Reference: Jehoiakim
American
Or ELIAKIM, second son of Josiah, brother and successor of Jehoahaz or Shallum, king of Judah, for whom he was substituted by the king of Egypt. He was king during eleven years of luxury, extortion, and idolatry. In the third year, Nebuchadnezzar carried to Babylon a part of his princes and treasures. A year after, his allied the Egyptians were defeated on the Euphrates; yet he despised the warnings of Jeremiah, and cast his book into the fire. At length he rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, but was defeated and ingloriously slain, B. C. 599, 2Ki 23:34; 24:6; 2Ch 36:4-8; Jer 22; 26; 36.
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And Pharaoh-Necho will make Eliakim son of Josiah, king, instead of Josiah his father, and he will turn his name to Jehoiakim, and he took Jehoahaz: and he will come to Egypt and die there.
And Jehoiakim will lie down with his fathers, and Jehoiachin his son will reign in his stead.
Easton
he whom Jehovah has set up, the second son of Josiah, and eighteenth king of Judah, which he ruled over for eleven years (B.C. 610-599). His original name was Eliakim (q.v.).
On the death of his father his younger brother Jehoahaz (=Shallum, Jer 22:11), who favoured the Chaldeans against the Egyptians, was made king by the people; but the king of Egypt, Pharaoh-necho, invaded the land and deposed Jehoahaz (2Ki 23:33-34; Jer 22:10-12), setting Eliakim on the throne in his stead, and changing his name to Jehoiakim.
After this the king of Egypt took no part in Jewish politics, having been defeated by the Chaldeans at Carchemish (2Ki 24:7; Jer 46:2). Palestine was now invaded and conquered by Nebuchadnezzar. Jehoiakim was taken prisoner and carried captive to Babylon (2Ch 36:6-7). It was at this time that Daniel also and his three companions were taken captive to Babylon (Da 1:1-2).
Nebuchadnezzar reinstated Jehoiakim on his throne, but treated him as a vassal king. In the year after this, Jeremiah caused his prophecies to be read by Baruch in the court of the temple. Jehoiakim, hearing of this, had them also read in the royal palace before himself. The words displeased him, and taking the roll from the hands of Baruch he cut it in pieces and threw it into the fire (Jer 36:23). During his disastrous reign there was a return to the old idolatry and corruption of the days of Manasseh.
After three years of subjection to Babylon, Jehoiakim withheld his tribute and threw off the yoke (2Ki 24:1), hoping to make himself independent. Nebuchadnezzar sent bands of Chaldeans, Syrians, and Ammonites (2Ki 24:2) to chastise his rebellious vassal. They cruelly harassed the whole country (comp. Jer 49:1-6). The king came to a violent death, and his body having been thrown over the wall of Jerusalem, to convince the beseieging army that he was dead, after having been dragged away, was buried beyond the gates of Jerusalem "with the burial of an ass," B.C. 599 (Jer 22:18-19; 36:30). Nebuchadnezzar placed his son Jehoiachin on the throne, wishing still to retain the kingdom of Judah as tributary to him.
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And Pharaoh-Necho will bind him in Riblah in the land of Hamath, in reigning in Jerusalem; and he will give a fine upon the land, a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold. And Pharaoh-Necho will make Eliakim son of Josiah, king, instead of Josiah his father, and he will turn his name to Jehoiakim, and he took Jehoahaz: and he will come to Egypt and die there.
In his days came up Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babel, and Jehoiakim will be to him a servant three years: and he will turn back and rebel against him. And Jehovah will send against him troops of Chaldeans and troops of Aram, and troops of Moab, and troops of the sons of Ammon, and he will send them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of Jehovah which he spake by the hand of his servants the prophets.
And the king of Egypt added no more to come forth from his land, for the king of Babel took from the torrent of Egypt, even to the river Phrath, all which was to the king of Eygpt
Against him came up Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel, and he will bind him in fetters to cause him to go to Babel. And from the vessels of the house of God Nebuchadnezzar brought to Babel, and he will give them into his temple in Babel
Ye shall not weep for the dead, and ye shall not bewail for him: weep ye, weep ye for him going away, for he shall no more turn back and see the land of his nativity. For thus said Jehovah to Shallum son of Josiah, king of Judah, reigning, instead of Josiah his father, who went forth from this place: He shall no more return there:
For thus said Jehovah to Shallum son of Josiah, king of Judah, reigning, instead of Josiah his father, who went forth from this place: He shall no more return there: For in the place where they carried him captive, there he shall die, and shall no more see this land.
For this, thus said Jehovah of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah: They shall not lament for him: Alas, my brother! and, Alas, sister! they shall not lament for him, Alas, lord! and, Alas, the majesty! He shall be buried the burial of an ass, dragged and cast from beyond the gate of Jerusalem.
And it will be as Jehudi read three columns and four, he will rend it with the knife of the scribe, and cast into the fire which was in the furnace, even till all the roll was consumed upon the fire which was upon the furnace.
For this, thus said Jehovah concerning Jehoiakim, king of Judah, He sitting upon the throne of David shall not be to him, and his corpse shall be cast out to the heat in the day, and to the cold in the night
To Egypt against the army of Pharaoh-Necho, king of Egypt, that was upon the river Phrath in Carchemish, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel smote in the fourth year to Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah.
To the sons of Ammon, thus said Jehovah: Is there no sons to Israel? none inheriting to him? Wherefore did their king inherit Gad, and his people dwelt in his cities? For this, behold, the days coming, says Jehovah, and I caused to be heard the alarm of war to Rabbah of the sons of Ammon; and it was for a heap of desolation, and her daughters shall be burned with fire; and Israel shall inherit those inheriting him, says Jehovah. read more. Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai was laid waste: cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird yourselves with sackcloth; lament, and run to and fro in the walled places; for their king shall go into captivity, his priests and his chiefs together. Wherefore wilt thou boast in the valleys, thy valley flowing away, O daughter turning away? trusting in her treasures, Who shall come to me? Behold me bringing fear upon thee, says the Lord Jehovah of armies, from all round about thee; and ye were thrust away every man to his face, and none gathering to him wandering. And after this I will turn back the captivity of the sons of Ammon, says Jehovah.
