Reference: Jonah
American
One of the minor prophets, was a native of Gath-hepher, in Zebulun, 2Ki 14:25. Being ordered of God to prophesy against Ninevah, probably in or before the reign of Jeroboam 2, which begun 825 B. C., he endeavored to avoid the command by embarking at Joppa for Tarshish, in order to fly as far as possible in the opposite direction. But being overtaken by a storm, he was thrown overboard at his own request, and miraculously preserved by being swallowed by a large fish. See WHALE. Several Greek and Roman legends seem to have been borrowed from this source. After three days, typical of our Savior's stay in the tomb, the fish cast Jonah out upon the shore; the word of the Lord a second time directed him to go to Nineveh, and he obeyed. The allusions of the narrative to the vast extent and population of this city, are confirmed by other ancient accounts and by modern investigations. See NINEVEH. At the warning word of the prophet, the Ninevites repented, and the destruction threatened was postponed; but the feelings of Jonah at seeing his predictions unfulfilled and the enemies of God's people spared, rendered necessary a further exercise of the forbearance of God. See GOURD.
The literal truth of the narrative is established by our Savior's repeated quotations, Mt 12:39-41; 16:4; Lu 11:29-32. It is highly instructive, as showing that the providential government of God extends to all heathen nations, and that his grace has never been confined to his covenant people.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
He, restored the boundary of Israel, from the entering in of Hamath, unto the sea of the waste plain, - according to the word of Yahweh, God of Israel, which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, son of Amittai, the prophet, who was of Gath-hepher.
But, he, answering, said unto them, A wicked and adulterous generation, a sign, doth seek, and, a sign, will not be, given, it, save the sign of Jonah the prophet. For, just as was Jonah in the belly of the sea-monster three days and three nights, so, will be the Son of Man, in the heart of the earth, three days and three nights. read more. Men of Nineveh, will rise up in the judgment, with this generation, and will condemn it, - because they repented into the proclamation of Jonah; and lo! something greater than Jonah, here.
A wicked and adulterous generation, a sign, doth seek after, and, a sign, will not be given it, - save the sign of Jonah. And, leaving them behind, he departed.
And, as the multitudes were thronging together, he began to be saying - This generation, is, a wicked generation: A sign, it is seeking, and, a sign, shall not be given it, save the sign of Jonah. For, according as, Jonah, became, unto the Ninevites, a sign, so, shall be, the Son of Man also, unto this generation. read more. The queen of the south, will rise up, in the judgment, with the men of this generation, and will condemn them; because she came out of the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, - and lo! something more than Solomon, here. Men of Nineveh, will rise up, in the judgment, with this generation, and will condemn it; because they repented into the proclamation of Jonah, - and lo! something more than Jonah, here.
Easton
a dove, the son of Amittai of Gath-hepher. He was a prophet of Israel, and predicted the restoration of the ancient boundaries (2Ki 14:25-27) of the kingdom. He exercised his ministry very early in the reign of Jeroboam II., and thus was contemporary with Hosea and Amos; or possibly he preceded them, and consequently may have been the very oldest of all the prophets whose writings we possess. His personal history is mainly to be gathered from the book which bears his name. It is chiefly interesting from the two-fold character in which he appears, (1) as a missionary to heathen Nineveh, and (2) as a type of the "Son of man."
See Verses Found in Dictionary
He, restored the boundary of Israel, from the entering in of Hamath, unto the sea of the waste plain, - according to the word of Yahweh, God of Israel, which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, son of Amittai, the prophet, who was of Gath-hepher. For Yahweh saw the humiliation of Israel, that it was bitter, indeed, - and that there was no one shut up, nor any one left at large, no one indeed to help Israel. read more. Neither had Yahweh spoken, to wipe out the name of Israel from under the heavens, - so he saved them, by the hand of Jeroboam son of Joash.
Fausets
("dove".) (Ge 8:8-9, seeking rest in vain, fleeing from Noah and the ark; so Jonah). Parentage, date. Son of Amittai of Gath Hepher in Zebulun (2Ki 14:25-27, compare 2Ki 13:4-7). Jeroboam II "restored the coast from the entering of Hamath unto the sea of the plain, according to the word of the Lord God of Israel which He spoke by the hand of His servant Jonah" etc. (See HAMATH.) "For the Lord saw the affliction of Israel, that it was very bitter; for there was not any shut up, nor any left, nor any (i.e., none married or single, else confined or at large, as a) helper for Israel." Israel was at its lowest extremity, i.e early in Joash's reign, when Jehovah (probably by Jonah) promised deliverance from Syria, which was actually given first under Joash, in answer to Jehoahaz' prayer, then completely under Jeroboam II. (See JEHOAHAZ.) Thus, Jonah was among the earliest of the prophets who wrote, and close upon Elisha who died in Joash's reign, having just before death foretold Syria's defeat thrice (2Ki 13:14-21).
Hosea and Amos prophesied in the latter part of the 41 years' reign of Jeroboam II. The events recorded in the book of Jonah were probably late in his life. The book begins with "And," implying that it continues his prophetic work begun before; it was written probably about Hosea's and Amos' time. Hosea (Ho 6:2) saw the prophetical meaning of Jonah's entombment: "after two days will He revive us, in the third day He will raise us up;" primarily Israel, in a short period (Lu 13:32-33) to be revived from its national deadness, antitypically Messiah, raised on the third day (Joh 2:19; 1Co 15:4); as Israel's political resurrection typifies the general resurrection, of which Christ's resurrection is the firstfruits (Isa 26:19; Eze 37:1-14; 1Co 15:22-23; Da 12:2). The mention of Nineveh's being "an exceeding great city" implies it was written before the Assyrian inroads had made them know too well its greatness.
