Reference: Eucharist
Hastings
This is the earliest title for the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ. It is found in Ignatius and the Didache, and is based upon the eucharistia or giving of thanks with which our Lord set apart the bread and wine at the Last Supper as memorials of Himself (Mt 26:27; Lu 22:17,19; 1Co 11:24). The name Lord's Supper, though legitimately derived from 1Co 11:20, is not there applied to the sacrament itself, but to the Love-feast or Agape, a meal commemorating the Last Supper, and not yet separated from the Eucharist when St. Paul wrote. The irregularities rebuked by the Apostle (1Co 11:21,29) are such as could only have accompanied the wider celebration, and doubtless contributed to the speedy separation of the essential rite from the unnecessary accessories. The title Communion comes from 1Co 10:16, where, however, the word is a predicate not used technically. The breaking of (the) bread (Ac 2:42,46) probably refers to the Eucharist (cf. Ac 20:7; Lu 24:35?), but until modern times does not seem to have been adopted as a title.
1. The institution is recorded by each of the Synoptic Gospels, but not by St. John. A fourth account appears in 1 Corinthians.
As they were eating, he took bread, and when he had blessed, he brake it, and gave to them, and said. Take ye: this is my body. And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave to them: and they all drank of it. And he said unto them, This is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many. Verily I say unto you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.
As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it; and he gave to the disciples, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. And he took a cup, and gave thanks, and gave to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; for this is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many unto remission of sins. But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
Lu 22:14-20.
When the hour was come, he sat down, and the apostles with him. And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer: for I say unto you, I will not eat it, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. And he received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves: for I say unto you, I will not drink from henceforth of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come. And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and gave to them, saying, This is my body [which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. And the cup in like manner after supper, saying. This cup is the new covenant in my blood, even that which is poured out for you].
I received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, how that the Lord Jesus in the night in which he was betrayed took bread; and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said. This is my body, which is for you: this do in remembrance of me. In like manner also the cup, after supper, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood: this do, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.
A comparison shows variations of minor importance between Mark and Matthew. But the most remarkable differences are those of Luke, which mentions what is apparently a second cup. It seems scarcely credible that at a supreme moment, like that in which a sacred rite was being established, our Lord should have created the possibility of confusion by solemnly delivering two of the Paschal cups, dividing between them the words which, according to the other Synoptics, belong, as it would seem appropriately, to one. Nor, if He were about to ballow a succeeding cup as Eucharistic, is it likely that He would have spoken of the fulfilment of the Paschal wine in relation to another (Lu 22:17). In spite, therefore, of the fact that the majority of MSS and Versions favour its inclusion, Westcott and Hort are probably right in regarding the passage inclosed in brackets above as an interpolation. With this omitted, the narrative is assimilated to the other Synoptics. The inversion of bread and cup, which now becomes apparent and which probably belongs not to Luke but to his source, is perhaps due to the fact that the writer, dwelling on the Lord's intention that the Passover should be fulfilled in a Messianic rite, records at the opening of his narrative a declaration similar to that which Matthew and Mark assign to a later stage, the delivery of the cup (Mt 26:29; Mr 14:25). These words, though referring more particularly to the Eucharistic bread, yet, as extending to the whole meal ('this passover'), require no mention of the action that would accompany them; whereas the companion statement concerning the fruit of the vine (Lu 22:18) necessitates the mention of the cup (Lu 22:17). The first half of Lu 22:19 (the consecration of the bread), which, if the account were symmetrical, would appear (as arranged in Rush-brooke's Synopticon) before Lu 22:15, is then added to complete the institution. A copyist, assuming a part of the narrative to be wanting, would then introduce, probably from a contemporary liturgical formula, the second half of Lu 22:19 and Lu 22:20, which bear a striking resemblance to the Pauline account, of which Luke is otherwise independent. A similar inversion is found in the sub-Apostolic Teaching of the Apostles.
