Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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Ye have heard, that it was said to the ancients, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever committeth murder, shall be liable to the judgment: but I say unto you, that whosoever is angry with his brother without cause shall be liable to the judgment; and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be obnoxious to the council; but whosoever shall say, "Thou fool," shall be in danger of hell-fire.
for I tell you verily, it shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrha, in the day of judgement, than for that city.
but I tell you, that of every idle word, which men shall speak, they shall give an account in the day of judgement; for by thy words thou shalt be justified,
So when the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with Him, then shall He sit upon his glorious throne: and all nations shall be assembled before Him; and He shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divides the sheep from the goats: read more. and He shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on his left. Then will the king say to them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world: for I was famishing, and ye gave me food; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink; I was a stranger, and ye took me in; I was naked, and ye clothed me; I was sick, and ye took care of me; I was in prison, and ye visited me. Then will the righteous answer Him, saying, Lord, when did we see thee hungry, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? and when did we see thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? and when did we see thee sick, or in prison, and visited thee? And the king replying will say unto them, Verily I declare unto you, inasmuch as ye did it to one of the lest of these my brethren, ye did it to me. Then will He say also to those on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels: for I was famishing, and ye gave me nothing to eat; I was a-thirst, and ye gave me no drink; I was a stranger, and ye took me not in; naked, and ye clothed me not; sick, and in prison, and ye took no care of me. Then will they also answer Him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee famishing, or a-thirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not relieve thee? Then will He reply to them, saying, Verily I tell you, inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the lest of these, ye did it not to me. And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life everlasting.
Jesus saith unto him, It is as thou hast said: and I tell you, hereafter ye shall see the Son of man sitting at the right hand of power, and coming on the clouds of heaven.
For neither doth the Father judge any one, but hath committed all judgement to the Son;
Because He hath fixed a day, in which He will judge the world in righteousness, by that man whom He hath appointed thereto; having given assurance of it to all men, by raising Him from the dead.
But why dost thou censure thy brother? or why dost thou set at nought thy brother? since we shall all stand before the tribunal of Christ; for it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God. read more. So that every one of us shall give an account of himself to God.
And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged by the things written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were in it; and death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them: and they were judged every one according to their works. read more. And death and Hades were cast into the lake of fire: this is the second death. And whosoever was not found written in the book of life, was cast into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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Another parable propounded He unto them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is like a man, who sowed good grain in his ground: but while men were asleep, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and went away. read more. Now when the blade shot forth, and produced the corn, then the tares also appeared. So the servants came to their master, and said unto him, Sir, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? whence then are the tares? And he said unto them, Some enemy hath done this. The servants therefore said unto him, Wilt thou then that we go and gather them up? But he said, No: least in plucking up the tares ye root up the corn along with them. Let both grow together till harvest, and in the time of the harvest I will say to the reapers, First gather the weeds together, and bind them in bundles to burn them; but carry the wheat into my barn.
and He answered them, and said, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man; the field is the world; the good seed are the children of my kingdom; and the tares are the children of the wicked one. read more. The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are the angels. As therefore the tares are gathered together, and burnt in the fire; so shall it be in the end of the world: the Son of man will send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all that commit offences, and those who do iniquity, and shall cast them into the furnace of fire, and there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. But the righteous shall then shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net, that was cast into the sea, and inclosed fishes of various sorts; which, when it was full, they dragged to the shore, and sat down and gathered the good into vessels, and threw out the bad. read more. So shall it be at the end of the world: the angels shall come forth, and separate the wicked from among the righteous; and shall cast them into the fiery furnace, and there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
and He will send forth his messengers with a trumpet of a loud voice, and they shall gather his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other. Now learn a parable from the fig-tree: when it's branch is tender and bringeth forth leaves, ye know that summer is nigh; read more. so ye also, when ye shall see all these things, know that it is near even at the doors. Verily I tell you, this generation shall not pass away, till all these be fulfilled. Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away. But of THAT day and hour knoweth no one, not even the angels of heaven, but my Father only: for as the days of Noah were, so shall be also the coming of the Son of man; for as in the days before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, till the day that Noah entered into the ark, and knew not of it till the deluge came and took them all away; so shall be also the coming of the Son of man. Then there shall be two in the field, the one shall be taken and the other left: and two women grinding at the mill, one taken and one left. Watch therefore, for ye know not at what hour your Lord cometh: but this ye know, that if the master of the house had known at what hour the thief would come, he would have watched, and would not have suffered his house to be broke open: therefore be ye also ready; for the Son of man cometh at a time that ye think not of. Who then is the faithful and prudent servant, whom his lord hath set over his family to give them food in due season?
that ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit upon thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
in the day when God will judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ, according to my gospel.
to the general assembly and church of the first-born who are written in heaven, and to God the judge of all, and to the spirits of the just made perfect,
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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For the Son of man will come in the glory of his father, with his angels, and then he will recompense every one according to his practice.
And immediately after the affliction of those days, the fun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give it's light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken:
So when the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with Him, then shall He sit upon his glorious throne:
So when the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with Him, then shall He sit upon his glorious throne: and all nations shall be assembled before Him; and He shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divides the sheep from the goats: read more. and He shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on his left. Then will the king say to them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world: for I was famishing, and ye gave me food; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink; I was a stranger, and ye took me in; I was naked, and ye clothed me; I was sick, and ye took care of me; I was in prison, and ye visited me. Then will the righteous answer Him, saying, Lord, when did we see thee hungry, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? and when did we see thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? and when did we see thee sick, or in prison, and visited thee? And the king replying will say unto them, Verily I declare unto you, inasmuch as ye did it to one of the lest of these my brethren, ye did it to me. Then will He say also to those on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels: for I was famishing, and ye gave me nothing to eat; I was a-thirst, and ye gave me no drink; I was a stranger, and ye took me not in; naked, and ye clothed me not; sick, and in prison, and ye took no care of me. Then will they also answer Him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee famishing, or a-thirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not relieve thee? Then will He reply to them, saying, Verily I tell you, inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the lest of these, ye did it not to me. And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life everlasting.
Wonder not at this; for the time is coming, in which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, and shall come forth, they that have done good to the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil to the resurrection of damnation.
And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thine house.
Now if we be dead with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with Him:
For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain: and if I live in the flesh, this is the fruit of my labor:
For ye are dead as to the world, and your life is hid with Christ in God.
and to you, who are in trouble, rest with us, at the revelation of the Lord Jesus from heaven, with his mighty angels, in flaming fire, taking vengeance on those who know not God, and who obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ: read more. who shall be punished with everlasting destruction, by the presence of the Lord and by his glorious power:
But the heavens and the earth, that now are, by the same Word are kept in store, reserved unto fire on the day of judgement and destruction of ungodly men.
But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night, in which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements being set on fire shall be dissolved, and the earth and the works therein shall be burnt up.
And now, little children, abide, I say, in Him; that, when He shall appear, we may have confidence, and may not be ashamed before Him at his coming.
And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it: and they shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them.
And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged by the things written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were in it; and death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them: and they were judged every one according to their works.
And He said to me, It is done. I am the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end: I will give to him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely.