Reference: Ishmael
American
1. Ge 16; 21, son of Abraham and Hagar, B. C. 1910. He was at first regarded as "the son of the promise;" but after the birth and weaning of Isaac he was driven from his father's house, at the age of about seventeen, and took with his mother the way to Egypt her native land. Overcome with heat and thirst, and then miraculously relieved, he remained in the wilderness of Paran, took a wife from Egypt, and was the father of twelve sons, heads of Arab tribes. He seems to have become on friendly terms with Isaac, and to have attended at the bedside of their dying father. At his own death, he was one hundred and thirty-seven years old, Ge 25:9,17.
The Ishmaelites, his posterity, were said, in the days of Moses, to dwell "from Havilah unto Shur that is before Egypt," that is, in the northwestern part of Arabia. See HAVILAH 2. Subsequently they, with the descendants of Joktan, the fourth from Shem, Ge 10:26-29, and Jokshan, the son of Abraham by Keturah, Ge 25:3, and perhaps also of some of the brethren of Joktan and Jokshan, occupied the whole peninsula of Arabia. See ARABIA. They became very numerous and powerful, according to the divine promise, Ge 17:16. The prediction also in Ge 16:12, has been fully verified in their history. Located near their "brethren" the Jews, they have always led a roving, wild, and predatory life. To a great degree unchanged, they are to this day the untamed though tributary masters of the desert. See MIDIANITES.
2. A prince of Judah, who fled to the Ammonites when Jerusalem was destroyed by the Chaldeans. Soon after, he returned and assassinated Gedaliah the governor and many others; but was obliged to flee for his life, Jer 40-41.
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And Joktan will beget Ahnodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah, And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah, read more. And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba, And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab: all these the sons of Joktan.
And he shall be an unrestrained man; his hand against every one, and every one's hand against him; and before the face of all his brethren shall he dwell.
And I blessed her, and I gave thee also a son of her: and I blessed her and she was for nations, and kings of people shall be from her.
And Jokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and Letushim and Leummim.
And his sons Isaak and Ishmael will bury him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron, son of Zohar the Hittite, which is at the face of Mamm;
And these the years of the life of Ishmael: a hundred years, and thirty years and seven years: and he will expire and die; and he will be added to his People
Easton
God hears. (1.) Abraham's eldest son, by Hagar the concubine (Ge 16:15; 17:23). He was born at Mamre, when Abraham was eighty-six years of age, eleven years after his arrival in Canaan (Ge 16:3; 21:5). At the age of thirteen he was circumcised (Ge 17:25). He grew up a true child of the desert, wild and wayward. On the occasion of the weaning of Isaac his rude and wayward spirit broke out in expressions of insult and mockery (Ge 21:9-10); and Sarah, discovering this, said to Abraham, "Expel this slave and her son." Influenced by a divine admonition, Abraham dismissed Hagar and her son with no more than a skin of water and some bread. The narrative describing this act is one of the most beautiful and touching incidents of patriarchal life (Ge 21:14-16). (See Hagar.)
Ishmael settled in the land of Paran, a region lying between Canaan and the mountains of Sinai; and "God was with him, and he became a great archer" (Ge 21:9-21). He became a great desert chief, but of his history little is recorded. He was about ninety years of age when his father Abraham died, in connection with whose burial he once more for a moment reappears. On this occasion the two brothers met after being long separated. "Isaac with his hundreds of household slaves, Ishmael with his troops of wild retainers and half-savage allies, in all the state of a Bedouin prince, gathered before the cave of Machpelah, in the midst of the men of Heth, to pay the last duties to the 'father of the faithful,' would make a notable subject for an artist" (Ge 25:9). Of the after events of his life but little is known. He died at the age of one hundred and thirty-seven years, but where and when are unknown (Ge 25:17). He had twelve sons, who became the founders of so many Arab tribes or colonies, the Ishmaelites, who spread over the wide desert spaces of Northern Arabia from the Red Sea to the Euphrates (Ge 37:25,27-28; 39:1), "their hand against every man, and every man's hand against them."
(2.) The son of Nethaniah, "of the seed royal" (Jer 40:8,15). He plotted against Gedaliah, and treacherously put him and others to death. He carried off many captives, "and departed to go over to the Ammonites."
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And Sarai, Abram's wife, will take Hagar the Egyptian, her maid servant, at the end of ten years of Abram's resting in the land of Canaan, and will give her to Abram her husband, to him for a wife.
And Hagar brought forth a son to Abram, and Abram shall call his name which Hagar brought forth, Ishmael.
And Abraham will take Ishmael his son, and all born in his house and bought with his silver, every male among the men of Abraham's house, and he will circumcise the flesh of their uncircumcision, in the self-same day, according to which God spake to him.
And Ishmael his son, the son of thirteen years in his circumcising the flesh of his uncircumcision.
And Abraham the son of an hundred years in the bringing forth to him Isaak his son.
And Sarah will see the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she brought forth to Abraham, laughing.
And Sarah will see the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she brought forth to Abraham, laughing. And she will say to Abraham, Cast out this maid-servant and her son; for the son of this maid-servant shall not inherit with my son, with Isaak.
And she will say to Abraham, Cast out this maid-servant and her son; for the son of this maid-servant shall not inherit with my son, with Isaak. And the word was greatly evil in the eyes of Abraham, on account of his son. read more. And God will say to Abraham, It shall not be evil in thine eyes concerning the boy, and concerning thy maidservant; all which Sarah shall say to thee, hear to her voice; for in Isaak the seed shall be called to thee. And also the son of this maid-servant, I will make him into a nation, for he is thy seed. And Abraham will rise early in the morning, and take food, and a leathern bottle of water, and give to Hagar (putting upon her shoulder), and the child, and will send her away: and she will go forth and wander in the desert to the well of the oath.
And Abraham will rise early in the morning, and take food, and a leathern bottle of water, and give to Hagar (putting upon her shoulder), and the child, and will send her away: and she will go forth and wander in the desert to the well of the oath. And the waters shall be spent in the water skin, and she will cast the child under one of the shrubs.
And the waters shall be spent in the water skin, and she will cast the child under one of the shrubs. And she will go and seat herself from over against., being far off as the bending of a bow: for she said, I will not see the death of the child. And she will seat herself from over against, and she will lift up her voice and weep.
And she will go and seat herself from over against., being far off as the bending of a bow: for she said, I will not see the death of the child. And she will seat herself from over against, and she will lift up her voice and weep. And God will hear the voice of the child: and the messenger of God will call to Hagar from the heavens, and will say to her, What to thee Hagar? thou. shalt not fear, for God heard the voice of the child, from where he is. read more. Arise, lift up the child, and fasten thy hand upon him; for I will make him into a great nation. And God will open her eyes, and she will see a well of waters, and will go and fill the water skin with water, and will give the child to drink. And God will be with the child; and he will be great, and dwell in the desert, and will be to increase the bow. And he will dwell in the desert Paran: and his mother will take to him a wife from the land of Egypt
And his sons Isaak and Ishmael will bury him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron, son of Zohar the Hittite, which is at the face of Mamm;
And these the years of the life of Ishmael: a hundred years, and thirty years and seven years: and he will expire and die; and he will be added to his People
And they will sit down to eat bread, and they will lift up their eyes, and will see, and behold travellers, Ishmaelites come from Gilead, and their camels bearing perfumes and balsam and myrrh, going to carry down to Egypt
Come, and we will sell him to the Ishmaelites, and our hand shall not be upon him; for he our brother, our flesh: and his brethren will hear. And men will pass by, Midianites, merchants; and they will draw and bring up Joseph from the pit, and they will sell Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty of silver: and they will bring Joseph to Egypt
And Joseph was brought down to Egypt: and Potiphar will buy him, Pharaoh's eunuch, chief of the cooks, an Egyptian man, from the hand of the Ishmaelites who brought him down there.