2. From the Synoptic record the following inferences may be drawn: (1) The words of institution cannot themselves determine the meaning of the rite. Luke (unless v. 20 be genuine) omits 'This is my blood of the covenant.' [Notice also that the other traditional form varies the phrase
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What do you mean by this service? That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD's passover, who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians and delivered our houses. Then the people bowed and worshipped.
That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD's passover, who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians and delivered our houses. Then the people bowed and worshipped.
It shall be eaten in one house; thou shalt not carry forth any of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof.
And they rose up early on the next day and offered burnt offerings and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink and rose up to play.
Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice upon anything leavened; neither shall any of the sacrifice of the feast of the passover be left unto the morning.
and he shall bring it to Aaron's sons the priests, who shall take out a handful of the flour thereof, with its oil, with all its frankincense; and the priest shall incense it upon the altar, to be an offering on fire, of an aroma very acceptable unto the LORD.
And the priest shall take from that present a memorial thereof and shall incense it upon the altar; it shall be an offering on fire, of a very acceptable aroma unto the LORD.
And the priest shall incense the memorial of it, part of the beaten grain thereof, and part of the oil thereof, with all the frankincense thereof: this shall be an offering on fire unto the LORD.
Then shall he bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it, even a memorial thereof, and incense it on the altar upon the other offerings on fire unto the LORD; it is sin.
And the flesh of his sacrifice of peace for thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day that it is offered; he shall not leave any of it until the morning. But if the sacrifice of his offering is a vow, or voluntary, it shall be eaten the same day that he offers his sacrifice; and that which is left of it shall be eaten the next day; read more. but that which is left of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burnt with fire. And if any of the flesh of his sacrifice of peace is eaten at all on the third day, he that offers it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed unto him; it shall be an abomination, and the person that eats of it shall bear his iniquity. And the flesh that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burnt with fire; but every clean person shall eat of this flesh. And the person that eats of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace, which is of the LORD, being unclean, that person shall be cut off from his people. Moreover the person that shall touch any unclean thing, as the uncleanness of man or any unclean beast or any abominable unclean thing and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace, which is of the LORD, that person shall be cut off from his people.
And thou shalt put pure frankincense upon each order, that it may be on the bread for an aroma and incense unto the LORD.
And the priest shall take a handful of the present, in memory of her, and incense it upon the altar and afterward shall cause the woman to drink the water.
and those men said unto him, We are defiled by the dead body of a man; why are we kept back, that we may not offer an offering of the LORD in his appointed season among the sons of Israel?
But the man that is clean and is not on a journey and forbears to keep the passover, that same soul shall be cut off from among his people; because he did not bring the offering of the LORD in his appointed season; that man shall bear his sin.
Also in the day of your gladness and in your solemn days and in the beginnings of your months, ye shall blow the trumpets over your burnt offerings and over the sacrifices of your peace, that they may be to you for a memorial before your God; I AM your God.
But ye shall seek the place which the LORD your God shall choose out of all your tribes to put his name there for his habitation, and thou shalt go there.
and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God, ye and your sons and your daughters and your menslaves and your maidslaves and the Levite that is within your gates because he has no part nor inheritance with you.
And now, behold, I have brought the firstfruits of the land which thou, O LORD, hast given me. And thou shalt set it before the LORD thy God and worship before the LORD thy God. And thou shalt rejoice in every good thing which the LORD thy God has given unto thee and unto thine house, thou and the Levite and the stranger that is among you.
And Samuel said, How can I go? If Saul understands it, he will kill me. And the LORD said, Take a heifer with thee and say, I am come to sacrifice to the LORD.
And Samuel said unto Jesse, Are all thy young men here? And he said, There remains yet the youngest, and, behold, he keeps the sheep. And Samuel said unto Jesse, Send for him, for we will not sit down to the table until he comes here.
He shall build the temple of the LORD, and he shall bear the glory and shall sit and rule upon his throne, and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both.