PERSONAL REALITY. The pagan fable of Hercules springing into a sea monster's jaws and being three days in its belly, when saving Hesione (Diodor. Sic. 4:42), is rather a corruption of the story of Jonah than vice versa, if there be any connection. Jerome says, near Joppa lay rocks represented as those to which Andromeda was bound when exposed to the sea monster. The Phoenicians probably carried the story of Jonah to Greece. Our Lord's testimony proves the personal existence, miraculous fate, and prophetical office of Jonah. "The sign of the prophet Jonah, for as Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale's belly, so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights (both eases count the day from, and that to, which the reckoning is) in the heart of the earth" (Mt 12:39-41).
Jonah's being in the fish's belly Christ makes a "sign," i.e. a real miracle typifying the like event in His own history, and assumes the prophet's execution of his commission to Nineveh; "the men of Nineveh repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold a greater than Jonah is here." The miracle is justified by the crisis then in the development of the kingdom of God, when Israel by impenitence was about to fall before Assyria, and God's principle of righteous government needed to be exhibited in sparing Nineveh through the preaching of Jonah, spared himself after living entombment. The great Antitype too needed such a vivid type.
CANONICITY, DESIGN. It seemed strange to Kimchi that this book is in the canon, as its only prophecy concerns Nineveh, a pagan city, and does not mention Israel, of whom all the other prophets prophesy. The strangeness is an argument for the inspiration of the sacred canon; but the solution is, Israel is tacitly reproved. A pagan city repents at a strange prophet's first preaching, whereas Israel, God's elect, repented not, though admonished by their own prophets at all seasons. An anticipatory dawn of the "light to lighten the Gentiles," Jonah was a parable in himself: a prophet of God, yet a runaway from God; drowned, yet alive; a preacher of repentance, yet one that repines at repentance resulting from his preaching. God's pity and patience form a wonderful contrast to man's self will and hard hearted pettiness. His name, meaning "dove," symbolizes mourning love, his feeling toward his people, either given prophetically or assumed by him as a watchword of his feeling. His truthfullness (son of Amirtai, i.e. truth) appears in his so faithfully recording his own perversity and punishment.
His patriotic zeal against his people's adversaries, like that of James and John, was in a wrong spirit (Lu 9:51-56). He felt repugnance to deliver the Lord's warning to Nineveh ("cry against it," Jon 1:2), whose destruction he desired, not their repentance. Jonah was sent when he had been long a prophet, and had been privileged to announce from God the restoration of Israel's coasts. God's goodness had not led them to repent (2Ki 13:6; 14:24). Amos (Am 5:27) had foretold that Israel for apostasy should be carried "captive beyond Damascus," i.e. beyond that enemy from which Jeroboam II had just delivered them, according to the prophecy of Jonah, and that they should be "afflicted from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of the wilderness" (the southern bound of Moab, then forming Israel's boundary), i.e. the very bounds restored by Jeroboam II, for "the river of the arabah" or "wilderness" flowed into the S. end of "the sea of the plain" or Dead Sea (2Ki 14:25; Am 6:14).
Hosea too (Ho 9:3) had foretold their eating unclean things in Assyria. Instinctively Jonah shrank from delivering a message which might eventuate in Nineveh being spared, the city by which Israel was to suffer. Pul or Ivalush III (Rawlinson, Herodotus) was then king. (See ASSYRIA), and by Pal the first weakening of Israel afterward took place. "Jonah sought the honour of the son (Israel), and sought not the honour of the Father" (God) (Kimchi, from rabbinical tradition). Jonah is the only case of a prophet hiding his prophetical message; the reluctance at first was common to many of them (Isa 6:5; Jer 1:6,17; Ex 4:10). His desire was that Nineveh's sudden overthrow, like Sodom's, might produce the effect which his words failed to produce, to rouse Israel from impenitence.
HISTORY. Jonah embarked at Joppa for the far off Tartessus of Spain or Tarshish in Cilicia; compare as to the folly of the attempt Ps 139:7-10; Ge 3:8-10; Jer 23:24. However, "from the presence of the Lord" (Jon 1:3) means not from His universal presence, which Jonah ought to have known is impossible, but from ministering in His immediate presence in the Holy Land. The storm, the strange sleep (of self hardening, weariness, and God forgetfulness; contrast Mr 4:37-39, spiritually with Eph 5:14), the lot casting, and detection of Jonah and casting into and consequent calming of the sea, followed.
TYPICAL SIGNIFICANCE. Jonah reflected' Israel's backsliding and consequent punishment; type of Messiah who bears our imputed guilt and its punishment; compare Ps 42:7; 69:1-2; Joh 11:50. God spares the prayerful penitent: (1) the pagan sailors, (2) Jonah, (3) Nineveh. He sank to the "bottom" of the sea first, and felt "the seaweed wrapped about his head" (Jon 2:5-6), then the God-prepared great fish (the dog fish, Bochart; in any view a miracle is needed, the rest is conjecture). The prophet's experiences adapted him, by sympathy, for fulfilling his office to his hearers. God's infinite resources in mercy, as well as judgment, appear in Jonah's devourer becoming his preserver. Jonah was a type to Nineveh and Israel of death following sin, and of resurrection on repentance; preeminently of Christ's death for sin and resurrection by the Spirit of God (Mt 12:40). Jonah in his thanksgiving notices that his chief punishment consisted in the very thing which his flight had aimed at, being "cast out of God's sight" (Jon 1:3; 2:4,8; Jer 2:13; 17:13).
