Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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"Ye heard that it was said to the ancients, 'You shall not kill; and whosoever kills shall be in danger of the judgment.' But I say to you that every one who is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the judgment; and whosoever says to his brother Raca shall be in danger of the high-council; and whosoever shall say, O foolish one! shall be in danger of the Hell of fire.
Verily I say to you, it will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city.
And I say to you, that every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account concerning it in the day of judgment;
"And, when the Son of man cometh in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then will He sit on the throne of His glory; and there will be gathered before Him all the nations; and He will separate them one from another, as the shepherd separates the sheep from the goats; read more. and He will set the sheep, indeed, on His right hand, but the goats on the left. "Then will the King say to those on His right hand, 'Come, ye blessed of My Father! inherit the Kingdom prepared for you from the founding of the world: for I hungered, and ye gave Me to eat; I thirsted, and ye gave Me drink; I was a stranger, and ye took Me in; naked, and ye clothed Me; I was sick, and ye looked after Me; I was in prison, and ye came to Me.' "Then will the righteous answer Him, saying, 'Lord, when did we see Thee hungering, and fed Thee? or thirsting, and gave Thee drink? And when did we see Thee a stranger, and took Thee in; or naked, and clothed Thee? And, when did we see Thee sick, or in prison, and came to Thee?' "And, answering, the King will say to them, 'Verily I say to you, inasmuch as ye did it to one of My brethren, even the least, ye did it to Me.' Then will He say also to those on the left hand, 'Depart from Me, ye accursed! into the eternal fire which was prepared for the Devil and his angels; for I hungered, and ye did not give Me to eat; I thirsted, and ye gave Me no drink; I was a stranger, and ye took Me not in; naked, and ye did not clothe Me; sick, and in prison, and ye did not look after Me.' "Then will they also answer, saying, 'Lord, when did we see Thee hungering, or thirsting, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to Thee?' "Then will He answer them, saying, 'Verily I say to you, inasmuch as ye did it not to one of these least, ye did it not to Me!' "And these shall go away into age-lasting punishment, but the righteous into age-lasting life."
Jesus saith to him, "You said it: nevertheless I say to you, henceforth ye shall see the Son of Man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming on the clouds of heaven."
For neither doth the Father judge any one, but all judgment He hath given to the Son;
inasmuch as He appointed a day in which He intendeth to judge the inhabited earth in righteousness, by a Man Whom He appointed, having given assurance to all by raising Him from the dead."
But you??hy do you judge your brother? or you also??hy do you despise your brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment seat of God. For it has been written, "As I live, saith the Lord, to Me every knee shall bow, and every tongue shall confess to God." read more. So, then, each one of us shall give account concerning himself to God.
And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne; and books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life; and the dead were judged out of the things that were written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were in it, and Death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them; and they were judged, every one, according to their works. read more. And Death and Hades were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death, even the lake of fire. And, if anyone was not found written in the book of life, he was cast into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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Another parable He set before them, saying, "The Kingdom of Heaven was likened to a man who sowed good seed in his field; and, while men were sleeping, his enemy came and sowed tares in the midst of the wheat, and went away. read more. And, when the blade sprang up, and produced fruit, then appeared the tares also. And the servants of the house-holder, corning near, said to him, 'Sir, did you not sow good seed in your field? Whence, then, has it tares?' And he said to them, 'An enemy did this.' The servants say to him, 'Do you wish, then, that we, going, should gather them up?' He says, 'No; lest, while ye gather up the tares, ye root up the wheat with them. Suffer both to grow together until the harvest. And, in the season of harvest, I will say to the reapers, Gather up first the tares, and bind them into bundles, with the view of burning them; but gather the wheat into my barn.'"
And, answering, He said, "He that sows the good seed is the Son of Man. The field is the world: and the good seed, these are the sons of the Kingdom; but the tares are the sons of the evil one; read more. and the enemy that sowed them is the Devil; and the harvest is the end of the age; and the reapers are angels. As, therefore, the tares are gathered up, and are burned with fire, so shall it be in the end of the age. The Son of Man will send forth His angels, and they will gather out of the Kingdom all the stumbling-blocks, and those who do iniquity; and they will cast them into the furnace of fire. There will be the weeping, and the gnashing of teeth! Then the righteous will shine forth as the sun in the Kingdom of their Father. He that has ears let him hear.
"Again, the Kingdom of Heaven is like a net, cast into the sea, and gathering of every kind; which, when it was filled having drawn it up again upon the beach, and sitting down, they gathered the good into vessels, but cast away the bad. read more. So will it be at the end of the age. The angels will go forth, and will separate the wicked from the midst of the righteous, and will cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be the weeping, and the gnashing of teeth.