And they will come to Gedaliah to Mizpeh, and Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and Johanan and Jonathan, sons of Kareah, and Seraiah, son of Tanhumeth, and the sons of Ephai the Netophathite, and Jezaniah son of the Maachathite, they and their men.
And Johanan son of Kareah said to Gedaliah in Mizpeh, in secret, saying, I will go now and strike Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know: wherefore shall he strike the soul, and all the Jews gathered to thee be scattered, and the remnant of Judah perish?
Fausets
(See HAGAR; ISAAC; ABRAHAM) ("God hears"); the name of God is El, "the God of might", in relation to the world at large; not Jehovah, His name in relation to His covenant people.
1. Born of Hagar when Abraham was 86 (Ge 16:15-16), dwelling at Mature. "Jehovah," in covenant with Abraham her husband, "heard her affliction" in the wilderness whither she had fled from Sarah. The angel of Jehovah described Ishmael in a prophecy which history is continually verifying, "he will be a wild man," Hebrew a wild donkey man, i.e. fierce and wild as the donkey of the desert, the type of restless unbridled lawlessness. Job 11:12; 24:5; "behold, as wild donkeys in the desert, go they forth to their work, rising betimes for a prey (for traveling in the East is at an early hour, to be before the heat): the wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children"; i.e., these Bedouin robbers, with the unbridled wildness of the donkey of the desert, go thither. Robbery is "their work"; the wilderness which yields no food to other men "yieldeth food for them" by the plunder of caravans.
His hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him; an exact picture of Bedouin life." Many conquerors have marched into the Arabian wilderness, but they have never been able to catch this wild donkey and to tame him" (Baumgarten). "And he shall dwell in the presence of (in front of) his brethren," in close proximity to their kindred races, hovering round, but never mingling with them, never disappearing by withdrawal to some remote region, but remaining in that high table land S.E. of Judaea to which Judea may be said to look. Or else "to the E. (for as the orientals faced toward the E. in taking the points of the compass, the front meant the E.) of his brethren." In Job 1:3 the Arabs are called "the sons of the East." Ishmael was circumcised at 13 (Ge 17:25), at which age Arabs and Muslims therefore still circumcise.
Abraham's love for him appears in his exclaiming, upon God's giving the promise of seed by Sarah, then 90, Abraham himself being 100, "Oh that Ishamel might live before Thee!" whether the words mean that he desires that Ishmael (instead of the seed promised to Sarah) might be heir of the promises, or, as is more consonant with Abraham's faith, that Ishmael might be accepted before God so as to share in blessings. Then God promised: "I have blessed him, ... twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation" (compare Ge 25:12-17). See ISAAC on Ishmael's expulsion for "mocking," and (See HAGAR on Ishmael being called a "child," or "lad" (Ge 25:14-15,17), being at the time 15 or 16; the bread and bottle, but not the child, were "put on her shoulder.")
After God's saving them they "dwelt in the wilderness of Paran," the El Tih, the desert of Israel's wanderings; stretching from the wady Arabah on the E. to the gulf of Suez on the W., and from Sinai on the S. to Palestine on the N. According to eastern usage she, as a parent, chose a wife for her son, an Egyptian, possibly the mother of his 12 sons; rabbinical and Arab tradition give him a second wife; the daughter being termed "sister of Nebaioth" implies probably that the other brothers had a different mother. Esau married his daughter Mahalath before Ishmael's death, for it is written "Esau went unto Ishmael" (Ge 28:9). At 137 Ishmael "died in the presence of all his brethren" (Ge 25:17-18); i.e., fulfilling the prediction of the angel of Jehovah to Hagar (see above), Ishmael died, his nomad descendants stretching from Havilah S.E. and Shur S.W. toward the N.E., i.e. Assyria, in fact traversing the whole Arabian desert from the Euphrates to the Red Sea.
Ishmael himself cannot have settled far from Abraham's neighbourhood, for he joined with Isaac in the burial of his father (Ge 25:9), and burial in the East follows a few hours after death. Ishmael first went into the wilderness of Beersheba, then into that of Paran. "The East country" unto which Abraham sent away his sons by concubines, not to be in the way of Isaac, must therefore have been in those regions (Ge 25:6,18). The people of Arabia are called "children of the East," Bene Kedem (Jg 6:3; Job 1:3), in modern times Saracens, i.e. "Easterns" (See EAST.) Ishmael's 12 sons enumerated Ge 25:13-15 were fathers of tribes, as "their towns and their castles," or rather "hamlets," called after them, imply (Nu 31:10). These "hamlets" were collections of rude dwellings of stones piled on one another and covered with tent cloths, often ranged in a circle. (See HAZEROTH.)
The Bible does not, as scepticism asserts, state that all the Arabs sprang from Ishmael. Nay, Joktanites and even Cushites in the S. and S.E. form a large element in Arab blood. In all the northern tribes which are of Ishmaelite descent, the characteristics foretold appear, they are "wild ... their hand against every man, and every man's hand against them"; but in S. Arabia, where Joktanite and other blood exists, these characteristics are less seen. The Ishmaelite element is the chief one of the Arab nation, as the native traditions before Muhammed and the language concur with the Bible in proving. The pagan law of blood revenge necessitates every Arab's knowing the names of his ancestors for four generations, so that the race is well defined.
The term" Ishmaelites" was applied in course of time to the Midianites, sprung from Abraham and Keturah, and not from Ishmael, because the Ishmaelites being the more powerful tribe gave their name as a general one to neighbouring associated tribes (Ge 37:25,28,36; Ps 83:6), the nomad tribes of Arabia (Jg 8:24). Before Muhammed, religion in the middle and S. of Arabia was fetish and cosmic worship, but in the N. relics of the primitive faith of Ishmael survived, and numbers became Karaite Jews or held the corrupt form of Christianity which was all they knew of it. The dissatisfaction felt with both of these creeds pioneered the way for Muhammed's success. The Arab conquerors have won a hundred thrones and established their Mohamedanism from the Senegal to the Indus, from the Euphrates to the Indian Ocean.
3. 2Ch 19:11.
4. 2Ch 23:1.
5. 2Ch 10:19.