In the third year to the kingdom of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel to Jerusalem, and he will press it And Jehovah will give Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, and from the number of vessels of the house of God: and he will bring them to the land of Shinar the house of his god; and he brought the vessels into the treasure-house of his god.
Fausets
JEHOIAKIM or ELIAKIM ("whom El, God, established") at first; 25 years old at his accession. Second son of Josiah and Zebudah, daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah (Arumah in Manasseh, near Shechem? Jg 9:41); Johanan was the oldest son. Raised to the throne by Pharaoh Necho, who named him Jehoiakim (whom Jehovah establishes), having deposed Jehoahaz, the people's nominee, his younger brother. (See JEHOAHAZ.) Pharaoh bound Jehoiakim to exact tribute from Judah, for Josiah's having taken part with Babylon against him: one talent of gold and 100 talents of silver (40,000 British pounds). So "Jehoiakim valued ('taxed') the land to give the money to Pharaoh ... he exacted the silver and gold of every one according to his valuation" ("taxation"): 2Ki 23:33-34; Jer 22:10-12; Eze 19:4. In Jehoiakim's fourth year Necho suffered his great defeat from Babylon at Carehemish, wherein he lost his possessions between Euphrates and the Nile, and returned no more to Judaea; so that Josiah's death was not unavenged (2Ki 24:7; Jer 46:2).
The change of Jehoiakim's name marked his vassalage (Ge 41:45; Ezr 5:14; Da 1:7). The names were often from the pagan gods of the conqueror. In this case not so; the pagan kings Pharaoh and Nebuchadnezzar made Jehoiakim and Zedekiah ("Jehovah's righteousness") confirm their covenant of subjection with the seal of Jehovah's name, the Jews' own God, by whom they had sworn fealty. Jehoiakim reigned 11 years, doing evil throughout, as his forefathers before him. "His eyes and heart were only for covetousness, shedding innocent blood, oppression, and violence" (Jer 22:13-17). "He built his house by unrighteousness and wrong, using his neighbour's service without wages," using his people's forced labour to build himself a splendid palace, in violation of Le 19:13; De 24:14-15; compare Mic 3:10; Hab 2:9; Jas 5:4.
God will repay those who repay not their neighbour's work. His "abominations which he did, and that which was found in him," are alluded to 2Ch 36:6. God finds all that is in the sinner (Jer 17:11; 23:24). Sad contrast to his father Josiah, who "did justice, and it was well with him." Nebuchadnezzar from Carchemish marched to Jerusalem, and fettered him as Pharaoh Necho's tributary, in the third (Dan 1) or fourth year of his reign (the diversity being caused by reckoning Jehoahaz' reign as a year, or not), intending to take him to Babylon; bat afterward for the sake of his former ally Josiah, his father, restored him as a vassal. At this time Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, were taken to Babylon. Three years subsequently Jehoiakim rebelled with characteristic perfidy, sacrificing honour and truth in order to spend the tribute on his own costly luxuries (Jer 22:13-17). Nebuchadnezzar, not able in person to chastise him, sent marauding "bands" of Chaldaeans, Syrians, Moabites, and Ammonites (2Ki 24:1-7).
Ammon had seized on Gad's territory, upon Israel's exile, and acted as Nebuchadnezzar's agent to scourge Judah (Jer 49:1-2; Eze 25:3). Jehovah was the primary sender of these scourges (rebellion against Nebuchadnezzar, after promising fealty, was rebellion against God: Jer 27:6-8; Eze 17:16-19), not only for Jehoiakim's sins but for those of his forefather Manasseh, in whose steps he trod, and the "innocent blood which Jehovah would not pardon." Jeremiah (Jer 22:18-19) foretold "concerning Jehoiakim, they shall not lament for him, Ah, my brother! or Ah, my sister!" (his queen, the lamentation of blood relatives for a private individual) nor, "Ah, lord; ah, his glory (the public lamentations of subjects for a king; alas, his majesty), he shall be buried with the burial of an ass, drawn and cast forth beyond the gates of Jerusalem"; again, Jer 36:30, "he shall have none to sit (i.e. firmly established and continuing) upon the throne of David (for his son Jeconiah's reign of three months is counted as nothing, and Zedekiah was not his son but uncle); his dead body shall be cast out in the day to the heat, and in the night to the frost." (See JECONIAH.)
Jehoiakim was probably slain in a battle with Nebuchadnezzar's Chaldean and other "bands," and had no burial; possibly his own oppressed subjects slew him, and "cast out" his body to conciliate his invaders. Nor is this inconsistent with "Jehoiakim slept with his fathers" (2Ki 24:6); it simply expresses his death, not his burial with his royal ancestors (Ps 49:16); "slept with his fathers" and "buried with his fathers" are found distinct (2Ki 15:38; 16:20). He reigned 11 years. Early in his reign (Jer 26:1-20, etc.) Jehoiakim showed his vindictive malice against Jehovah's prophets. Urijah, son of Shemaiah, of Kirjath Jearim, prophesied against Jerusalem and Judah in the name of Jehovah thereupon Jehoiakim sought to kill him; he fled to Egypt, but Jehoiakim sent Elnathan of Achbor, and men with him, who brought Urijah back from Egypt, the Egyptian king allowing his vassal Jehoiakim to do so. Jehoiakim "slew him with the sword, and cast his dead body into the graves of the common people," instead of burial in the cemetery of the prophets (Mt 23:29).