Hezekiah's hymn is based on it (Isa 38:17; Jon 2:6). Jehovah's next message (more definite and awful than the former) was faithfully delivered by Jonah: "yet 40 days and Nineveh shall be destroyed." Jonah, himself a living exemplification of judgment and mercy, was "a sign (an embodied
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Then heard they the sound of Yahweh God, walking to and fro in the garden at the breeze of the day, - so he hid himself - the man with his wife, from the face of Yahweh God, amid the trees of the garden. And Yahweh God called unto the man, - and said to him, Where art thou? read more. And he said, The sound of thee, heard I in the garden, and I was afraid, for, naked, was I, so I hid myself.
So then Yahweh said unto Cain, - Wherefore hath it angered thee, and wherefore hath thy countenance fallen?
And he sent forth a dove from him, - to see whether the waters had abated, from off the face of the ground; but the dove found no resting-place for the sole of her foot so she returned unto him into the ark, for, waters, were on the face of all the earth; and he put forth his hand and took her, and brought her in unto him, into the ark.
And Moses said unto Yahweh - Pardon, O My Lord! not a man of words, am I, neither heretofore, nor since thou hast spoken unto thy servant, - for heavy of mouth and heavy of tongue, I am.
And your little ones, of whom ye said they should become, a prey, and your sons who to-day know not good and evil, they, shall enter in thither, - and unto them, will I give it, and they, shall possess it.
But, he himself, went into the wilderness a day's journey, and came and sat down under a certain shrub, - and asked for his life, that he might die, and said - Enough, now, O Yahweh! take away my life, for, no better, am, I, than, my fathers.
And Jehoahaz appeased the face of Yahweh, - and Yahweh hearkened unto him, because he had seen the oppression of Israel, for that, the king of Syria, oppressed them. So Yahweh gave unto Israel a saviour, and they went forth from under the hand of Syria, - and the sons of Israel dwelt in their own homes, as aforetime. read more. Howbeit they departed not from the sins of the house of Jeroboam which he caused, Israel, to commit, therein, they walked, - moreover also, the Sacred Stem, still stood in Samaria.
Howbeit they departed not from the sins of the house of Jeroboam which he caused, Israel, to commit, therein, they walked, - moreover also, the Sacred Stem, still stood in Samaria. For he had not left remaining unto Jehoahaz a people, save only fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen, - for the king of Syria had destroyed them, and had made them like dust in threshing.
Now, Elisha, had fallen sick of his sickness whereof he was about to die, - so then Joash king of Israel came down unto him, and wept upon his face, and said, My father! my father! The chariots of Israel and the horsemen thereof! And Elisha said unto him, Take bow and arrows. So he took unto him bow and arrows. read more. Then said he unto the king of Israel, Let thy hand rest upon the bow. So he let his hand rest thereon. Then Elisha put his own hands upon the hands of the king; and said - Open the lattice eastward. And he opened it. Then said Elisha - Shoot! And he shot. Then he said, - The arrow of victory by Yahweh, yea the arrow of victory over Syria, therefore shalt thou smite Syria in Aphek, till it be consumed. And he said - Take the arrows. So he took them. Then said he unto the king of Israel - Smite unto the ground. So he smote three times, and then stayed. Then was the man of God wroth against him, and said - Thou shouldest have smitten five or six times, then, hadst thou smitten Syria, until it had been consumed; But, now, three times, shalt thou smite Syria. And Elisha died, and they buried him, - now, troops of Moabites, used to enter the land, at the coming in of the year; and it came to pass, as, they, were burying a man, that, lo! they saw a troop, so they cast the man into the sepulchre of Elisha, - and, as soon as the man touched the bones of Elisha, he came to life again, and rose up on his feet.
And he did the thing that was wicked in the eyes of Yahweh, - he turned not away from any of the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, which he caused, Israel, to commit. He, restored the boundary of Israel, from the entering in of Hamath, unto the sea of the waste plain, - according to the word of Yahweh, God of Israel, which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, son of Amittai, the prophet, who was of Gath-hepher.
He, restored the boundary of Israel, from the entering in of Hamath, unto the sea of the waste plain, - according to the word of Yahweh, God of Israel, which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, son of Amittai, the prophet, who was of Gath-hepher. For Yahweh saw the humiliation of Israel, that it was bitter, indeed, - and that there was no one shut up, nor any one left at large, no one indeed to help Israel. read more. Neither had Yahweh spoken, to wipe out the name of Israel from under the heavens, - so he saved them, by the hand of Jeroboam son of Joash.
O Yahweh, in thy good-pleasure, hadst thou caused my mountain to stand, strong, - Thou didst hide thy face - I was dismayed!
Roaring deep unto roaring deep, is calling, at the voice of thy cataracts, All thy breakers and thy rolling waves, over me, have passed.
Save me, O God, For waters have entered as far as the life; I have sunk in deep swamp, Where there is no place to stand, I have come into abysses of waters, Where a flood hath overflowed me;
Whither can I go from thy spirit? or whither, from thy face, can I flee? If I ascend the heavens, there, thou art! If I spread out hades as my couch, behold thee! read more. If I mount the wings of the dawn, settle down in the region beyond the sea, Even there, thy hand shall lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me.
Then said I - Woe to me! - for I am undone, Because a man of unclean lips, am, I, And in the midst of a people of unclean lips, do I dwell, - For the King. Yahweh of hosts, have mine eyes seen!