6. Son of Nethaniah, son of Elishama of the seed royal of Judah (Jer 40:7-16;Jer 40:15; 2Ki 25:23-25). Possibly descended from Elishama, David's son (2Sa 5:16). During the siege of Jerusalem Ishmael had fled to Baalis, king of Ammon, E. of Jordan. Probably Ishmael was of Ammonite blood on the mother's side, as some Jewish kings had Ammonite women in their harem (1Ki 11:1). Baalis (called from the idol Baal) his host, urged him to slay Gedaliah who under the Babylonian king governed Judaea and the population which had not been carried away. Ishmael's royal descent fired his envy and ambition; hence, he lent a ready ear to the plot proposed by the ancient foe of Judah. Ishmael as well as the brothers Johanan and Jonathan, sons of Kareah, had commanded separate bands which watched the issue of the siege from the S.E. side of Jordan; "the forces in the fields," i.e. the pasture grounds of Moab (Jer 40:7,13), the modern Belka.
These captains crossed the Jordan to pay their respects to Gedaliah at Mizpah, N. of Jerusalem, upon his appointment. In spite of Johanan's open warning of Ishmael's intention, and even private offer to slay Ishmael in order to avert the death of Gedaliah and its evil consequences to the Jewish remnant, the latter in generous unsuspiciousness refused to believe the statement. Thirty days after, in the seventh month Ishmael and "ten men, princes of the king," at an hospitable entertainment given them by Gedaliah slew him with such secrecy that no alarm was given (compare Ps 41:9), and then slew the Jews and Chaldeans, the men of war immediately about his person (not the rest, Jer 40:16), with him. Jeremiah, who usually was residing there, was providentially elsewhere. No man knew it outside Mizpah for a time.
So on the second day fourscore devotees with shaven beards, rent clothes, having cut themselves with pagan mutilations (see Le 19:27-28; De 14:1), were seen by Ishmael from the higher ground on which he was, advancing from the N. with offerings and incense in
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And Hagar brought forth a son to Abram, and Abram shall call his name which Hagar brought forth, Ishmael. And Abram the son of eighty years and six years, in Hagar's bearing Ishmael to Abram.
And Ishmael his son, the son of thirteen years in his circumcising the flesh of his uncircumcision.
And to the sons of the concubines which were to Abraham, Abraham gave gifts, and he will send them away from Isaak his son (in his yet living) from the east to the east land.
And his sons Isaak and Ishmael will bury him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron, son of Zohar the Hittite, which is at the face of Mamm;
These the generations of Ishmael, son of Abraham, whom Hagar brought forth, the Egyptian, Sarah's maid, to Abraham. And the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names according their generations: the first-born of Ishmael, Nebajoth, and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam,
And the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names according their generations: the first-born of Ishmael, Nebajoth, and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, And Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa,
And Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa, Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah.
Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These the sons of Ishmael, and these their names, in their villages, and in their fortresses; twelve princes, according to their nation. read more. And these the years of the life of Ishmael: a hundred years, and thirty years and seven years: and he will expire and die; and he will be added to his People
And these the years of the life of Ishmael: a hundred years, and thirty years and seven years: and he will expire and die; and he will be added to his People
And these the years of the life of Ishmael: a hundred years, and thirty years and seven years: and he will expire and die; and he will be added to his People And they will dwell from Havilah, even to Shur, which is upon the face of Egypt, in thy going to Assyria: and ho fell before the face of all his brethren.
And they will dwell from Havilah, even to Shur, which is upon the face of Egypt, in thy going to Assyria: and ho fell before the face of all his brethren.
And Esau will go to Ishmael, and will take Mahalath, daughter of Ishmael, Abraham's son, sister of Nebajoth, to his wives, to him for a wife.
And they will sit down to eat bread, and they will lift up their eyes, and will see, and behold travellers, Ishmaelites come from Gilead, and their camels bearing perfumes and balsam and myrrh, going to carry down to Egypt
And men will pass by, Midianites, merchants; and they will draw and bring up Joseph from the pit, and they will sell Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty of silver: and they will bring Joseph to Egypt
And the Midianites sold him in Egypt to Potiphar, an eunuch of Pharaoh chief of the cooks.
Ye shall not cut the extremities of your head, and thou shalt not destroy the extremities of thy beard. And ye shall not give an incision for the soul in your flesh, and a mark of stigma ye shall not give upon you: I Jehovah.
And their cities with their dwellings, and all their walls they burnt in fire.
Ye the sons of Jehovah your God: ye shall not cut yourselves, and ye shall not put baldness between your eyes for the dead.
And it was if Israel sowed, and Midian came up, and Amalek, and the sons of the east, and they came up against him:
And Gideon will say to them, I will ask of you an asking, and ye shall give to me a man the rings of his spoil: for gold rings to them, because they were Ishmaelites.
And Joab son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, will go forth and meet them at the pool of Gibeon together: and these will sit by the pool from hence, and those by the pool from thence.
And king Solomon loved many strange women, and the daughter of Pharaoh, Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians, Hittites;
And king Asa caused all Judah to hear; none free: and they will lift up the stones of Ramah and its woods which Baasha built, and king Asa will build with them Geba of Benjamin, and Mizpeh.
And to Azel six sons, and these their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan. All these the sons of Azel.
And to Azel six sons, and these their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan: these the sons of Azel.
And his possession will be seven thousand sheep, and three thousand camels, and five hundred pair of oxen, and five hundred she asses, and service exceedingly much; and that man shall be great above all the sons of the east.
And his possession will be seven thousand sheep, and three thousand camels, and five hundred pair of oxen, and five hundred she asses, and service exceedingly much; and that man shall be great above all the sons of the east.
And man being empty will be without heart: and man will be born a wild ass's colt
Behold, wild asses in the desert will go forth in their work, seeking for prey: the sterile region bread for him, and for the young.
Also the man of my peace whom I trusted in him, eating my bread, magnified the heel against me.
And all the chiefs of the armies which were in the field, they and their men will hear, for the king of Babel appointed Gedaliah son of Ahikam over the land, and that he committed to him the men and the women and children and the poor of the land from whom they were not carried away captive to Babel.
And all the chiefs of the armies which were in the field, they and their men will hear, for the king of Babel appointed Gedaliah son of Ahikam over the land, and that he committed to him the men and the women and children and the poor of the land from whom they were not carried away captive to Babel. And they will come to Gedaliah to Mizpeh, and Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and Johanan and Jonathan, sons of Kareah, and Seraiah, son of Tanhumeth, and the sons of Ephai the Netophathite, and Jezaniah son of the Maachathite, they and their men. read more. And Gedaliah son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan, will swear to them and to their men, saying, Ye shall not fear serving the Chaldeans: dwell in the land and serve the king of Babel, and it shall be well to you. And I, behold me dwelling in Mizpeh to stand before the Chaldeans who will come to us: and ye, gather ye Wine, and the fruit harvest, and oil, and put in your vessels, and dwell in your cities which ye took And also all the Jews which are in Moab, and among the sons of Ammon, and in Edom, and in the lands, heard that the king of Babel gave a remnant to Judah, and that he appointed over them Gedaliah son of Alukam, son of Shaphan. And all the Jews from all the places where they were thrust out there will turn back, and they will come to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah, to Mizpeh, and they will gather wine and the fruit harvest exceeding much. Johanan son of Kareah, and all the chiefs of the armies which were in the field came to Gedaliah to Mizpeh.
