I, your] fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, [and] also a sharer of the glory that is going to be revealed, exhort the elders among you:
But I have against you that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, the one who calls herself a prophetess, and teaches and deceives my slaves to commit sexual immorality and to eat food sacrificed to idols.
And the wall of the city has twelve foundations, and on them [are] twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.