Jehoiakim gained by it only adding sin to sift, as the argument of the elders in Jeremiah's behalf implies, the notorious prostration of the state at the time intimating that heavier vengeance would ensue if Jeremiah too, as was threatened, should be slain. By God's retribution in kind Jehoiakim's own body fared as he had treated Urijah's body. 1 Esdras 1:42 speaks of "his uncleanness and impiety." His intense selfishness and indifference to the people's sufferings appear in his lavish expenditure upon building palaces for himself at the very time the people were overwhelmed with paying heavy tribute to Pharaoh (Jer 22:13-18). His crowning impiety, which had no parallel in Jewish history, was his cutting up, and burning in the fire before him, the written roll of Jeremiah's inspired prophecies (Jeremiah 36). Jeremiah being "shut up," i.e. prevented by fear of the king, sent Baruch to read them to the people assembled out of Judah to the Lord's house on the fasting day.
In the fifth year of Jehoiakim they (the princes) proclaimed a fast to all the people, or (Michaelis) "all the people proclaimed a fast"; in either reading Jehoiakim had no share in appointing it, but chose this season of all seasons to perpetrate such an audacious act. On hearing of the roll, Jehoiakim sent Jehudi his ready tool to fetch it from Elishama the scribe's chamber; for sinners fleeing from God yet, by an involuntary instinct, seek to hear His words against them. Then, as often as Jehudi read three or four columns of the long roll, Jehoiakim cut the parts read consecutively, until all was destroyed. Yet he and his servants "were not afraid," a contrast even to the princes who "were afraid both one and other when they had heard all the words"; a still sadder contrast to his father Josiah whose "heart was tender," and who "rent his clothes" on hearing the words of the law just found (2Ki 22:11,13,19-20).
Even Elnathan, who had been his tool against Urijah, recoiled from this, and interceded with Jehoiakim not to burn the roll; but he would not hear, nay even commanded his minions to apprehend Baruch and Jeremiah: but the Lord hid them (Ps 31:20; 83:3; Isa 26:20). Judicial blindness and reprobation! The roll was rewritten, not one word omitted, and with awful additions (Mt 5:18; Ac 9:5; 5:39; Re 22:19); his body should be exposed to the sun's "heat," even as he had exposed the roll to be burnt by the heat of the fire. Sinners only gain additional punishment by fighting with God's word, which is a sharp sword; they cut themselves, when trying to cut it. Compare the rewriting of the law's two tables (Ex 34:15-16; 31:18; 34:1-23; De 31:9). The two-edged sword of God's Spirit converts the humble and tender as Josiah, draws out the latent hatred of the ungodly as J. (2Co 2:15-16; Heb 4:12-13). Jehoiakim reigned from 609 B.C. to 598 B.C.
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And Pharaoh will call Joseph's name Zaphnath-paaneah; and he will give to him Asenath, daughter of PotiPherah, priest of Ain, for a wife; and Joseph will go forth over the land of Egypt
And he will give to Moses when he ceased to speak to him in mount Sinai, two tables of the testimony, tables of stone written by the finger of God.
And Jehovah will say to Moses, Carve to thyself two tables of stones like as the first: and I wrote upon the tables the words which were upon the first tables which thou didst brake. And be prepared at morning, and come up in the morning to mount Sinai, and stand by me there upon the head of the mount read more. And no man shall come up with thee, and also a man shall not be seen in all the mountain: also the sheep and the cattle shall not feed before that mountain. And he will carve the two tables of stones as the first; and Moses will rise early in the morning, and will go up to the mount Sinai as Jehovah commanded him, and he will take in his hand the two stone tables. And Jehovah will come down in a cloud, and he will stand with him there, and will call upon the name of Jehovah. And Jehovah will pass by before him, and Jehovah will call, Jehovah God merciful and compassionate, deferring anger, and much in kindness and truth, Watching kindness for thousands, taking away iniquity, and transgression and sin, and acquitting, will not cleanse; striking the iniquity of the fathers upon the sons and upon the sons' sons, upon the third and the fourth. And Moses will hasten and bow down to the earth, and will worship And he will say, If now I found grace in thine eyes, my lord, my lord will go now in the midst of us (for it is a people of a hard neck) and forgive our iniquity and our sin, and take possession of us. And he will say, Behold, I make a covenant before all thy people: and I will do wonders which were not created in all the earth, and in all nations; and all the people where thou art among them saw the work of Jehovah: for it is a fearful thing which I do with thee. Watch to thyself what I command thee this day: behold me driving out from before thee the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite. Watch to thyself lest thou shalt make a covenant with those dwelling in the land which thou goest upon it, lest it shall be for a snare in the midst of thee. For their altars thou shalt lay waste, and their pillars thou shalt break, and their images thou shalt cut of For thou shalt not worship another God: for Jehovah, his name is Jealous; he is a jealous God. Lest thou shalt make a covenant to those dwelling in the land and they committed fornication after their gods, and sacrificed to their gods, and call to thee, and thou didst eat from his sacrifice;
Lest thou shalt make a covenant to those dwelling in the land and they committed fornication after their gods, and sacrificed to their gods, and call to thee, and thou didst eat from his sacrifice; And thou didst take from his daughters to thy sons, and they committed fornication after their gods, and they made thy sons commit fornication after their gods.
And thou didst take from his daughters to thy sons, and they committed fornication after their gods, and they made thy sons commit fornication after their gods. Thou shalt make to thee no molten gods. read more. The festival of unleavened thou. shalt watch. Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened, which I commanded thee, for the appointment of the month Abib: for in the month Abib thou earnest forth out of Egypt. All opening the womb is to me: all thy cattle, the male, the firstling of the ox or sheep. And the first-born of the ass thou shalt redeem with a sheep: and if thou shalt not ransom, thou shalt break his neck. Every first-born of thy sons thou. shalt ransom, and he shall not be seen before me empty. Six days thou shalt work, and in the seventh day thou shalt cease: and in ploughing and in harvest thou shalt cease. And the festival of seven thou shalt make to thee, the first fruits of the harvest of wheat, and the festival of collection of the circuit of the year. Three times in the year all thy males shall be seen before the Lord Jehovah, the God of Israel.
Thou shalt not oppress thy neighbor, and thou shalt not rob: the wages of the hireling shall not remain with thee till morning.