Johanan son of Kareah, and all the chiefs of the armies which were in the field came to Gedaliah to Mizpeh. And they will say to him, Knowing, wilt thou know that Baalis, king of the sons of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to strike thee in soul? And Gedaliah son of Ahikam believed not in them. read more. And Johanan son of Kareah said to Gedaliah in Mizpeh, in secret, saying, I will go now and strike Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know: wherefore shall he strike the soul, and all the Jews gathered to thee be scattered, and the remnant of Judah perish?
And Johanan son of Kareah said to Gedaliah in Mizpeh, in secret, saying, I will go now and strike Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know: wherefore shall he strike the soul, and all the Jews gathered to thee be scattered, and the remnant of Judah perish? And Gedaliah son of Ahikam will say to Johanan son of Kareah, Thou shalt not do this word, for thou speakest falsehood concerning Ishmael.
And Gedaliah son of Ahikam will say to Johanan son of Kareah, Thou shalt not do this word, for thou speakest falsehood concerning Ishmael.
And it will be in the seventh month, came Ishmael son of Nethaniah son of Elishama, from the seed of the kingdom, and the chiefs of the king, and ten men with him, to Gedaliah son of Ahikam, to Mizpeh, and there will they eat bread together in Mizpeh. And Ishmael son of Nethaniah will rise, and the ten men which were with him, and they will strike Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan, with the sword, and he will kill him whom the king of Babel appointed over the land.
And Ishmael will carry away captive all the remnant of the people which were in Mizpeh, the king's daughters and all the people being left in Mizpeh, which Nebuzaradan chief of the cooks committed to Gedaliah son of Ahikam: and Ishmael son of Nethaniah will carry them captive, and he will depart to pass over to the sons of Ammon.
And Ishmael son of Nethaniah escaped with eight men from the face of Johanan, and he went to the sons of Ammon. And Johanan son of Kareah will take, and all the captains of the armies which were with him, all the remnant whom he turned back from Ishmael son of Nethaniah from Mizpeh, after he struck Gedaliah son of Ahikam, the strong men of war, and the women and children, and the eunuchs which he turned back from the hill.
And Johanan son of Kareah will take, and all the captains of the armies which were with him, all the remnant whom he turned back from Ishmael son of Nethaniah from Mizpeh, after he struck Gedaliah son of Ahikam, the strong men of war, and the women and children, and the eunuchs which he turned back from the hill. And they will go and dwell in the habitation of Chimham, which is near the house of bread, to go to come into Egypt, read more. From the face of the Chaldean: for they were afraid from their face, because Ishmael son of Nethaniah, struck Gedaliah son of Ahikam, whom the king of Babel appointed over the land.
And Johanan son of Kareah will take, and all the chiefs of the armies, all the remnant of Judah who turned back from all the nations, where they were thrust away there to sojourn in the land of Judah; Men and women and children, and the king's daughters, and every soul which Nebuzaradan chief of the cooks left with Gedaliah son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan, and Jeremiah the prophet, and Baruch, son of Neriah. read more. And they will come to the land of Egypt: for they heard not to the voice of Jehovah, and they will come even to Tahpanhes.
To the sons of Ammon, thus said Jehovah: Is there no sons to Israel? none inheriting to him? Wherefore did their king inherit Gad, and his people dwelt in his cities? For this, behold, the days coming, says Jehovah, and I caused to be heard the alarm of war to Rabbah of the sons of Ammon; and it was for a heap of desolation, and her daughters shall be burned with fire; and Israel shall inherit those inheriting him, says Jehovah. read more. Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai was laid waste: cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird yourselves with sackcloth; lament, and run to and fro in the walled places; for their king shall go into captivity, his priests and his chiefs together. Wherefore wilt thou boast in the valleys, thy valley flowing away, O daughter turning away? trusting in her treasures, Who shall come to me? Behold me bringing fear upon thee, says the Lord Jehovah of armies, from all round about thee; and ye were thrust away every man to his face, and none gathering to him wandering. And after this I will turn back the captivity of the sons of Ammon, says Jehovah.
And the word of Jehovah will be to me, saying, Son of man, set thy face against the sons of Ammon, and prophesy against them. read more. And say to the sons of Ammon, Hear ye, the word of the Lord Jehovah, Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because of thy saying, Aha! to my holy place, when it was profaned, and against the land of Israel, when it was made desolate, and to the house of Judah, when they went into captivity. For this, behold me giving thee to the sons of the east for a possession, and they set their fortress in thee and in thee they gave their dwelling, they shall eat thy fruit, and they shall drink thy milk. And I gave Rabbah for a rest of camels, and the sons of Ammon for a place of lying down of sheep, and ye knew that I am Jehovah. For thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because of thy striking the hand and thy stamping with the foot and thou wilt rejoice in soul with all contempt against the land of Israel For this, behold I stretched forth my hand against thee, and I gave thee for a spoil to the nations, and I cut thee off from the peoples; and I caused thee to perish from the lands: I will destroy thee and thou knewest that I am Jehovah.
Say to all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When ye fasted and mourned in the fifth and in the seventh, and this seventy years, fasting, fasted ye to me, me?
Thus said Jehovah of armies: The fast of the fourth, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall be to the house of Judah for joy and for gladness, and for good appointments; and love ye truth and peace.
Hastings
1. The son of Abraham by Hagar. His name, which means 'May God hear,' was decided upon before his birth (Ge 16:11). As in the case of the history of his mother, three documentary sources are used by the narrator. Jahwist supplied Ge 16:4-14, Elohist Ge 21:8-21, whilst Padds such links as Ge 16:15 f., Ge 17:18-27; 25:7-10,12-17. For the story of his life up to his settlement in the wilderness of Paran, the northern part of the Sinaitic peninsula, see Hagar. At the age of thirteen he was circumcised on the same day as his father (Ge 17:25 f.). In Paran he married an Egyptian wife, and became famous as an archer (Ge 21:20 f.). No other incident is recorded, except that he was associated with his step-brother in the burial of their father (Ge 25:9), and himself died at the age of 137 (Ge 25:17).
Ishmael had been resolved into a conjectural personification of the founder of a group of tribes; but the narrative is too vivid in its portrayal of incident and character, and too true in its psychological treatment, to support that view. That there is some idealization in the particulars is possible. Tribal rivalry may have undesignedly coloured the presentment of Sarah's jealousy. The little discrepancies between the documents point to a variety of human standpoints, and are as explicable upon the implication of historicity as upon the theory of personification. The note of all the recorded passions and promptings is naturalness; and the obvious intention of the narrative, with the impression produced upon an uncommitted reader, is that of an attempt at actual biography rather than at the construction of an artificial explanation of certain relationships of race.