Ye offer polluted bread upon my altar; and ye say, In what have we polluted thee? In that ye say, We die of hunger in the service of the LORD.
And ye have profaned it when ye say, We die of hunger at the service of the LORD and when ye speak that his food is contemptible.
And as they were eating, Jesus took the bread, and, having blessed it, broke it and gave it to the disciples and said, Take, eat; this is my body. And taking the cup and having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it;
And taking the cup and having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; for this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.
for this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. But I say unto you, I will not drink from now on of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
But I say unto you, I will not drink from now on of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
And he established twelve, that they should be with him, and that he might send them forth to preach
And in the evening he went with the twelve.
And as they were eating, Jesus took bread and, blessing it, broke it and gave to them and said, Take, eat: this is my body. And taking the cup, having given thanks, he gave it to them; and they all drank of it. read more. And he said unto them, This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many. Verily I say unto you, I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine until that day that I drink it new in the kingdom of God.
Verily I say unto you, I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine until that day that I drink it new in the kingdom of God.
And when the hour was come, he sat down at the table, and the twelve apostles with him. And he said unto them, With desire I have greatly desired to eat this passover lamb with you before I suffer;
And he said unto them, With desire I have greatly desired to eat this passover lamb with you before I suffer;
And he said unto them, With desire I have greatly desired to eat this passover lamb with you before I suffer; for I say unto you, I will not eat any more thereof until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God. read more. And taking the cup, having given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves,
And taking the cup, having given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves,
And taking the cup, having given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves,
And taking the cup, having given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves, for I say unto you, I will not drink again of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God shall come.
for I say unto you, I will not drink again of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God shall come. And taking bread, having given thanks, he broke it and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you; do this in remembrance of me.
And taking bread, having given thanks, he broke it and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you; do this in remembrance of me.
And taking bread, having given thanks, he broke it and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you; do this in remembrance of me.
And taking bread, having given thanks, he broke it and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you; do this in remembrance of me. Likewise also he took and gave them the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.
Likewise also he took and gave them the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you. But with all this, behold, the hand of him that betrays me is with me on the table.
And there was also a contention among them, which of them should be accounted the greatest. Then he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them, and those that exercise authority upon them are called well-doers. read more. But ye shall not be so, but he that is greatest among you, let him be as the younger; and he that is prince, as he that doth serve. For who is greater, he that sits at the table or he that serves? Is it not he that sits at the table? But I am among you as he that serves. But ye are those who have continued with me in my temptations. And I appoint unto you a kingdom as my Father has appointed unto me; that ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel. And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has desired to have you that he may sift you as wheat; but I have prayed for thee that thy faith fail not; and when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren. And he said unto him, Lord, I am ready to go with thee, both into prison and to death. And he said, I tell thee, Peter, thou shalt deny three times that thou knowest me before the cock shall crow this day.
And they told what things were done in the way and how he was known to them in the breaking of the bread.
The Jews therefore contended among themselves, saying, How is he able to give us his flesh to eat? Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Unless ye eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, ye shall have no life in you. read more. Whosoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is food indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. He that eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him. As the living Father has sent me, and I live by the Father, so he that eats me, he shall also live by me. This is the bread which came down from heaven; not as your fathers ate manna and are dead; he that eats of this bread shall live eternally.
The Spirit is he that gives life; the flesh profits nothing; the words that I have spoken unto you, they are Spirit and they are life.
For these things were done that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.
For these things were done that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.
And they continued steadfastly in the apostles' doctrine and fellowship and in breaking of bread and in prayers.
And they, continuing daily with one accord in the temple and breaking bread from house to house, they ate their food together with gladness and singleness of heart,
And the first of the sabbaths, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, ready to depart the next day, and continued his word until midnight.
Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ, our passover, is sacrificed for us;
Even so the Lord has ordained that those who preach the gospel should live of the gospel.
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the fellowship of the blood of the Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the fellowship of the body of the Christ?
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the fellowship of the blood of the Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the fellowship of the body of the Christ?