Thy dead, shall come to life again, My dead body, they shall arise, - Awake and shout for joy, ye that dwell in the dust For, a dew of light, is thy dew, And, earth, to the shades shall give birth.
Lo! for well-being, I had bitterness - bitterness, - But, thou, cleaving unto my soul, hast raised me from the pit of corruption, For thou hast cast, behind thy back all my sins.
Then said I - Ah! My Lord Yahweh! Lo! I know not how to speak, - For a child, am I!
Thou, therefore, shalt gird thy loins, and arise, and speak unto them, all that, I, command thee, - be not dismayed because of them, lest I dismay thee before their face.
For two wicked things, have my people committed, - Me, have they forsaken a fountain of living water, To hew out for themselves cisterns broken cisterns, that cannot hold water.
Thou hope of Israel Yahweh, All who forsake thee, shall turn pale, - Yea, all who depart from me, in the ground, shall be written, For they have forsaken a fountain of living water, even Yahweh.
Can any hide himself in secret places that I, shall not see him? Demandeth Yahweh, - The heavens and the earth, do I not fill? Demandeth Yahweh.
The hand of Yahweh I being upon me, he carried me forth in the spirit of Yahweh, and set me down in the midst of a plain, - and the same was full of bones; and he caused me to pass near them. round about on every side, - and lo! they were very many on the face of the plain, and lo! they were very dry. read more. Then said he unto me, Son of man. Can these bones I live. And I said, My Lord, Yahweh, thou knowest! Then said he unto me, Prophesy, over these bones, - and thou shalt say unto them, Ye bones so dry! hear ye the word of Yahweh! Thus saith My Lord Yahweh, Unto these bones, - Lo! I am about to bring into you - spirit, and ye shall live; Yea I will lay upon you - sinews, And bring up over you flesh. And cover over you - skin, And put in you - spirit And ye stall live, Then shall ye know that I, am Yahweh. And when I prophesied as I was commanded, then was there a noise, as I prophesied and lo! a rattling, and the bones came near, each bone unto its own bone. And when I looked, then lo! upon them were sinews, and flesh had come up, and there had spread over them skin above, but spirit, was there none within them. Then said he unto me, Prophesy unto the spirit, Prophesy, Son of man. and thou shalt say unto the spirit. Thus saith My Lord Yahweh- From the four winds, come thou, O spirit, And breathe into these slain That they may live. And when I prophesied as he commanded me, then came into them the spirit, and they lived and stood upon their feet, an exceeding great army. Then said he unto me, Son of man. These bones, are all the house of Israel, - Lo! they are saying. Dried are our bones, and lost is our hope We are quite cut off! Therefore prophesy and thou shalt say unto them Thus saith My Lord Yahweh, Lo I myself am going to open your graves And will cause you to come up out of your graves. O my people, - And will bring you upon the so of Israel. So shall ye know that I, am Yahweh, - When I open your graves. And cause you to come up out of your graves O my people, And I will put my spirit within you and ye shall live, And I will settle you upon your own soil, So shall ye know that I, Yahweh have spoken and have performed. Declareth Yahweh.
and, many of the sleepers in the dusty ground, shall awake, - these, shall be to age-abiding life, but, those, to reproach, and age-abiding abhorrence;
He will bring us to life, after two days, - on the third day, will he raise us up, that we may live before him.
They shall not dwell in the land of Yahweh, but Ephraim shall return to Egypt, and, in Assyria - that which is unclean, shall they eat.
They shall not dwell in the land of Yahweh, but Ephraim shall return to Egypt, and, in Assyria - that which is unclean, shall they eat.
He was not to turn back into the land of Egypt, Howbeit, the Assyrian - he, became his king, for they refused to turn.
Let them come trembling like a small bird out of Egypt, and like a dove out of the land of Assyria, - so will I cause them to dwell by their own houses, Declareth Yahweh.
Therefore will I carry you into exile beyond Damascus, - saith Yahweh, God of hosts, is his name.
Therefore will I carry you into exile beyond Damascus, - saith Yahweh, God of hosts, is his name.
For behold me! raising up against you, O house of Israel, Declareth Yahweh, the God of hosts - a nation! And they shall crush you, from the entering in of Hamath, unto the torrent-bed of the waste plain.
Arise, get thee to Nineveh the great city, and proclaim unto it, - that their wickedness, hath come up, before me. But Jonah arose to flee unto Tarshish, away from the presence of Yahweh, - and went down to Joppa, and found a ship going to Tarshish, so he paid the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go with them to Tarshish,, away from the presence of Yahweh.
But Jonah arose to flee unto Tarshish, away from the presence of Yahweh, - and went down to Joppa, and found a ship going to Tarshish, so he paid the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go with them to Tarshish,, away from the presence of Yahweh.
and said - I cried - out of my distress - unto Yahweh, and he answered me, - Out of the belly of hades, called I, Thou didst hear my voice.
And, I, said, I am driven out from before thine eyes, - Yet will I again have regard unto thy holy temple: The waters, encompassed me, to the peril of my life, The roaring deep, enveloped me, - The sea-weed, was wrapped about my head: read more. To the roots of the mountains, went I down, As for the earth, her bars, were about me, age-abidingly, - Then didst thou bring up - out of the pit - my life, O Yahweh my God.
To the roots of the mountains, went I down, As for the earth, her bars, were about me, age-abidingly, - Then didst thou bring up - out of the pit - my life, O Yahweh my God.
They who take heed to the vanities of falsehood, do, their own lovingkindness, forsake.