And He will send forth His angels, with the sound of a great trumpet, and they will gather together His elect from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other. "Now from the fig tree learn the parable; When already its branch becomes tender, and the leaves are putting forth, ye know that the summer is near; read more. even so ye, when ye see all these things, know that it is near, at the doors. Verily I say to you, this generation will not pass away, until all these things come to pass. The heaven and the earth will pass away, but My words shall not pass away. But concerning that day and hour, no one knows, not even the angels of Heaven, neither the Son, but the Father only. For as the days of Noe were, so shall be the coming of the Son of Man. For, as in the days before the flood, they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day on which Noe entered into the ark, and they knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so will be the coming of the Son of Man. Then two men will be in the field; one is carried off, and one is left behind; two women will be grinding at the mill, one is carried off, and one is left behind. Watch ye, therefore, because ye know not in what day your Lord is coming. But know this, that, had the householder known at what watch the thief would come, he would have watched, and would not have suffered his house to be broken through. Therefore, be ye also ready; for, in an hour that ye think not, the Son of Man is coming. "Who, then, is the faithful and wise servant whom his lord set over his household, to give them their food in season?
that ye may eat and drink at My table in My Kingdom; and ye shall sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
in the day when God will judge the secrets of men, according to my Gospel, through Jesus Christ,
to the general festal throng, and assembly of the first-born who are enrolled in Heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of righteous ones made perfect;
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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For the Son of Man is about to come in the glory of His Father with His angels, and then will He render to each one according to his work.
"And, immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give her light, and the stars will fall from the heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken;
"And, when the Son of man cometh in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then will He sit on the throne of His glory;
"And, when the Son of man cometh in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then will He sit on the throne of His glory; and there will be gathered before Him all the nations; and He will separate them one from another, as the shepherd separates the sheep from the goats; read more. and He will set the sheep, indeed, on His right hand, but the goats on the left. "Then will the King say to those on His right hand, 'Come, ye blessed of My Father! inherit the Kingdom prepared for you from the founding of the world: for I hungered, and ye gave Me to eat; I thirsted, and ye gave Me drink; I was a stranger, and ye took Me in; naked, and ye clothed Me; I was sick, and ye looked after Me; I was in prison, and ye came to Me.' "Then will the righteous answer Him, saying, 'Lord, when did we see Thee hungering, and fed Thee? or thirsting, and gave Thee drink? And when did we see Thee a stranger, and took Thee in; or naked, and clothed Thee? And, when did we see Thee sick, or in prison, and came to Thee?' "And, answering, the King will say to them, 'Verily I say to you, inasmuch as ye did it to one of My brethren, even the least, ye did it to Me.' Then will He say also to those on the left hand, 'Depart from Me, ye accursed! into the eternal fire which was prepared for the Devil and his angels; for I hungered, and ye did not give Me to eat; I thirsted, and ye gave Me no drink; I was a stranger, and ye took Me not in; naked, and ye did not clothe Me; sick, and in prison, and ye did not look after Me.' "Then will they also answer, saying, 'Lord, when did we see Thee hungering, or thirsting, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to Thee?' "Then will He answer them, saying, 'Verily I say to you, inasmuch as ye did it not to one of these least, ye did it not to Me!' "And these shall go away into age-lasting punishment, but the righteous into age-lasting life."
Marvel not at this; because there is an hour coming, in which all who are in their tombs shall hear His voice, and come forth; those who did good, to the resurrection of life; but those who practiced evil, to the resurrection of judgment.
And they said, "Believe on the Lord Jesus, and you shall be saved, and your house."
But, if we died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with Him;
For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.
for ye died, and your life has been hid with Christ in God.
and to you who suffer tribulation, relief with us, at the revelation of the Lord Jesus from Heaven with the angels of His power, in flaming fire, awarding vengeance to those who know not God, and to those who obey not the Gospel of our Lord Jesus; read more. who, indeed, shall pay a penalty, eternal destruction from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His might,
but the present heavens and the earth, by the same word, have been stored up for fire, being kept unto the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men.
But the day of the Lord will come as a thief, in which the heavens will pass away with a rushing noise, and the elements, being intensely hot, shall be dissolved, and the earth and the works therein shall be burned up.
And now, little children, abide in Him; that, if He shall be manifested, we may have confidence, and not be put away from Him with shame at His coming.
And in those days will men seek death, and shall in no wise find it; and they will desire to die, and death flees from them.
And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne; and books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life; and the dead were judged out of the things that were written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead that were in it, and Death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them; and they were judged, every one, according to their works.