Thou shalt not oppress the poor and needy hireling from thy brethren, or from thy stranger which is in thy land in thy gates. In his day thou shalt give his hire, and the sun shall not go down upon it, for he is poor, and he lifted up his soul to it; and he will cry against thee to Jehovah, and it was sin in thee.
And Moses will write this law and will give it to the priests, the sons of Levi, lifting up the ark of the covenant of Jehovah, and to all the old men of Israel.
And Abimelech will dwell in Arumah: and Zebul will drive out Gaal and his brethren from dwelling in Shechem.
And Jotham will lie down with his fathers, and he will be buried with his fathers in the city of David his father: and Ahaz his son will reign in his stead.
And Ahaz will lie down with his fathers, and be buried with his fathers in the city of David: and Hezekiah his son will reign in his stead.
And it will be when the king heard the words of the book of the law, and he will rend his garments.
Go ye, seek Jehovah for me, and for the people, and for all Judah. concerning the words of this book being found: for great the anger of Jehovah burning upon us because that our fathers heard not to the words of this book to do according to all written concerning us.
Because thy heart was tender and thou wilt be humble from before Jehovah in thy hearing what I spake against this place, and against its inhabitants to be for desolation, and for a curse, and thou wilt rend thy garments and weep before me; and I also heard, says Jehovah. For this, behold me gathering thee to thy fathers, and thou wert gathered to thy tomb in peace; and thine eyes shall not look upon all the evil which I bring upon this place. And they will turn back the king word.
And Pharaoh-Necho will bind him in Riblah in the land of Hamath, in reigning in Jerusalem; and he will give a fine upon the land, a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold. And Pharaoh-Necho will make Eliakim son of Josiah, king, instead of Josiah his father, and he will turn his name to Jehoiakim, and he took Jehoahaz: and he will come to Egypt and die there.
In his days came up Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babel, and Jehoiakim will be to him a servant three years: and he will turn back and rebel against him. And Jehovah will send against him troops of Chaldeans and troops of Aram, and troops of Moab, and troops of the sons of Ammon, and he will send them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of Jehovah which he spake by the hand of his servants the prophets. read more. But at the mouth of Jehovah it was upon Judah to turn away from his face through the sins of Manasseh, according to all which he did. And also the innocent blood which he poured forth, (and he will fill Jerusalem with innocent blood) and Jehovah would not pardon. And the rest of the words of Jehoiakim, and all that he did, are they not written upon the book of the words of the days to the kings of Judah? And Jehoiakim will lie down with his fathers, and Jehoiachin his son will reign in his stead.
And Jehoiakim will lie down with his fathers, and Jehoiachin his son will reign in his stead. And the king of Egypt added no more to come forth from his land, for the king of Babel took from the torrent of Egypt, even to the river Phrath, all which was to the king of Eygpt
And the king of Egypt added no more to come forth from his land, for the king of Babel took from the torrent of Egypt, even to the river Phrath, all which was to the king of Eygpt
Against him came up Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel, and he will bind him in fetters to cause him to go to Babel.
And also the vessels of the house of God of gold and of silver, that Nebuchadnezzar brought forth from the temple that is in Jerusalem, and brought them to the temple of Babel, Cyrus the king brought them forth from the temple of Babel, and they were given to Sheshbazzar his name that he set up prefect;
Thou wilt cover them in the covering of thy face from the snares of man: thou wilt conceal them in the booth from the strife of tongues.
Thou shalt not fear when a man shall be enriched, and when the honor of his house shall be increased;
Against thy people they will make crafty consultation, and they will counsel against thy hidden ones.
Go, my people, enter into thy apartments and shut thy doors about thee: hide thee as a little moment till the wrath shall pass by.
The partridge brooded and she brought not forth; to make riches and not in judgment, he shall leave them in the half of his days, and in his latter part he shall be foolish.
Ye shall not weep for the dead, and ye shall not bewail for him: weep ye, weep ye for him going away, for he shall no more turn back and see the land of his nativity. For thus said Jehovah to Shallum son of Josiah, king of Judah, reigning, instead of Josiah his father, who went forth from this place: He shall no more return there: read more. For in the place where they carried him captive, there he shall die, and shall no more see this land. Wo to him building his house not with justice, and his upper chambers not with judgment; by his neighbor he will work gratuitously, and he will give him not for his work;
Wo to him building his house not with justice, and his upper chambers not with judgment; by his neighbor he will work gratuitously, and he will give him not for his work;
Wo to him building his house not with justice, and his upper chambers not with judgment; by his neighbor he will work gratuitously, and he will give him not for his work; Saying, I will build to me a house of extension, and airy upper chambers, and he rent to himself windows; and covered with cedar, and painted with red.
Saying, I will build to me a house of extension, and airy upper chambers, and he rent to himself windows; and covered with cedar, and painted with red.
Saying, I will build to me a house of extension, and airy upper chambers, and he rent to himself windows; and covered with cedar, and painted with red. Shalt thou reign, for thou art kindled with cedar? did not thy father eat and drink and do judgment and justice, then it was well to him?
Shalt thou reign, for thou art kindled with cedar? did not thy father eat and drink and do judgment and justice, then it was well to him?
Shalt thou reign, for thou art kindled with cedar? did not thy father eat and drink and do judgment and justice, then it was well to him? He judged the judgment of the poor and the needy; then it was well: was this not knowing me? says Jehovah.
He judged the judgment of the poor and the needy; then it was well: was this not knowing me? says Jehovah.
He judged the judgment of the poor and the needy; then it was well: was this not knowing me? says Jehovah. For thine eyes and thy heart not but for thy plunder and for guiltless blood to pour out, and for oppression and for running, to do.
For thine eyes and thy heart not but for thy plunder and for guiltless blood to pour out, and for oppression and for running, to do.
For thine eyes and thy heart not but for thy plunder and for guiltless blood to pour out, and for oppression and for running, to do. For this, thus said Jehovah of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah: They shall not lament for him: Alas, my brother! and, Alas, sister! they shall not lament for him, Alas, lord! and, Alas, the majesty!