Now Yahweh God appointed a gourd, and caused it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shade over his head, to deliver him from his vexation, - and Jonah rejoiced over the gourd, with great rejoicing.
Then said God unto Jonah, Art thou rightly angry over the gourd? And he said, I am rightly angry, unto death.
But, he, answering, said unto them, A wicked and adulterous generation, a sign, doth seek, and, a sign, will not be, given, it, save the sign of Jonah the prophet. For, just as was Jonah in the belly of the sea-monster three days and three nights, so, will be the Son of Man, in the heart of the earth, three days and three nights.
For, just as was Jonah in the belly of the sea-monster three days and three nights, so, will be the Son of Man, in the heart of the earth, three days and three nights. Men of Nineveh, will rise up in the judgment, with this generation, and will condemn it, - because they repented into the proclamation of Jonah; and lo! something greater than Jonah, here.
Men of Nineveh, will rise up in the judgment, with this generation, and will condemn it, - because they repented into the proclamation of Jonah; and lo! something greater than Jonah, here.
Then, saith he unto them: Encompassed with grief, is my soul, unto death: Abide ye here, and be watching with me.
And there ariseth a great tempest of wind, - and, the waves, were dashing over into the boat, so that, already being filled, was the boat. And he was in the stern, on the cushion, sleeping. And they arouse him, and say unto him, Teacher! carest thou not that we perish? read more. And, roused up, he rebuked the wind, and said unto the sea - Hush! be still! and the wind lulled, and it became a great calm.
And it came to pass, when the days for taking him up were on the point of being fulfilled, even he himself, set, his face, to be journeying unto Jerusalem; and he sent messengers before his face, - and, taking their journey, they entered into a village of Samaritans, so as to prepare for him. read more. And they welcomed him not, because, his face, was for journeying unto Jerusalem. And the disciples James and John, seeing it, said - Lord! wilt thou, that we bid fire come down from heaven, and destroy them? But, turning, he rebuked them. And they journeyed into a different village.
For, according as, Jonah, became, unto the Ninevites, a sign, so, shall be, the Son of Man also, unto this generation.
For, according as, Jonah, became, unto the Ninevites, a sign, so, shall be, the Son of Man also, unto this generation.
And he said unto them - Go and tell this fox, Lo! I am casting out demons, and, cures, am I finishing, to-day, and to-morrow, - and, on the third, I am to be made perfect. Nevertheless, I must needs, to-day, and tomorrow, and the following, be journeying on, because it is impossible that a prophet perish, outside Jerusalem.
Jesus answered, and said unto them - Take down this shrine, and, in three days, will I raise it.
nor do ye take into account, that it is profitable for you that, one man, should die for the people, and not, the whole nation, perish.
Wherefore it saith - Up! thou sleeper, and arise from among the dead, and the Christ will shine upon thee.
For, man's anger, worketh not, God's righteousness.
Hastings
JONAH
1. The man Jonah.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
and, from thence, it passed along in front on the east, towards Gath-hepher, towards Eth-kazin, - and goeth out at Rimmon which turneth about towards Neah;
But, he himself, went into the wilderness a day's journey, and came and sat down under a certain shrub, - and asked for his life, that he might die, and said - Enough, now, O Yahweh! take away my life, for, no better, am, I, than, my fathers.
He, restored the boundary of Israel, from the entering in of Hamath, unto the sea of the waste plain, - according to the word of Yahweh, God of Israel, which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, son of Amittai, the prophet, who was of Gath-hepher.
But, as for his sons, and the greatness of the oracle on him, and the foundation of the house of God, lo! there they are written, in the commentary of the Book of Kings, - and Amaziah his son reigned in his stead.
Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon - Hath devoured me Hath vexed me, Hath set me down as an empty vessel, He hath swallowed me like a sea-monster, He hath filled his belly with my dainties, - He hath driven me away! The violence done to me and to my flesh, be upon Babylon! Shall the inhabitress of Zion say, - Yea, my blood, be upon the inhabitant of Chaldea! Shall Jerusalem say. read more. Therefore, Thus, sith Yahweh, Behold me! pleading thy cause, So then I will execute the avenging of thee; And will dry up her sea, And make dry her spring: Thus shall Babylon become - Heaps A habitation of jackals An astonishment, and A hissing, Without inhabitant. Together, like wild lions, shall they roar, - They have growled like lions' whelps. When they are heated, I will spread their banquets, And let them drink that they may become uproarious, So shall they sleep an age-abiding sleep and not wake, - Declareth Yahweh. I will bring them down As fat lambs to slaughter, - As rams with he-goats. How hath Sheshach, been captured! How hath the praise of all the earth linen seized! How hath Babylon become an astonishment among the nations! The sea, hath gone up over Babylon, - With the multitude of its rolling waves, is she covered. Her cities have become, an astonishment, A land parched up, and a waste plain, - A land wherein shall no man dwell, Nor pass through them a son of the earth-born! So will I bring punishment upon Bel in Babylon, And will bring forth what he hath swallowed out of his mouth, And the nations shall stream unto him no more, - Even the wall of Babylon hath fallen!
And the word of Yahweh came unto Jonah son of Amittai, saying:
But Jonah arose to flee unto Tarshish, away from the presence of Yahweh, - and went down to Joppa, and found a ship going to Tarshish, so he paid the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go with them to Tarshish,, away from the presence of Yahweh. But, Yahweh, hurled a great wind against the sea, - and, there arose a mighty tempest in the sea, - and, the ship, thought to be broken in pieces, read more. Then were the mariners, afraid, and made outcry every man unto his own god, and they hurled the wares which were in the ship, into the sea, to lighten it of them, - but, Jonah, had gone down into the hinder parts of the vessel, and had lain down, and fallen into a sound sleep. Then drew near unto him the shipmaster, and said to him, What meanest thou, O sound sleeper? Arise, cry unto thy God, Peradventure God will bethink himself of us, that we perish not. And they said - every one unto his fellow, Come, and let us cast lots, that we may get to know for whose sake this calamity is upon us. So they cast lots, and the lot fell upon Jonah.