In regard to the so-called Ishmaelites, the case is not so clear. Ishmael is represented as the father of twelve sons (Ge 25:12-16; 1Ch 1:29-31), and the phrase 'twelve princes according to their nations' (cf. Ge 17:20) almost suggests an attempt on the part of the writer at an exhibition of his view of racial origins. A further complication arises from the confusion of Ishmaelites and Midianites (Ge 37:28 ff., Jg 8:24,26), though the two are distinguished in the genealogies of Ge 25:1,4,13. Branches of the descendants of the two step-brothers may have combined through similarity of habit and location, and been known sometimes by the one name, and sometimes by the other; but there was clearly no permanent fusion of the two families. Nor is it possible to say whether at any time a religious confederation of twelve tribes was formed under the name of Ishmael, or if the name was adopted, because of its prominence, for the protection of some weaker tribes. The scheme may have even less basis in history, and be but part of an ethnic theory by which the Hebrew genealogists sought to explain the relationships of their neighbours to one another, and to the Hebrews themselves. A dozen tribes, scattered over the Sinaitic peninsula and the districts east of the Jordan, because of some similarity in civilization or language, or in some cases possibly under the influence of correct tradition, are grouped as kinsmen, being sons of Abraham, but of inferior status, as being descended from the son of a handmaid. That the differences from the pure Hebrew were thought to be strongly Egyptian in their character or source, is indicated by the statement that Ishmael's mother and his wife were both Egyptians. The Ishmaelites soon disappear from Scripture. There are a few individuals described as of that nationality (1Ch 2:17; 27:30); but in later times the word could be used metaphorically of any hostile people (Ps 83:6).
2. A son of Azel, a descendant of Saul through Jonathan (1Ch 8:38; 9:44). 3. Ancestor of the Zebadiah who was one of Jehoshaphat's judicial officers (2Ch 19:11). 4. A military officer associated with Jehoiada in the revolution in favour of Joash (2Ch 23:1). 5. A member of the royal house of David who took the principal part in the murder of Gedaliah (Jer 41:1-2). The story is told in Jer 40:7 to Jer 41:15, with a summary in 2Ki 25:23-26. It is probable that Ishmael resented Nebuchadnezzar's appointment of Gedaliah as governor of Jud
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And Abram will go in to Hagar, and she will conceive, and she will see that she conceived; and her mistress will be despised in her eyes. And Sarai will say to Abram, My wrong upon thee: I gave my maid servant into thy bosom, and she will see that she conceived, and I shall be despised in her eyes. Jehovah will judge between me and between thee. read more. And Abram will say to Sarai, Behold thy maid servant in thy hand; do to her the good in thine eyes. And Sarai shall afflict her, and she will flee from her face. And the messenger of Jehovah shall find her by a fountain of water in the wilderness, by the fountain in the way to Shur. And he will say, Hagar, Sarai's maid servant, how camest thou here? and whither wilt thou go? And she will say, I flee from the face of Sarai, my mistress. And the messenger of Jehovah will say to her, Turn back to thy mistress and be humbled under her hands. And the messenger of Jehovah will say to her, Multiplying, I will multiply thy seed, and it shall not be counted for multitude. And the messenger of Jehovah will say to her, Behold, thou being great with child, and will bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Ishmael, for Jehovah listened to thy humiliation.
And the messenger of Jehovah will say to her, Behold, thou being great with child, and will bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Ishmael, for Jehovah listened to thy humiliation. And he shall be an unrestrained man; his hand against every one, and every one's hand against him; and before the face of all his brethren shall he dwell. read more. And she will call the name of Jehovah, having spoken to her, Thou God seest me: for she said, Here also I looked after him seeing me. For this, the well was called, The well of him seeing me; behold, between Kadesh and between Bered. And Hagar brought forth a son to Abram, and Abram shall call his name which Hagar brought forth, Ishmael.
And Abraham will say to God, O for Ishmael to live before thee And God will say. Truly, Sarah thy wife, shall bring forth to thee a son, and shall call his name Isaak: and I set up my covenant with him for a lasting covenant, and to his seed after him. read more. And for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I blessed him and made him fruitful, and I multiplied him with might exceedingly: twelve chiefs shall he beget, and I will give him into a great nation.
And for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I blessed him and made him fruitful, and I multiplied him with might exceedingly: twelve chiefs shall he beget, and I will give him into a great nation. And my covenant will I set up with Isaak whom Sarah shall bring forth to thee at this appointed time in another year. read more. And he will finish speaking with him, and God will go up from Abraham. And Abraham will take Ishmael his son, and all born in his house and bought with his silver, every male among the men of Abraham's house, and he will circumcise the flesh of their uncircumcision, in the self-same day, according to which God spake to him. And Abraham, the son of ninety and nine years in his circumcising the flesh of his uncircumcision. And Ishmael his son, the son of thirteen years in his circumcising the flesh of his uncircumcision.
And Ishmael his son, the son of thirteen years in his circumcising the flesh of his uncircumcision. And in the self-same day was Abraham circumcised, and Ishmael his son; read more. And all the men of his house, born in his house, and bought with silver of the son of the stranger, were circumcised with him.
And the child will become great, and shall be weaned; and Abraham will make a great drinking in the day of weaning Isaak. And Sarah will see the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she brought forth to Abraham, laughing. read more. And she will say to Abraham, Cast out this maid-servant and her son; for the son of this maid-servant shall not inherit with my son, with Isaak. And the word was greatly evil in the eyes of Abraham, on account of his son. And God will say to Abraham, It shall not be evil in thine eyes concerning the boy, and concerning thy maidservant; all which Sarah shall say to thee, hear to her voice; for in Isaak the seed shall be called to thee. And also the son of this maid-servant, I will make him into a nation, for he is thy seed. And Abraham will rise early in the morning, and take food, and a leathern bottle of water, and give to Hagar (putting upon her shoulder), and the child, and will send her away: and she will go forth and wander in the desert to the well of the oath. And the waters shall be spent in the water skin, and she will cast the child under one of the shrubs. And she will go and seat herself from over against., being far off as the bending of a bow: for she said, I will not see the death of the child. And she will seat herself from over against, and she will lift up her voice and weep. And God will hear the voice of the child: and the messenger of God will call to Hagar from the heavens, and will say to her, What to thee Hagar? thou. shalt not fear, for God heard the voice of the child, from where he is. Arise, lift up the child, and fasten thy hand upon him; for I will make him into a great nation. And God will open her eyes, and she will see a well of waters, and will go and fill the water skin with water, and will give the child to drink. And God will be with the child; and he will be great, and dwell in the desert, and will be to increase the bow.
And God will be with the child; and he will be great, and dwell in the desert, and will be to increase the bow. And he will dwell in the desert Paran: and his mother will take to him a wife from the land of Egypt
And Abraham will add and take a wife; and her name Keturah.
And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abidah, and Eldaah. All these the sons of Keturah.
And these the days of the years of the life of Abraham which he lived, a hundred years and seventy years and five years. And Abraham shall expire, and shall die in a good old age, and being. filled; and he shall be added to his people. read more. And his sons Isaak and Ishmael will bury him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron, son of Zohar the Hittite, which is at the face of Mamm;
And his sons Isaak and Ishmael will bury him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron, son of Zohar the Hittite, which is at the face of Mamm; The field which Abraham bought from the sons of Heth: there Abraham was buried, and Sarah his wife.
These the generations of Ishmael, son of Abraham, whom Hagar brought forth, the Egyptian, Sarah's maid, to Abraham.