For this, thus said Jehovah of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah: They shall not lament for him: Alas, my brother! and, Alas, sister! they shall not lament for him, Alas, lord! and, Alas, the majesty! He shall be buried the burial of an ass, dragged and cast from beyond the gate of Jerusalem.
If a man shall hide in secret places and I shall not see him, says Jehovah. Do I not fill the heavens and the earth? says Jehovah.
In the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, was this word from Jehovah, saying, Thus said Jehovah, Stand in the enclosure of the house of Jehovah and speak to all the cities of Judah coming to worship in the house of Jehovah, all the words which I command thee to speak to them; thou shalt not withhold a word. read more. Perhaps they will hear and turn back a man from his evil way, and I lamented for the evil which I purposed to do to them from the face of the evil of their doings. And say to them, Thus said Jehovah, If ye will not hear to me to go in my law which I gave before your face, To hear to the words of my servants the prophets which I sent to you, and rising early and sending, and ye heard not; And I gave this house as Shiloh, and this city I will give for cursing to all the nations of the earth. And the priests and the prophets and all the people will hear Jeremiah speaking these words in the house of Jehovah. And it will be as Jeremiah finished to speak all which Jehovah commanded to speak to all the people, and the priests and the prophets and all the people will seize him, saying, Dying, thou shalt die. Wherefore didst thou prophesy in the name of Jehovah, saying, This house shall be as Shiloh, and this city shall be laid waste from none inhabiting? And all the people will be convoked together to Jeremiah in the house of Jehovah. And the chiefs of Judah will hear these words, and they will come up from the king's house to the house of Jehovah, and they will sit in the opening of the new gate of Jehovah. And the priests and the prophets will say to the chiefs, and to all the people, saying, The judgment of death for this man, for he prophesied against this city, as ye heard with your ears. And Jeremiah will say to all the chiefs and to all the people, saying, Jehovah sent me to prophesy against this house and against this city all the words which ye heard. And now make good your ways and your doings, and hear to the voice of Jehovah your God; and Jehovah will lament for the evil which he spake against you. And I, behold me in your hand do to me as the good and right in your eyes: But knowing, ye shall know that if ye put me to death, that ye give innocent blood upon yourselves and upon this city, and to her inhabitants: for in truth Jehovah sent me to you to speak in your ears all these words. And the chiefs will say, and all the people to the priests and to the prophets: Not for this man the judgment of death, for in the name of Jehovah his God he spake to us. And men will rise up from the old men of the land, and they will say to all the convocation of the people, saying, Micah the Morasthite was prophesying in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah, and he will say to all the people of Judah, saying, Thus said Jehovah of armies: Zion shall be ploughed a field, and Jerusalem shall be ruins, and the mountain of the house for the heights of a forest Putting to death, did Hezekiah king of Judah put him to death, and all Judah? Did he not fear Jehovah, and wait for the face of Jehovah, and Jehovah will lament for the evil which he spake against them? And we are doing great evil against our souls. And also a man was prophesying in the name of Jehovah, Urijah son of Shemaiah, from the city of the forests, and he will prophesy against this city and against this land according to all the words of Jeremiah.
And now I gave all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel, my servant; and also the beasts of the field gave I to him to serve him. And all the nations served him, and his son, and his son's son, even till the time itself also of his land came: and many nations and great kings served upon him. read more. And it was the nation and kingdom which shall not serve him, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel, and which shall not give his neck in the yoke of the king of Babel, with the sword and with famine and with death I will review upon that nation, says Jehovah, even to my finishing them by his hand.
For this, thus said Jehovah concerning Jehoiakim, king of Judah, He sitting upon the throne of David shall not be to him, and his corpse shall be cast out to the heat in the day, and to the cold in the night
To Egypt against the army of Pharaoh-Necho, king of Egypt, that was upon the river Phrath in Carchemish, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel smote in the fourth year to Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah.
To the sons of Ammon, thus said Jehovah: Is there no sons to Israel? none inheriting to him? Wherefore did their king inherit Gad, and his people dwelt in his cities? For this, behold, the days coming, says Jehovah, and I caused to be heard the alarm of war to Rabbah of the sons of Ammon; and it was for a heap of desolation, and her daughters shall be burned with fire; and Israel shall inherit those inheriting him, says Jehovah.
I live, says the Lord Jehovah, if not in the place the king making him king which he despised his oath, and which he broke his covenant with him, in the midst of Babel he shall die. And not with great strength and with a great convocation, shall Pharaoh do for him in the war by throwing up a mound and by building a watchtower to cut off many souls? read more. And he despised the oath to break the covenant, and behold, he gave his hand, and doing all these he shall not escape. For this, thus said the Lord Jehovah: I live, if not mine oath which he despised, and my covenant which he brake, and I gave it upon his head.
And the nations will hear concerning him; in their pit he was taken, and they will bring him with hooks to the land of Egypt
And say to the sons of Ammon, Hear ye, the word of the Lord Jehovah, Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because of thy saying, Aha! to my holy place, when it was profaned, and against the land of Israel, when it was made desolate, and to the house of Judah, when they went into captivity.
And the chief of the eunuchs will set names to them: to David, Belteshazzar; and to Hananiah, Shadrach; and to Mishael, Meshach; and to Azariah, Abed-Nego.
Building Zion with bloods and Jerusalem with iniquity.
Wo! to him plundering an evil plunder to his house, to set his nest on high, to deliver from the hand of evil.
For verily I say to you, Till heaven pass away, and earth, one iota, or one mark, should not pass away from the law, till all should be
Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye build the tombs of the prophets, and deck the monuments of the just,
And if it is of God, ye cannot destroy it; lest ye also be found contenders against God.
And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And the Lord said, I am Jesus, whom thou drivest out: hard for thee to kick against goads.
For we are to God a sweet odor of Christ, in the saved, and in the host: Truly to those an odor of death into death; and to those an odor of life into life. And who sufficient for these things?