And they said - every one unto his fellow, Come, and let us cast lots, that we may get to know for whose sake this calamity is upon us. So they cast lots, and the lot fell upon Jonah. Then said they unto him, Tell us, we pray thee, for whose sake this calamity is upon us? What is thy business? and from whence comest thou? what is thy country? and of what people art thou?
Then said they unto him, Tell us, we pray thee, for whose sake this calamity is upon us? What is thy business? and from whence comest thou? what is thy country? and of what people art thou? And he said unto them, A Hebrew, am I, - and, Yahweh, the God of the heavens, do, I, revere, him who made the sea, and the dry land.
And he said unto them, A Hebrew, am I, - and, Yahweh, the God of the heavens, do, I, revere, him who made the sea, and the dry land. Then did the men revere with great reverence, and said unto him, What is it thou hast done? For the men knew that, away from the presence of Yahweh, he was fleeing, - for he had told them.
Then did the men revere with great reverence, and said unto him, What is it thou hast done? For the men knew that, away from the presence of Yahweh, he was fleeing, - for he had told them. Then said they unto him, What shall we de to thee, that the sea may cease raging over us? For, the sea, was raging more and more.
Then said they unto him, What shall we de to thee, that the sea may cease raging over us? For, the sea, was raging more and more. And he said unto them, Take me up, and hurl me into the sea, that the sea may cease raging over you, - for I do know that, for my sake, is this great tempest upon you.
And he said unto them, Take me up, and hurl me into the sea, that the sea may cease raging over you, - for I do know that, for my sake, is this great tempest upon you. Nevertheless the men, wrought hard, to bring it back unto the land, but could not, - for, the sea, was raging over them more and more.
Nevertheless the men, wrought hard, to bring it back unto the land, but could not, - for, the sea, was raging over them more and more. Then cried they unto Yahweh, and said, Ah now, Yahweh, pray let it not be that we perish for this man's life, neither lay upon us innocent blood, - for, thou, O Yahweh, as thou hast pleased, hast ever done.
Then cried they unto Yahweh, and said, Ah now, Yahweh, pray let it not be that we perish for this man's life, neither lay upon us innocent blood, - for, thou, O Yahweh, as thou hast pleased, hast ever done. So they took up Jonah and hurled him into the sea, - and the sea, left off, her roaring.
So they took up Jonah and hurled him into the sea, - and the sea, left off, her roaring. Then did the men revere Yahweh with a great reverence, - and offered sacrifice to Yahweh, and vowed vows. read more. Now Yahweh had appointed a great fish, to swallow up Jonah, - and Jonah was in the belly of the fish, three days and three nights.
Then prayed Jonah, unto Yahweh, his God, - out of the belly of the fish;
Then prayed Jonah, unto Yahweh, his God, - out of the belly of the fish; and said - I cried - out of my distress - unto Yahweh, and he answered me, - Out of the belly of hades, called I, Thou didst hear my voice.
and said - I cried - out of my distress - unto Yahweh, and he answered me, - Out of the belly of hades, called I, Thou didst hear my voice. For thou hast cast me into the deep, into the heart of the seas, and, a flood, enveloped me, - All thy breakers and thy rolling waves, over me, passed.
For thou hast cast me into the deep, into the heart of the seas, and, a flood, enveloped me, - All thy breakers and thy rolling waves, over me, passed.
For thou hast cast me into the deep, into the heart of the seas, and, a flood, enveloped me, - All thy breakers and thy rolling waves, over me, passed. And, I, said, I am driven out from before thine eyes, - Yet will I again have regard unto thy holy temple:
And, I, said, I am driven out from before thine eyes, - Yet will I again have regard unto thy holy temple:
And, I, said, I am driven out from before thine eyes, - Yet will I again have regard unto thy holy temple: The waters, encompassed me, to the peril of my life, The roaring deep, enveloped me, - The sea-weed, was wrapped about my head:
The waters, encompassed me, to the peril of my life, The roaring deep, enveloped me, - The sea-weed, was wrapped about my head:
The waters, encompassed me, to the peril of my life, The roaring deep, enveloped me, - The sea-weed, was wrapped about my head: To the roots of the mountains, went I down, As for the earth, her bars, were about me, age-abidingly, - Then didst thou bring up - out of the pit - my life, O Yahweh my God.
To the roots of the mountains, went I down, As for the earth, her bars, were about me, age-abidingly, - Then didst thou bring up - out of the pit - my life, O Yahweh my God.
To the roots of the mountains, went I down, As for the earth, her bars, were about me, age-abidingly, - Then didst thou bring up - out of the pit - my life, O Yahweh my God. When my soul, darkened itself over me, Yahweh, I remembered, - and my prayer, came in unto thee, unto thy holy temple.
When my soul, darkened itself over me, Yahweh, I remembered, - and my prayer, came in unto thee, unto thy holy temple. They who take heed to the vanities of falsehood, do, their own lovingkindness, forsake.
They who take heed to the vanities of falsehood, do, their own lovingkindness, forsake. But, I, with the voice of praise, will sacrifice unto thee, What I have vowed, I will pay, - Salvation, belongeth to Yahweh!
