Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
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beginning from the baptism of John until the day when he was taken up from usone of these men must become with us a witness to his resurrection."
But Peter, taking his stand with the eleven, raised his voice and addressed them: "Men of Judea and all you who live in Jerusalem, let this be known to you and give heed to my words.
The young men arose and wrapped him up, carried him out, and buried him.
So the twelve summoned the congregation of the disciples and said, "It is not right for us to neglect the word of God in order to serve tables.
And this they did, sending it to the elders by Barnabas and Saul.
But motioning to them with his hand to be silent, he described to them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, "Tell this to James and to the brethren." Then he left and went to another place.
But Elymas the magician (for that is the meaning of his name) was opposing them, seeking to turn the proconsul away from the faith.
But when the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard of it, they tore their robes and rushed out into the crowd, crying out
And when they had appointed elders for them in every church, with prayer and fasting they committed them to the Lord in whom they believed.
And God, who knows the heart, bore witness to them giving them the Holy Spirit, just as he also did to us;
Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole church, to choose men from among them and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas. They sent Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leading men among the brethren,
From Miletus he sent to Ephesus and called to him the elders of the church.
Be on guard for yourselves and for all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God which he purchased with the blood of his Own.
On the next day we left and came to Caesarea, and entering the house of Philip the evangelist, who was one of the seven, we stayed with him. He had four unmarried daughters who prophesied.
And the following day Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders were present.
he who exhorts, in exhortation; he who gives, with liberality; he who leads, with diligence; he who does acts of mercy, with cheerfulness.
I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is a servant of the church in Cenchrea,
Greet Andronicus and Junias, my kinsmen and my fellow prisoners; they are men of note among the apostles, and they were in Christ before me.
I say this to your shame. Can it be that there is no man among you wise enough to decide between his brethren,
Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
But every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her headit is the same as if her head were shaved.
Does not even nature itself teach you that if a man has long hair, it is a dishonor to him,
And God has appointed in the church first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then workers of miracles, then those having gifts of healings, helps, administrations, and those speaking in various kinds of tongues.
And God has appointed in the church first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then workers of miracles, then those having gifts of healings, helps, administrations, and those speaking in various kinds of tongues.
and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve.
Paul, an apostlesent not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead
But I saw none of the other apostles except James, the Lord's brother.
(for he who effectually worked for Peter in his apostleship to the circumcised effectually worked for me also to the Gentiles),
having been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone,
which was not made known to the sons of men in other generations as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit;
And he gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, some pastors and teachers,
And he gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, some pastors and teachers,
Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the overseers and deacons:
But we ask you, brethren, to respect those who labor among you and are over you in the Lord and admonish you,
The women must likewise be dignified, not malicious gossips, but temperate, faithful in all things.
Do not rebuke an older man, but exhort him as a father, younger men as brothers,
The elders who rule well are to be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who work hard at preaching and teaching.
The elders who rule well are to be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who work hard at preaching and teaching.
For this reason I left you in Crete, that you might straighten out what was left unfinished, and appoint elders in every town as I directed you,
For the overseer must be blameless as God's steward, not self-willed, not quick-tempered, not addicted to wine, not violent, not fond of sordid gain,
Remember your leaders, those who spoke to you the word of God; consider the outcome of their life, and imitate their faith.
Obey your leaders and submit to them; for they are keeping watch over your souls, as men who will have to give account. Let them do this with joy, and not with grief, for that would be of no advantage to you.
But above all, my brethren, do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or with any other oath, but let your yes be yes and your no be no, that you may not fall under condemnation.
Is any among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord;
So I exhort the elders among you, as a fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ and a partaker in the glory that is to be revealed,
Nevertheless I have this against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess and is teaching and beguiling my servants to practice sexual immorality and to eat food sacrificed to idols.
And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them were the twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.