For the word of God living, and effective, and more piercing than any two-mouthed sword, and penetrating even to the division both of soul and spirit, both the joints and marrows, and a critic of the reflections and thoughts of the heart. And there is no creation invisible before him: and all things naked and exposed, neck and face to view, to the eyes of him with whom to us is the word.
Behold, the hire of laborers having reaped your farms, withheld by you, cries out, and the cries of the reapers have entered into the ears of the Lord of sabaoth.
And if any take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the book of life, and from the holy city, and from the things written in this book.
Hastings
JEHOIAKIM, whose original name was Eliakim, was placed upon the throne of Judah by Pharaoh-necho, who deposed the more popular Jehoabaz. His reign of eleven years is not well spoken of by Jeremiah. The religious abuses which had been abolished by Josiah seem to have returned with greater strength than ever. At a time when the kingdom was impoverished by war and by the exactions of Egypt, Jehoiakim occupied himself in extravagant schemes of building to be carried out by forced labour (2Ki 23:24 to 2Ki 24:7). Things were so had that in the fourth year of his reign Jeremiah dictated to Baruch a summary of all his earlier discourses, and bade him read it in public as though to indicate that there was no longer any hope. The king showed his contempt for the prophetic word by burning the roll. Active persecution of the prophetic party followed, in which one man at least was put to death. Jeremiah's escape was due to powerful friends at court (Jer 22:13-19; 36:1-26; 26:20-24). It was about the time of the burning of the Book of Jeremiah that the Egyptian supremacy was ended by the decisive battle of Carchemish. The evacuation of Palestine followed, and Jehoiakim was obliged to submit to the Babylonians. His heart, however, was with the Pharaoh, to whom he owed his elevation. After three years he revolted from the Babylonian rule. Nebuchadrezzar thought to bring him into subjection by sending guerilla bands to harry the country, but as this did not succeed, he invaded Judah with an army of regulars. Before he reached Jerusalem, Jehoiakim died, and the surrender which was inevitable, was made by his son. Whether Jeremiah's prediction that the corpse of the king should be denied decent burial was fulfilled is not certain.
H. P. Smith.
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And also the necromancers, and the wizards and the family gods, and the blocks, and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, Josiah took away in order to set up the words of the law written upon the book which Hilkiah the priest found in the house of Jehovah.
And the king of Egypt added no more to come forth from his land, for the king of Babel took from the torrent of Egypt, even to the river Phrath, all which was to the king of Eygpt
Wo to him building his house not with justice, and his upper chambers not with judgment; by his neighbor he will work gratuitously, and he will give him not for his work; Saying, I will build to me a house of extension, and airy upper chambers, and he rent to himself windows; and covered with cedar, and painted with red. read more. Shalt thou reign, for thou art kindled with cedar? did not thy father eat and drink and do judgment and justice, then it was well to him? He judged the judgment of the poor and the needy; then it was well: was this not knowing me? says Jehovah. For thine eyes and thy heart not but for thy plunder and for guiltless blood to pour out, and for oppression and for running, to do. For this, thus said Jehovah of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah: They shall not lament for him: Alas, my brother! and, Alas, sister! they shall not lament for him, Alas, lord! and, Alas, the majesty! He shall be buried the burial of an ass, dragged and cast from beyond the gate of Jerusalem.
And also a man was prophesying in the name of Jehovah, Urijah son of Shemaiah, from the city of the forests, and he will prophesy against this city and against this land according to all the words of Jeremiah. And king Jehoiakim will hear, and all the great ones, and all the chiefs, his words, and the king will seek to kill him: and Urijah will hear and be afraid, and he will flee and go to Egypt read more. And king Jehoiakim will send men to Egypt, Elnathan, son of Achbor, and men with him to Egypt And they will bring forth Urijah from Egypt and bring him to king Jehoiakim; and he will strike him with the sword, and cast his carcass into the graves of the sons of the people. But the hand of Ahikam son of Shaphan was with Jeremiah not to give him into the hand of the people to kill him.
And it will be in the fourth year of Jehoiakim, son of Josiah king of Judah, this word being to Jeremiah from Jehovah, saying, Take to thee a roll of writing, and write in it all the words which I spake to thee against Israel and against Judah, and against all the nations, from the day I spake to thee from the days of Josiah and even to this day. read more. Perhaps the house of Judah will hear all the evil which I purpose to do to them; so that they will turn back each from his evil way; and I pardoned their iniquity and their sin. And Jeremiah will call Baruch the son of Neriah: and Baruch will write from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words of Jehovah which he spake to him upon the roll of the book. And Jeremiah will command Baruch, saying, I being shut up shall not be able to go into the house of Jehovah: And go thou and read in the roll which thou wrotest from my mouth, the words of Jehovah in the ears of the people in the house of Jehovah in the day of fasting: and also in the ears of all Judah coming from their cities thou shalt read them. Perhaps their mercy will fall before the face of Jehovah, and they will turn back each from his evil way: for great the anger and the wrath which Jehovah spake against this people. And Baruch son of Neriah will do according to all which Jeremiah the prophet commanded him, to read in the book the words of Jehovah in the house of Jehovah. And it will be in the fifth year to Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, in the ninth month, they called a fast before Jehovah to all the people in Jerusalem, and all the people coming from the cities of Judah into Jerusalem. And Baruch will read in the book all the words of Jeremiah hi the house of Jehovah in the chamber of Gemariah son of Shaphan the scribe, in the enclosure the highest of the entrance of the new gate of the house of Jehovah, in the ears of all the people. And Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan, will hear all the words of Jehovah from the book And he will go down to the house of the king to the scribe's chamber, and behold, there all the chiefs sitting, Elishama the scribe, and Delaiah son of Shemaiah, and Elnathan son of Achbor, and Gemariah son of Shaphan, and Zedekiah son of Hananiah, and all the chiefs. And Micaiah will announce to them all the words which he heard in the reading of Baruch in the book in the ears of the people. And all the chiefs will send to Baruch, Jehudi, son of Nethaniah, son of Shelemiah, son of Cushi, saying, The roll in which thou readest in the ears of the people, take it in thy hand and come. And Baruch the son of Neriah will take the roll in his hand, and come to them. And they will say to him, Sit down now, and read it in our ears And Baruch will read in their ears. And it will be when they heard all the words, they trembled, a man with his neighbor, and they will say to Baruch, Announcing, we will announce to the king all these words. And they asked Baruch, saying, Announce now to us how thou didst write all these words from his mouth? And Baruch will say to them, From his mouth he will read to me all these words, and I will write upon the book with ink. And the chiefs will say to Baruch, Go hide, thou, and Jeremiah; and a man not knowing where ye are. And they will come in to the king to the enclosure, and they deposited the roll in the chamber of Elishama the scribe, and they will announce all the words in the ears of the king. And the king will send Jehudi to take the roll: and he took it from the chamber of Elishama the scribe. And Jehudi will read in the ears of the king and in the ears of all the chiefs standing from about the king. And the king will sit in the winter house in the ninth month, and a furnace burning before him. And it will be as Jehudi read three columns and four, he will rend it with the knife of the scribe, and cast into the fire which was in the furnace, even till all the roll was consumed upon the fire which was upon the furnace. And they trembled not, and they rent not their garments, the king and all his servants hearing all these words. And also Elnathan and Delaiah and Gemariah supplicated to the king not to burn the roll: and he heard to them not And the king commanded Jerahmeel, son of the king, and Seraiah, son of Azriel, and Shelemiah, son of Abdeel, to take Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet; and Jehovah will hide them..