These the generations of Ishmael, son of Abraham, whom Hagar brought forth, the Egyptian, Sarah's maid, to Abraham. And the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names according their generations: the first-born of Ishmael, Nebajoth, and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam,
And the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names according their generations: the first-born of Ishmael, Nebajoth, and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam,
And the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names according their generations: the first-born of Ishmael, Nebajoth, and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, And Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa,
And Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa, Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah.
Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These the sons of Ishmael, and these their names, in their villages, and in their fortresses; twelve princes, according to their nation.
These the sons of Ishmael, and these their names, in their villages, and in their fortresses; twelve princes, according to their nation. And these the years of the life of Ishmael: a hundred years, and thirty years and seven years: and he will expire and die; and he will be added to his People
And these the years of the life of Ishmael: a hundred years, and thirty years and seven years: and he will expire and die; and he will be added to his People
And men will pass by, Midianites, merchants; and they will draw and bring up Joseph from the pit, and they will sell Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty of silver: and they will bring Joseph to Egypt
And Gideon will say to them, I will ask of you an asking, and ye shall give to me a man the rings of his spoil: for gold rings to them, because they were Ishmaelites.
And the weight of the gold rings which he asked will be a thousand and seven hundred of gold; besides of little moons and earrings and purple robes which were upon the kings of Midian, and besides from the collars which upon their camels' necks.
And all the chiefs of the armies, they and their men, will hear that the king of Babel appointed Gedaliah and there will come to Gedaliah to Mizpeh, and Ishmael, son of Nethaniah, and Johanan, son of Kareah, and Seraiah, son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah son of a Maachathite, they and their men. And Gedalian will swear to them and to their men, and say to them, Ye shall not fear serving the Chaldees: dwell in the land and serve the king of Babel, and it shall be well to you. read more. And it will be in the seventh month, Ishmael, son of Nethaniah, son of Elishama of the seed of the kingdom, came, and ten men with him, and he will strike Gedaliah, and he will die, and the Jews and the Chaldees who were with him in Mizpeh. And all the people will rise from small and even to great, and the chiefs of the armies, and they will go to Egypt, for they were afraid from the face of the Chaldees.
And to Azel six sons, and these their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan. All these the sons of Azel.
And to Azel six sons, and these their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan: these the sons of Azel.
And over the camels, obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses, Jehdeiah the Meronothite:
And behold, Amariah the head priest over you for every word of Jehovah; and Zebadiah son of Ishmael the leader to the house of Judah, for every word of the king: and the scribes, the Levites, before you. Be strong and do, and Jehovah will be with the good.
And in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and he will take chiefs of hundreds to Azariah son of Jeroham, and to Ishmael son of Jehohanan, and to Azariah son of Obed, and with Maaseiah son of Adaiah, and with Elishaphat son of Zichri, with him in covenant.
And from the sons of Pashur: Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nathaniel, Jozabad, and Elasah.
And while he will not turn back, And turn back to Gedaliah, son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan, whom the king of Babel appointed over the cities of Judah, and dwell with him in the midst of the people: or to all the straight in thine eyes to go, go. And the chief of the cooks: will give to him a portion and a gift, and he will send him away. And Jeremiah will go to Gedaliah son of Ahikam, to Mizpeh, and he will dwell with him in the midst of the people being left in the land. read more. And all the chiefs of the armies which were in the field, they and their men will hear, for the king of Babel appointed Gedaliah son of Ahikam over the land, and that he committed to him the men and the women and children and the poor of the land from whom they were not carried away captive to Babel.
And they will say to him, Knowing, wilt thou know that Baalis, king of the sons of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to strike thee in soul? And Gedaliah son of Ahikam believed not in them.
And it will be in the seventh month, came Ishmael son of Nethaniah son of Elishama, from the seed of the kingdom, and the chiefs of the king, and ten men with him, to Gedaliah son of Ahikam, to Mizpeh, and there will they eat bread together in Mizpeh. And Ishmael son of Nethaniah will rise, and the ten men which were with him, and they will strike Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan, with the sword, and he will kill him whom the king of Babel appointed over the land.
And they will take all the men and go to fight with Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and they will find him at the many waters which are in the hill.
And Ishmael son of Nethaniah escaped with eight men from the face of Johanan, and he went to the sons of Ammon.
And Ishmael son of Nethaniah escaped with eight men from the face of Johanan, and he went to the sons of Ammon.
Say to all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When ye fasted and mourned in the fifth and in the seventh, and this seventy years, fasting, fasted ye to me, me?
Thus said Jehovah of armies: The fast of the fourth, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall be to the house of Judah for joy and for gladness, and for good appointments; and love ye truth and peace.
Morish
Ish'mael
1. Son of Abraham and Hagar the bondmaid of Sarah. Before he was born, when Hagar ran away because of the severity of her mistress, the angel of the Lord appeared to her, and told her to return to her mistress: her seed should be numberless, and she was to call her son's name Ishmael, which signifies 'El shall hear.' He would be a wild man, his hand would be against every man, and every man's hand against him. Abraham prayed that Ishmael might live before God, but typically he represents the seed of Abraham according to the flesh, hence though God answered that He would bless Ishmael, and multiply him exceedingly, he should also beget twelve princes, and God would make him a great nation; yet the covenant should be established with Isaac. When Ishmael was thirteen years old Abraham circumcised him, and all the men of his house. In this act Abraham acknowledged in faith that the blessing asked for his natural seed could not be had through the strength of the flesh: all the mercies of God are secured in resurrection.
At the 'great feast' when Isaac, the child born after the Spirit, was weaned, Ishmael mocked, and Sarah besought Abraham to cast out both mother and son. This was grievous to Abraham, but God, having approved the suggestion, he rose early in the morning, and providing them with some bread and a bottle of water he sent them away. The water was soon consumed, and Hagar in despair placed Ishmael under a shrub, and departed so as not to see him die. The angel of God called to her, showed her a well, and the child was saved. God was with the lad, for he was the seed of Abraham; he dwelt in the wilderness and became an archer. At first he was located in the wilderness of Beer-sheba and afterwards at Paran, a region between Canaan and mount Sinai. His mother chose a woman of Egypt for his wife. His twelve sons are recorded, and their 'towns ' and 'castles,' or encampments, according to their nations, are spoken of. Ishmael was present at the burial of his father and lived 137 years. Ge 16:11-16; 17:18-26; 25:9-17; 28:9; 36:3; 1Ch 1:28-31.
The Bedouin Arabs are doubtless the descendants of Ishmael. They are wild men in the sense of their love of freedom, dwelling in tents, and riding over the desert, spear in hand. They truly are 'against every man,' robbing every one when they can do so with safety to themselves. The Bedouins will not admit their descent from Ishmael; they refer his descendants to the Most (or mixed) Arabians, because Ishmael's mother was an Egyptian. The Bedouins claim to have descended from Joktan, son of Eber. Ge 10:25.