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the fellowship of the blood of the Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the fellowship of the body of the Christ?
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the fellowship of the blood of the Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the fellowship of the body of the Christ? For one loaf of bread means that many are one body, for we are all partakers of that one loaf. read more. Behold Israel after the flesh: are not those who eat of the sacrifices participants of the altar?
But I say that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons, and not to God; and I would not that ye should be participants of demons. Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons; ye cannot be participants of the Lord's table and of the table of demons.
Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons; ye cannot be participants of the Lord's table and of the table of demons.
Now in this that I declare unto you I praise you not: that ye come together not for the better, but for the worse. For first of all, when ye come together in the congregation , I hear that there are divisions among you; and I partly believe it. read more. For it is expedient that there also be heresies among you, so that those who are proved may become manifest among you. So that when ye come together in one place, this is not eating the Lord's supper.
So that when ye come together in one place, this is not eating the Lord's supper. For in eating, each one takes his own supper first: and one is hungry, and another is drunken.
For in eating, each one takes his own supper first: and one is hungry, and another is drunken.
For in eating, each one takes his own supper first: and one is hungry, and another is drunken. What? Do ye not have houses to eat and to drink in? or do ye despise the congregation of God and shame those that have not? What shall I say to you? shall I praise you in this? I praise you not.
What? Do ye not have houses to eat and to drink in? or do ye despise the congregation of God and shame those that have not? What shall I say to you? shall I praise you in this? I praise you not. For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread;
For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread; and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you; this do in remembrance of me.
and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you; this do in remembrance of me.
and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you; this do in remembrance of me. After the same manner also he took the cup, after he had eaten supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood; do this each time that ye drink, in remembrance of me.
After the same manner also he took the cup, after he had eaten supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood; do this each time that ye drink, in remembrance of me.
After the same manner also he took the cup, after he had eaten supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood; do this each time that ye drink, in remembrance of me. For each time that ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye declare the Lord's death until he comes.
For each time that ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye declare the Lord's death until he comes.
For each time that ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye declare the Lord's death until he comes.
For each time that ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye declare the Lord's death until he comes. Therefore whoever shall eat this bread and drink this cup of the Lord unworthily shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.
Therefore whoever shall eat this bread and drink this cup of the Lord unworthily shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.
Therefore whoever shall eat this bread and drink this cup of the Lord unworthily shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. But let each man prove himself, and so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup. read more. For he that eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord's body.
For he that eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord's body.
For he that eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord's body.
For he that eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. For this cause many are weak and sickly among you, and many sleep. read more. For if we would examine ourselves, we should not be judged.
For if we would examine ourselves, we should not be judged. But being judged, we are chastened of the Lord, that we should not be condemned with the world. read more. Therefore, my brothers, when ye come together to eat, wait for one another. And if anyone is hungry, let him eat at home; that ye not come together unto judgment. And I will set the rest in order when I come.
For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received: how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures
I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel, for there is not another; but there are some that trouble you and would pervert the gospel of the Christ. read more. But even if we, or an angel from heaven, were to preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be anathema. As we said before, so do I say now again, If anyone preaches any other gospel unto you than what ye have received, let him be anathema.
Now of the things which we have spoken, this is the sum: We have such a high priest who sat down at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens,
In this will, we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus, the Christ, once for all.
For by one offering he has perfected for ever those that are sanctified.
Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the sanctuary by the blood of Jesus, by a new and living way, which he has consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh; read more. and having that great priest over the house of God, let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts purified from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water;
and he that lives and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen, and have the keys of Hades and of death.
And I saw, and, behold, in the midst of the throne and of the four animals and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the earth.
Morish
See LORD'S SUPPER.
Watsons
EUCHARIST, the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. The word, in its original Greek, ??????????, properly signifies giving thanks; from the hymns and thanksgivings which accompanied that holy service in the primitive church. See LORD'S SUPPER.