Morish
Jehoi'akim
Name given by Pharaoh-Necho, to ELIAKIM son of Josiah king of Judah, whom he made king in the room of Jehoahaz his brother. He reigned from B.C. 610 to 599. 2Ki 23:34-36. He was at first tributary to Egypt; but Egypt being defeated by Assyria at Carchemish, B.C. 606, he became tributary to Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar visited Jerusalem, bound Jehoiakim in chains to carry him to Babylon, but apparently altered his plans and left him at Jerusalem as a vassal; or, if he carried him to Babylon, allowed him to return. 2Ch 36:5-8; Da 1:2. After three years Jehoiakim revolted and God sent against him bands of the Chaldees, the Syrians, the Moabites, and the Ammonites to destroy Judah on account of their wickedness. 2Ki 24:1-5.
Jehoiakim was warned many times, but he resented the admonitions, and put Urijah the prophet to death. In the fourth year of his reign, Jeremiah wrote in a book his prophecies against Judah and Israel, which were read in the Lord's house; but when tidings of this reached the king he sent for the book, heard it read, and then cut it in pieces and burnt it. He ordered the arrest of Jeremiah and of Baruch who had written the book; but the Lord hid them. God declared he would punish him, and said, "He shall be buried with the burial of an ass, drawn and cast forth beyond the gates of Jerusalem:" his end is not recorded. Jer 22:18,24; 26:21-23; 36:9-32.
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And Pharaoh-Necho will make Eliakim son of Josiah, king, instead of Josiah his father, and he will turn his name to Jehoiakim, and he took Jehoahaz: and he will come to Egypt and die there. And the silver and the gold Jehoiakim gave to Pharaoh; but he estiated the land to give the silver at the mouth of Pharaoh; a man according to his estimation, he exacted the silver and the gold with the people of the land to give to Pharaoh-Necho. read more. The son of twenty and five years was Jehoiakim in his reigning, and eleven years he reigned in Jerusalem. And his mother's name Zebudah, daughter of Pedaiah of Ramah.
In his days came up Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babel, and Jehoiakim will be to him a servant three years: and he will turn back and rebel against him. And Jehovah will send against him troops of Chaldeans and troops of Aram, and troops of Moab, and troops of the sons of Ammon, and he will send them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of Jehovah which he spake by the hand of his servants the prophets. read more. But at the mouth of Jehovah it was upon Judah to turn away from his face through the sins of Manasseh, according to all which he did. And also the innocent blood which he poured forth, (and he will fill Jerusalem with innocent blood) and Jehovah would not pardon. And the rest of the words of Jehoiakim, and all that he did, are they not written upon the book of the words of the days to the kings of Judah?
The son of twenty and five years was Jehoiakim in his reigning, and eleven years reigned he in Jerusalem: and he will do evil in the eyes of Jehovah his God. Against him came up Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel, and he will bind him in fetters to cause him to go to Babel. read more. And from the vessels of the house of God Nebuchadnezzar brought to Babel, and he will give them into his temple in Babel And the rest of the words of Jehoiakim, and his abominations which he did, and that being found upon him, behold them written upon the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. And Jehoiachin his son will reign in his stead.
For this, thus said Jehovah of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah: They shall not lament for him: Alas, my brother! and, Alas, sister! they shall not lament for him, Alas, lord! and, Alas, the majesty!
I live says Jehovah, for if Coniah son of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, shall be the seal upon my right hand, I will pluck thee off from thence.
And king Jehoiakim will hear, and all the great ones, and all the chiefs, his words, and the king will seek to kill him: and Urijah will hear and be afraid, and he will flee and go to Egypt And king Jehoiakim will send men to Egypt, Elnathan, son of Achbor, and men with him to Egypt read more. And they will bring forth Urijah from Egypt and bring him to king Jehoiakim; and he will strike him with the sword, and cast his carcass into the graves of the sons of the people.