2. Son of Azel, a descendant of Saul. 1Ch 8:38; 9:44.
3. Father of Zebadiah a ruler under Jehoshaphat. 2Ch 19:11.
4. Son of Jehohanan, and one of the 'captains of hundreds' who assisted in setting Joash on the throne. 2Ch 23:1.
5. Priest who had married a strange wife. Ezr 10:22.
6. Son of Nethaniah, of the 'seed royal,' but of what family is not known. His craft and ferocity show that he was unworthy of a throne. He treacherously slew Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon had made governor over the cities of Judah, and all the Jews that were with him in Mizpah. He followed up this crime by the cruel and treacherous murder of eighty men from Shechem, Shiloh, and Samaria, who were bringing gifts to the temple, only ten being spared. He then carried away captive all that were left in Mizpah, and departed to go over to the Ammonites; but Johanan the son of Kareah, and those with him, rescued the captives. Ishmael escaped and is heard of no more. 2Ki 25:23-25; Jer 40:8-16; 41.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And to Eber shall be born two sons: the name of the latter, Peleg, for in his days the earth was divided; and the name of his brother, Joktan.
And the messenger of Jehovah will say to her, Behold, thou being great with child, and will bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Ishmael, for Jehovah listened to thy humiliation. And he shall be an unrestrained man; his hand against every one, and every one's hand against him; and before the face of all his brethren shall he dwell. read more. And she will call the name of Jehovah, having spoken to her, Thou God seest me: for she said, Here also I looked after him seeing me. For this, the well was called, The well of him seeing me; behold, between Kadesh and between Bered. And Hagar brought forth a son to Abram, and Abram shall call his name which Hagar brought forth, Ishmael. And Abram the son of eighty years and six years, in Hagar's bearing Ishmael to Abram.
And Abraham will say to God, O for Ishmael to live before thee And God will say. Truly, Sarah thy wife, shall bring forth to thee a son, and shall call his name Isaak: and I set up my covenant with him for a lasting covenant, and to his seed after him. read more. And for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I blessed him and made him fruitful, and I multiplied him with might exceedingly: twelve chiefs shall he beget, and I will give him into a great nation. And my covenant will I set up with Isaak whom Sarah shall bring forth to thee at this appointed time in another year. And he will finish speaking with him, and God will go up from Abraham. And Abraham will take Ishmael his son, and all born in his house and bought with his silver, every male among the men of Abraham's house, and he will circumcise the flesh of their uncircumcision, in the self-same day, according to which God spake to him. And Abraham, the son of ninety and nine years in his circumcising the flesh of his uncircumcision. And Ishmael his son, the son of thirteen years in his circumcising the flesh of his uncircumcision. And in the self-same day was Abraham circumcised, and Ishmael his son;
And his sons Isaak and Ishmael will bury him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron, son of Zohar the Hittite, which is at the face of Mamm; The field which Abraham bought from the sons of Heth: there Abraham was buried, and Sarah his wife. read more. And it shall be after the death of Abraham, God will bless Isaak his son; and Isaak will dwell by the well at the living vision. These the generations of Ishmael, son of Abraham, whom Hagar brought forth, the Egyptian, Sarah's maid, to Abraham. And the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names according their generations: the first-born of Ishmael, Nebajoth, and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, And Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa, Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These the sons of Ishmael, and these their names, in their villages, and in their fortresses; twelve princes, according to their nation. And these the years of the life of Ishmael: a hundred years, and thirty years and seven years: and he will expire and die; and he will be added to his People
And Esau will go to Ishmael, and will take Mahalath, daughter of Ishmael, Abraham's son, sister of Nebajoth, to his wives, to him for a wife.
And all the chiefs of the armies, they and their men, will hear that the king of Babel appointed Gedaliah and there will come to Gedaliah to Mizpeh, and Ishmael, son of Nethaniah, and Johanan, son of Kareah, and Seraiah, son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah son of a Maachathite, they and their men. And Gedalian will swear to them and to their men, and say to them, Ye shall not fear serving the Chaldees: dwell in the land and serve the king of Babel, and it shall be well to you. read more. And it will be in the seventh month, Ishmael, son of Nethaniah, son of Elishama of the seed of the kingdom, came, and ten men with him, and he will strike Gedaliah, and he will die, and the Jews and the Chaldees who were with him in Mizpeh.
And to Azel six sons, and these their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan. All these the sons of Azel.
And to Azel six sons, and these their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan: these the sons of Azel.
And behold, Amariah the head priest over you for every word of Jehovah; and Zebadiah son of Ishmael the leader to the house of Judah, for every word of the king: and the scribes, the Levites, before you. Be strong and do, and Jehovah will be with the good.
And in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and he will take chiefs of hundreds to Azariah son of Jeroham, and to Ishmael son of Jehohanan, and to Azariah son of Obed, and with Maaseiah son of Adaiah, and with Elishaphat son of Zichri, with him in covenant.
And from the sons of Pashur: Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nathaniel, Jozabad, and Elasah.
And they will come to Gedaliah to Mizpeh, and Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and Johanan and Jonathan, sons of Kareah, and Seraiah, son of Tanhumeth, and the sons of Ephai the Netophathite, and Jezaniah son of the Maachathite, they and their men. And Gedaliah son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan, will swear to them and to their men, saying, Ye shall not fear serving the Chaldeans: dwell in the land and serve the king of Babel, and it shall be well to you. read more. And I, behold me dwelling in Mizpeh to stand before the Chaldeans who will come to us: and ye, gather ye Wine, and the fruit harvest, and oil, and put in your vessels, and dwell in your cities which ye took And also all the Jews which are in Moab, and among the sons of Ammon, and in Edom, and in the lands, heard that the king of Babel gave a remnant to Judah, and that he appointed over them Gedaliah son of Alukam, son of Shaphan. And all the Jews from all the places where they were thrust out there will turn back, and they will come to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah, to Mizpeh, and they will gather wine and the fruit harvest exceeding much. Johanan son of Kareah, and all the chiefs of the armies which were in the field came to Gedaliah to Mizpeh. And they will say to him, Knowing, wilt thou know that Baalis, king of the sons of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to strike thee in soul? And Gedaliah son of Ahikam believed not in them. And Johanan son of Kareah said to Gedaliah in Mizpeh, in secret, saying, I will go now and strike Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know: wherefore shall he strike the soul, and all the Jews gathered to thee be scattered, and the remnant of Judah perish? And Gedaliah son of Ahikam will say to Johanan son of Kareah, Thou shalt not do this word, for thou speakest falsehood concerning Ishmael.
Smith
Ish'mael
(whom God hears).
1. The son of Abraham by Hagar the Egyptian his concubine; born when Abraham was fourscore and six years old.
(B.C. 1910.) Ishmael was the first-born of his father. He was born in Abraham's house when he dwelt in the plain of Mamre; and on the institution of the covenant of circumcision, was circumcised, he being then thirteen years old
With the institution of the covenant, God renewed his promise respecting Ishmael. He does not again appear in the narrative until the weaning of Isaac. At the great feast made in celebration of the weaning, "Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she had borne unto Abraham, mocking," and urged Abraham to cast him and his mother out. Comforted by the renewal of God's promise to make of Ishmael a great nation, Abraham sent them away, and they departed and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba. His mother took Ishmael a wife out of the land of Egypt."
This wife of Ishmael was the mother of the twelve sons and one daughter. Of the later life of Ishmael we know little. He was present with Isaac at the burial of Abraham. He died at the age of 137 years.