But, I, with the voice of praise, will sacrifice unto thee, What I have vowed, I will pay, - Salvation, belongeth to Yahweh! So then Yahweh spake unto the fish, - and it vomited out Jonah, upon the dry land.
Then came the word of Yahweh unto Jonah, the second time, saying: Arise, get thee unto Nineveh, the great city, - and cry against it the cry that I am bidding thee. read more. So Jonah arose, and went his way unto Nineveh, according to the word of Yahweh, - Nineveh, being a city great before God, of three days' journey.
So Jonah arose, and went his way unto Nineveh, according to the word of Yahweh, - Nineveh, being a city great before God, of three days' journey. So Jonah began to enter into the city, one day's journey, - and he cried out and said - Yet forty days, and, Nineveh, is to be overthrown! read more. And the people of Nineveh believed in God, - and proclaimed a fast, and clothed themselves in sackcloth, from the greatest of them, even unto the least of them. And the word reached unto the king of Nineveh, so he arose from his throne, and laid aside his robe from off him, - and covered him with sackcloth, and sat on ashes.
And the word reached unto the king of Nineveh, so he arose from his throne, and laid aside his robe from off him, - and covered him with sackcloth, and sat on ashes. And he caused an outcry to be made - and said - throughout Nineveh, By decree of the king and of his great men, Be it known: - Man and beast, herd and flock, Let them taste, nothing, let them not feed, and, water, let them not drink: read more. Let both man and beast, cover themselves with sackcloth, and let them cry unto God, mightily, - Yea let them turn, every man from his wicked way, and from the violence which is in their hands: Who knoweth whether God himself - may turn and grieve, - and turn away from the glow of his anger, that we perish not? And God saw their doings, that they turned from their wicked way, - and God was grieved over the calamity which he had spoken of executing upon them, and executed it not.
So he prayed unto Yahweh, and said - Ah now! Yahweh! Was not, this, my word, while I was yet upon mine own soil? For this cause, did I hasten to flee unto Tarshish, - because I knew that, thou, art a GOD of favour and compassion, slow to anger, and abundant in lovingkindness, and art grieved over calamity.
Then said Yahweh, Art thou rightly angry? But Jonah, went forth, out of the city, and abode on the east side of the city; and made for himself there, a hut, and sat under it, in the shade, until he should see what would become of the city. read more. Now Yahweh God appointed a gourd, and caused it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shade over his head, to deliver him from his vexation, - and Jonah rejoiced over the gourd, with great rejoicing. But God appointed a worm, at the uprisings of the dawn, the next day, - and it smote the gourd, that it withered. And it came to pass, at the breaking forth of the sun, that God appointed a sultry east wind, and the sun smote upon the head of Jonah, that he became faint, - and asked his life, that he might die, and said, It were better for me, to die, than, to live. Then said God unto Jonah, Art thou rightly angry over the gourd? And he said, I am rightly angry, unto death. Then said Yahweh, Thou, wouldest have spared the gourd, for which thou hadst not toiled, neither hadst thou made it grow, - which, as the off-spring of a night, came up, and, as the offspring of a night, perished; And was not, I, to spare Nineveh, the great city, - wherein are more than twelve times ten thousand human beings, who cannot discern between their right hand and their left, besides much cattle?
And, whosoever shall speak a word against the Son of Man, it shall be forgiven him, - but, whosoever shall speak against the Holy Spirit, it shall not be forgiven him, either in this age, or the coming.
A wicked and adulterous generation, a sign, doth seek after, and, a sign, will not be given it, - save the sign of Jonah. And, leaving them behind, he departed.
And, as the multitudes were thronging together, he began to be saying - This generation, is, a wicked generation: A sign, it is seeking, and, a sign, shall not be given it, save the sign of Jonah.
Morish
Jo'nah
Son of Amittai and the prophet of Gath-hepher (in Galilee: cf. Joh 7:52). His prophecy is in the main the history of himself. It shows that the prophet embodied in himself the testimony of God through Israel to the Gentiles (comp. Mt 24:14), and also the important fact that God regards the contrition and turning from evil of a city or nation. Jonah was directed to go and cry against that great city Nineveh; but instead of obeying, he fled from the presence of the Lord. He himself tells us why he fled
See Verses Found in Dictionary
He, restored the boundary of Israel, from the entering in of Hamath, unto the sea of the waste plain, - according to the word of Yahweh, God of Israel, which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, son of Amittai, the prophet, who was of Gath-hepher.
and, many of the sleepers in the dusty ground, shall awake, - these, shall be to age-abiding life, but, those, to reproach, and age-abiding abhorrence;
So he prayed unto Yahweh, and said - Ah now! Yahweh! Was not, this, my word, while I was yet upon mine own soil? For this cause, did I hasten to flee unto Tarshish, - because I knew that, thou, art a GOD of favour and compassion, slow to anger, and abundant in lovingkindness, and art grieved over calamity.
But, he, answering, said unto them, A wicked and adulterous generation, a sign, doth seek, and, a sign, will not be, given, it, save the sign of Jonah the prophet. For, just as was Jonah in the belly of the sea-monster three days and three nights, so, will be the Son of Man, in the heart of the earth, three days and three nights. read more. Men of Nineveh, will rise up in the judgment, with this generation, and will condemn it, - because they repented into the proclamation of Jonah; and lo! something greater than Jonah, here.
A wicked and adulterous generation, a sign, doth seek after, and, a sign, will not be given it, - save the sign of Jonah. And, leaving them behind, he departed.