And it will be in the fifth year to Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, in the ninth month, they called a fast before Jehovah to all the people in Jerusalem, and all the people coming from the cities of Judah into Jerusalem. And Baruch will read in the book all the words of Jeremiah hi the house of Jehovah in the chamber of Gemariah son of Shaphan the scribe, in the enclosure the highest of the entrance of the new gate of the house of Jehovah, in the ears of all the people. read more. And Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan, will hear all the words of Jehovah from the book And he will go down to the house of the king to the scribe's chamber, and behold, there all the chiefs sitting, Elishama the scribe, and Delaiah son of Shemaiah, and Elnathan son of Achbor, and Gemariah son of Shaphan, and Zedekiah son of Hananiah, and all the chiefs. And Micaiah will announce to them all the words which he heard in the reading of Baruch in the book in the ears of the people. And all the chiefs will send to Baruch, Jehudi, son of Nethaniah, son of Shelemiah, son of Cushi, saying, The roll in which thou readest in the ears of the people, take it in thy hand and come. And Baruch the son of Neriah will take the roll in his hand, and come to them. And they will say to him, Sit down now, and read it in our ears And Baruch will read in their ears. And it will be when they heard all the words, they trembled, a man with his neighbor, and they will say to Baruch, Announcing, we will announce to the king all these words. And they asked Baruch, saying, Announce now to us how thou didst write all these words from his mouth? And Baruch will say to them, From his mouth he will read to me all these words, and I will write upon the book with ink. And the chiefs will say to Baruch, Go hide, thou, and Jeremiah; and a man not knowing where ye are. And they will come in to the king to the enclosure, and they deposited the roll in the chamber of Elishama the scribe, and they will announce all the words in the ears of the king. And the king will send Jehudi to take the roll: and he took it from the chamber of Elishama the scribe. And Jehudi will read in the ears of the king and in the ears of all the chiefs standing from about the king. And the king will sit in the winter house in the ninth month, and a furnace burning before him. And it will be as Jehudi read three columns and four, he will rend it with the knife of the scribe, and cast into the fire which was in the furnace, even till all the roll was consumed upon the fire which was upon the furnace. And they trembled not, and they rent not their garments, the king and all his servants hearing all these words. And also Elnathan and Delaiah and Gemariah supplicated to the king not to burn the roll: and he heard to them not And the king commanded Jerahmeel, son of the king, and Seraiah, son of Azriel, and Shelemiah, son of Abdeel, to take Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet; and Jehovah will hide them.. And the word of Jehovah will be to Jeremiah after the king burnt the roll, and the words which Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremiah, saying, Turn back, take to thee another roll, and write upon it all the former words which were upon the first roll which Jehoiakim king of Judah, burnt And to Jehoiakim king of Judah thou shalt say, Thus said Jehovah, Thou didst burn this roll, saying, Wherefore didst thou write upon it, saying, Coining, the king of Babel shall come and destroy this land, and cause to cease from it man and cattle? For this, thus said Jehovah concerning Jehoiakim, king of Judah, He sitting upon the throne of David shall not be to him, and his corpse shall be cast out to the heat in the day, and to the cold in the night And I reviewed upon him, and upon his seed, and upon his servants, their iniquity; and I brought upon them and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and upon the men of Judah all the evil which I spake against them, and they heard not. And Jeremiah took another roll, and he will give it to Baruch son of Neriah the scribe; and he will write upon it from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the book which Jehoialtim king of Judah burnt in the fire: and he added. yet to them many words like them.
And Jehovah will give Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, and from the number of vessels of the house of God: and he will bring them to the land of Shinar the house of his god; and he brought the vessels into the treasure-house of his god.
Smith
Jeho-i'akim
(whom Jehovah sets up), called Eliakim, son of Josiah and king of Judah. After deposing Jehoahaz, Pharaoh-necho set Eliakim, his elder brother, upon the throne, and changed his name to Jehoiakim, B.C. 608-597. For four years Jehoiakim was subject toi Egypt, when Nebuchadnezzar, after a short siege, entered Jerusalem, took the king prisoner, bound him in fetters to carry him to Babylon, and took also some of the precious vessels of the temple and carried them to the land of Shinar. Jehoiakim became tributary to Nebuchadnezzar after his invasion of Judah, and continued so for three years, but at the end of that time broke his oath of allegiance and rebelled against him.
Nebuchadnezzar sent against him numerous bands of Chaldeans, with Syrians, Moabites and Ammonites,
and who cruelly harassed the whole country. Either in an engagement with some of these forces or else by the hand of his own oppressed subjects Jehoiakim came to a violent end in the eleventh year of his reign. His body was cast out ignominiously on the ground, and then was dragged away and buried "with the burial of an ass," without pomp or lamentation, "beyond the gates of Jerusalem."
All the accounts we have of Jehoiakim concur in ascribing to him a vicious and irreligious character.
The reign of Jehoiakim extends from B.C. 609 to B.C. 598, or, as some reckon, 599.
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And he will do evil in the eyes of Jehovah according to all which his fathers did.
In his days came up Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babel, and Jehoiakim will be to him a servant three years: and he will turn back and rebel against him.
And the king of Egypt added no more to come forth from his land, for the king of Babel took from the torrent of Egypt, even to the river Phrath, all which was to the king of Eygpt
And he will do evil in the eyes of Jehovah according to all which his father did.
For this, thus said Jehovah of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah: They shall not lament for him: Alas, my brother! and, Alas, sister! they shall not lament for him, Alas, lord! and, Alas, the majesty! He shall be buried the burial of an ass, dragged and cast from beyond the gate of Jerusalem.
For this, thus said Jehovah concerning Jehoiakim, king of Judah, He sitting upon the throne of David shall not be to him, and his corpse shall be cast out to the heat in the day, and to the cold in the night
Watsons
JEHOIAKIM, or ELIAKIM, the brother and successor of Jehoahaz, king of Judah, was advanced to the throne by Pharaoh-Necho, king of Egypt, A.M. 3395, 2Ki 23:34. He reigned eleven years in Jerusalem, and did evil in the sight of the Lord. When Jerusalem was taken by Nebuchadnezzar, this prince was also taken and put to death, and his body thrown into the common sewer, according to the prediction of Jer 22:18-19.
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And Pharaoh-Necho will make Eliakim son of Josiah, king, instead of Josiah his father, and he will turn his name to Jehoiakim, and he took Jehoahaz: and he will come to Egypt and die there.
For this, thus said Jehovah of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah: They shall not lament for him: Alas, my brother! and, Alas, sister! they shall not lament for him, Alas, lord! and, Alas, the majesty! He shall be buried the burial of an ass, dragged and cast from beyond the gate of Jerusalem.