The sons of Ishmael peopled the north and west of the Arabian peninsula, and eventually formed the chief element of the Arab nation, the wandering Bedouin tribes. They are now mostly Mohammedans who look to him as their spiritual father, as the Jews look to Abraham. Their language, which is generally acknowledged to have been the Arabic community so called, has been adopted with insignificant exceptions throughout Arabia. The term "Ishmaelite" occur on three occasions:
Ge 37:25,27-28; 39:1; Jg 8:24; Ps 83:6
2. One of the sons of Azel, a descendant of Saul through Meribbaal or Mephibosheth.
3. A man of Judah, father of Zebadiah.
4. Another man of Judah, son of Jehohanan; one of the captains of hundreds who assisted Jehoiada in restoring Joash to the throne.
5. A priest of the Bene-Pashur, who was forced by Ezra to relinquish his foreign wife.
6. The son of Nethaniah; a perfect marvel of craft and villainy, whose treachery forms one of the chief episodes of the history of the period immediately succeeding the first fall of Jerusalem. His exploits are related in
with a short summary. During the siege of the city he had fled across the Jordan where he found a refuge at the court of Baalis. After the departure of the Chaldeans, Ishmael made no secret of his intention to kill the superintendent left by the king of Babylon and usurp his position. Of this Zedaliah was warned in express terms by Johanan and his companions, but notwithstanding entertained Ishmael and his followers at a feast,
during which Ishmael murdered Gedaliah and all his attendants. The same night he killed all Zedaliah's establishment, including some Chaldean soldiers who were there. For two days the massacre remained entirely unknown to the people of the town. On the second day eighty devotees were bringing incense and offerings to the ruins of the temple. At his invitation they turned aside to the residence of the superintendent, and there Ishmael and his band butchered nearly the whole number: ten only escaped by offering a heavy ransom for their lives. This done he descended to the town, surprised and carried off the daughters of King Zedekiah, who had been sent there by Nebuchadnezzar for safety, with their eunuchs and their Chaldean guard,
and all the people of the town, and made off with his prisoners to the country of the Ammonites. The news of the massacre had by this time got abroad, and Ishmael was quickly pursued by Johanan and his companions. He was attacked, two of his bravos slain, the whole of the prey recovered; and Ishmael himself with the remaining eight of his people, escaped to the Ammonites.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Hagar brought forth a son to Abram, and Abram shall call his name which Hagar brought forth, Ishmael. And Abram the son of eighty years and six years, in Hagar's bearing Ishmael to Abram.
And in the self-same day was Abraham circumcised, and Ishmael his son;
And Sarah will see the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she brought forth to Abraham, laughing. And she will say to Abraham, Cast out this maid-servant and her son; for the son of this maid-servant shall not inherit with my son, with Isaak. read more. And the word was greatly evil in the eyes of Abraham, on account of his son. And God will say to Abraham, It shall not be evil in thine eyes concerning the boy, and concerning thy maidservant; all which Sarah shall say to thee, hear to her voice; for in Isaak the seed shall be called to thee. And also the son of this maid-servant, I will make him into a nation, for he is thy seed. And Abraham will rise early in the morning, and take food, and a leathern bottle of water, and give to Hagar (putting upon her shoulder), and the child, and will send her away: and she will go forth and wander in the desert to the well of the oath. And the waters shall be spent in the water skin, and she will cast the child under one of the shrubs. And she will go and seat herself from over against., being far off as the bending of a bow: for she said, I will not see the death of the child. And she will seat herself from over against, and she will lift up her voice and weep. And God will hear the voice of the child: and the messenger of God will call to Hagar from the heavens, and will say to her, What to thee Hagar? thou. shalt not fear, for God heard the voice of the child, from where he is. Arise, lift up the child, and fasten thy hand upon him; for I will make him into a great nation. And God will open her eyes, and she will see a well of waters, and will go and fill the water skin with water, and will give the child to drink. And God will be with the child; and he will be great, and dwell in the desert, and will be to increase the bow. And he will dwell in the desert Paran: and his mother will take to him a wife from the land of Egypt
And these the years of the life of Ishmael: a hundred years, and thirty years and seven years: and he will expire and die; and he will be added to his People And they will dwell from Havilah, even to Shur, which is upon the face of Egypt, in thy going to Assyria: and ho fell before the face of all his brethren.
And they will sit down to eat bread, and they will lift up their eyes, and will see, and behold travellers, Ishmaelites come from Gilead, and their camels bearing perfumes and balsam and myrrh, going to carry down to Egypt
Come, and we will sell him to the Ishmaelites, and our hand shall not be upon him; for he our brother, our flesh: and his brethren will hear. And men will pass by, Midianites, merchants; and they will draw and bring up Joseph from the pit, and they will sell Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty of silver: and they will bring Joseph to Egypt
And Joseph was brought down to Egypt: and Potiphar will buy him, Pharaoh's eunuch, chief of the cooks, an Egyptian man, from the hand of the Ishmaelites who brought him down there.
And Gideon will say to them, I will ask of you an asking, and ye shall give to me a man the rings of his spoil: for gold rings to them, because they were Ishmaelites.
And to Azel six sons, and these their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan. All these the sons of Azel.
And to Azel six sons, and these their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan: these the sons of Azel.
And behold, Amariah the head priest over you for every word of Jehovah; and Zebadiah son of Ishmael the leader to the house of Judah, for every word of the king: and the scribes, the Levites, before you. Be strong and do, and Jehovah will be with the good.
And they will put hands upon her, and she will come to the entrance of the gate of horses of the king's house; and they will slay her there.
And from the sons of Pashur: Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nathaniel, Jozabad, and Elasah.
The word which was to Jeremiah from Jehovah after Nebuzaradan chief of the cooks sent him from Ramah, in his taking him, he being bound in manacles in the midst of all the captivity of Jerusalem and Judah, being carried away captive to Babel.
And all the chiefs of the armies which were in the field, they and their men will hear, for the king of Babel appointed Gedaliah son of Ahikam over the land, and that he committed to him the men and the women and children and the poor of the land from whom they were not carried away captive to Babel.
And it will be in the seventh month, came Ishmael son of Nethaniah son of Elishama, from the seed of the kingdom, and the chiefs of the king, and ten men with him, to Gedaliah son of Ahikam, to Mizpeh, and there will they eat bread together in Mizpeh.
And Ishmael will carry away captive all the remnant of the people which were in Mizpeh, the king's daughters and all the people being left in Mizpeh, which Nebuzaradan chief of the cooks committed to Gedaliah son of Ahikam: and Ishmael son of Nethaniah will carry them captive, and he will depart to pass over to the sons of Ammon.
And Johanan son of Kareah will take, and all the captains of the armies which were with him, all the remnant whom he turned back from Ishmael son of Nethaniah from Mizpeh, after he struck Gedaliah son of Ahikam, the strong men of war, and the women and children, and the eunuchs which he turned back from the hill.
And Johanan son of Kareah will take, and all the captains of the armies which were with him, all the remnant whom he turned back from Ishmael son of Nethaniah from Mizpeh, after he struck Gedaliah son of Ahikam, the strong men of war, and the women and children, and the eunuchs which he turned back from the hill.