And this glad message of the kingdom will be proclaimed in all the inhabited earth, for a witness unto all the nations, - and, then, will have come, the end.
And, as the multitudes were thronging together, he began to be saying - This generation, is, a wicked generation: A sign, it is seeking, and, a sign, shall not be given it, save the sign of Jonah. For, according as, Jonah, became, unto the Ninevites, a sign, so, shall be, the Son of Man also, unto this generation. read more. The queen of the south, will rise up, in the judgment, with the men of this generation, and will condemn them; because she came out of the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, - and lo! something more than Solomon, here. Men of Nineveh, will rise up, in the judgment, with this generation, and will condemn it; because they repented into the proclamation of Jonah, - and lo! something more than Jonah, here.
They answered and said unto him - Surely, thou also, art not, of Galilee? Search and see! That, out of Galilee, a prophet is not to arise.
But, the Jews, seeing, the multitudes, were filled with jealousy, - and began speaking against the things which, by Paul, were being spoken, defaming them.
Smith
Jo'nah
(dove), the fifth of the minor prophets, was the son of Amittai, and a native of Gath-hepher.
He flourished in or before the reign of Jeroboam II., about B.C. 820. Having already, as it seems, prophesied to Israel, he was sent to Nineveh. The time was one of political revival in Israel; but ere long the Assyrians were to be employed by God as a scourge upon them. The prophet shrank from a commission which he felt sure would result,
in the sparing of a hostile city. He attempted therefore to escape to Tarshish. The providence of God, however, watched over him, first in a storm, and then in his being swallowed by a large fish (a sea monster, probably the white shark) for the space of three days and three nights. [On this subject see article WHALE] After his deliverance, Jonah executed his commission; and the king, "believing him to be a minister form the supreme deity of the nation," and having heard of his miraculous deliverance, ordered a general fast, and averted the threatened judgment. But the prophet, not from personal but national feelings, grudged the mercy shown to a heathen nation. He was therefore taught by the significant lesson of the "gourd," whose growth and decay brought the truth at once home to him, that he was sent to testify by deed, as other prophets would afterward testify by word, the capacity of Gentiles for salvation, and the design of God to make them partakers of it. This was "the sign of the prophet Jonas."
See Whale
Lu 11:29-30
But the resurrection of Christ itself was also shadowed forth in the history of the prophet.
The mission of Jonah was highly symbolical. The facts contained a concealed prophecy. The old tradition made the burial-place of Jonah to be Gath-hepher; the modern tradition places it at Nebi-Yunus, opposite Mosul.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
He, restored the boundary of Israel, from the entering in of Hamath, unto the sea of the waste plain, - according to the word of Yahweh, God of Israel, which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, son of Amittai, the prophet, who was of Gath-hepher.
So he prayed unto Yahweh, and said - Ah now! Yahweh! Was not, this, my word, while I was yet upon mine own soil? For this cause, did I hasten to flee unto Tarshish, - because I knew that, thou, art a GOD of favour and compassion, slow to anger, and abundant in lovingkindness, and art grieved over calamity.
But, he, answering, said unto them, A wicked and adulterous generation, a sign, doth seek, and, a sign, will not be, given, it, save the sign of Jonah the prophet.
Men of Nineveh, will rise up in the judgment, with this generation, and will condemn it, - because they repented into the proclamation of Jonah; and lo! something greater than Jonah, here.
A wicked and adulterous generation, a sign, doth seek after, and, a sign, will not be given it, - save the sign of Jonah. And, leaving them behind, he departed.
And, as the multitudes were thronging together, he began to be saying - This generation, is, a wicked generation: A sign, it is seeking, and, a sign, shall not be given it, save the sign of Jonah. For, according as, Jonah, became, unto the Ninevites, a sign, so, shall be, the Son of Man also, unto this generation.
Watsons
JONAH, son of Amittai, the fifth of the minor prophets, was born at Gathhepher, in Galilee. He is generally considered as the most ancient of the prophets, and is supposed to have lived B.C. 840. The book of Jonah is chiefly narrative. He relates that he was commanded by God to go to Ninevah, and preach against the inhabitants of that capital of the Assyrian empire; that, through fear of executing this commission, he set sail for Tarshish; and that, in his voyage thither, a tempest arising, he was cast by the mariners into the sea, and swallowed by a large fish; that, while he was in the belly of this fish, he prayed to God, and was, after three days and three nights, delivered out of it alive; that he then received a second command to go and preach against Nineveh, which he obeyed; that, upon his threatening the destruction of the city within forty days, the king and people proclaimed a fast, and repented of their sins; and that, upon this repentance, God suspended the sentence which he had ordered to be pronounced in his name. Upon their repentance, God deferred the execution of his judgment till the increase of their iniquities made them ripe for destruction, about a hundred and fifty years afterward. The last chapter gives an account of the murmuring of Jonah at this instance of divine mercy, and of the gentle and condescending manner in which it pleased God to reprove the prophet for his unjust complaint. The style of Jonah is simple and perspicuous; and his prayer, in the second chapter, is strongly descriptive of the feelings of a pious mind under a severe trial of faith. Our Saviour mentions Jonah in the Gospel, Mt 12:41; Lu 11:32. See NINEVEH and See GOURD.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Men of Nineveh, will rise up in the judgment, with this generation, and will condemn it, - because they repented into the proclamation of Jonah; and lo! something greater than Jonah, here.
Men of Nineveh, will rise up, in the judgment, with this generation, and will condemn it; because they repented into the proclamation of Jonah, - and lo! something more than Jonah, here.