Reference: Weights And Measures
Fausets
WEIGHTS: mishkol from "shekel" (the weight in commonest use); eben, a "stone", anciently used as a weight; peles, "scales". Of all Jewish weights the shekel was the most accurate, as a half shekel was ordered by God to be paid by every Israelite as a ransom. From the period of the Exodus there were two shekels, one for ordinary business (Ex 38:29; Jos 7:21; 2Ki 7:1; Am 8:5), the other, which was larger, for religious uses (Ex 30:13; Le 5:15; Nu 3:47). The silver in the half-shekel was 1 shilling, 3 1/2 pence; it contained 20 gerahs, literally, beans, a name of a weight, as our grain from grain.
The Attic tetradrachma, or Greek stater, was equivalent to the shekel. The didrachma of the Septuagint at Alexandria was equivalent to the Attic tetradrachma. The shekel was about 220 grains weight. In 2Sa 14:26 "shekel after the king's weight" refers to the perfect standard kept by David. Michaelis makes five to three the proportion of the holy shekel to the commercial shekel; for in Eze 45:12 the maneh contains 60 of the holy shekels; in 1Ki 10:17; 2Ch 9:16, each maneh contained 100 commercial shekels, i.e. 100 to (60 or five to three. After the captivity the holy shekel alone was used. The half shekel (Ex 38:26; Mt 17:24) was the beka (meaning "division"): the "quarter shekel", reba; the "20th of the shekel", gerah.
Hussey calculates the shekel at half ounce avoirdupois, and the maneh half pound, 14 oz.; 60 holy shekels were in the maneh, 3,000 in the silver talent, so 50 maneh in the talent: 660,000 grains, or 94 lbs. 5 oz. The gold talent is made by Smith's Bible Dictionary 100 manehs, double the silver talent (50 manehs); by the Imperial Bible Dictionary identical with it. (See SHEKEL; MONEY; TALENT.) A gold maneh contained 100 shekels of gold. The Hebrew talents of silver and copper were exchangeable in the proportion of about one to 80; 50 shekels of silver are thought equal to a talent of copper. "Talent" means a circle or aggregate sum. One talent of gold corresponded to 24 talents of silver.
MEASURES: Those of length are derived from the human body. The Hebrew used the forearm as the "cubit," but not the "foot." The Egyptian terms hin, 'ephah, and 'ammah (cubit) favor the view that the Hebrew derived their measures from Egypt. The similarity of the Hebrew to the Athenian scales for liquids makes it likely that both came from the one origin, namely, Egypt. Piazzi Smyth observes the sacred cubit of the Jews, 25 inches (to which Sir Isaac Newton's calculation closely approximates), is represented in the great pyramid, 2500 B.C.; in contrast to the ordinary standard cubits, from 18 to 21 inches, the Egyptian one which Israel had to use in Egypt. The 25-inch cubit measure is better than any other in its superior earth-axis commensurability. The inch is the real unit of British linear measure: 25 such inches (increased on the present parliamentary inch by one thousandth) was Israel's sacred cubit; 1.00099 of an English inch makes one pyramid inch; the earlier English inch was still closer to the pyramid inch.
Smyth remarks that no pagan device of idolatry, not even the sun and moon, is pourtrayed in the great pyramid, though there are such hieroglyphics in two older pyramids. He says the British grain measure "quarter" is just one fourth of the coffer in the king's chamber, which is the same capacity as the Saxon chaldron or four quarters. The small passage of the pyramid represents a unit day; the grand gallery, seven unit days or a week. The grand gallery is seven times as high as one of the small and similarly inclined passages equalling 350 inches, i.e. seven times 50 inches. The names Shofo and Noushofo (Cheops and Chephren of Herodotus) are marked in the chambers of construction by the stonemasons at the quarry. The Egyptian dislike to those two kings was not because of forced labour, for other pyramids were built so by native princes, but because they overthrew the idolatrous temples.
The year is marked by the entrance step into the great gallery, 90.5 inches, going 366 times into the circumference of the pyramid. The seven overlappings of the courses of polished stones on the eastern and the western sides of the gallery represent two weeks of months of 26 days each so there are 26 holes in the western ramp; on the other ramp 28, in the antechamber two day holes over and above the 26. Four grooves represent four years, three of them hollow and one full, i.e. three years in which only one day is to be added to the 14 x 26 for the year; the fourth full from W. to E., i.e. two days to be added on leap year, 366 days. The full groove not equal in breadth to the hollow one implies that the true length of the year is not quite 365 1/4 days. Job (Job 38:6) speaks of the earth's "sockets" with imagery from the pyramid, which was built by careful measurement on a prepared platform of rock.
French savants A.D. 1800 described sockets in the leveled rock fitted to receive the four corner stones. The fifth corner stone was the topstone completing the whole; the morning stars singing together at the topstone being put to creation answers to the shoutings, Grace unto it, at the topstone being put to redemption (Job 38:7; Zec 4:7); Eph 2:19, "the chief corner stone in which all the building fitly framed together groweth into an holy tern. pie." The topstone was "disallowed by the builders" as "a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense" to them; for the pyramids previously constructed were terrace topped, not topped with the finished pointed cornerstone.
Pyramid is derived from peram "lofty" (Ewald), from puros "wheat" (P. Smyth). The mean density of the earth (5,672) is introduced into the capacity and weight measures of the pyramid (Isa 40:12). The Egyptians disliked the number five, the characteristic of the great pyramid, which has five sides, five angles, five corner stones, and the five sided coffer. Israel's predilection for it appears in their marching five in a rank (Hebrew for "harnessed"), Ex 13:18; according to Manetho, 250,000, i.e. 5 x 50,000; so the shepherd kings at Avaris are described as 250,000; 50 inches is the grand standard of length in the pyramid, five is the number of books in the Pentateuch, 50 is the number of the Jubilee year, 25 inches (5 x 5) the cubit, an integral fraction of the earth's axis of rotation, 50 the number of Pentecost. (See NUMBER.)
The cow sacrifice of Israel was an "abomination to the Egyptians"; and the divinely taught builders of the great pyramid were probably of the chosen race, in the line of, though preceding, Abraham and closer to Noah, introducers into Egypt of the pure worship of Jehovah (such as Melchizedek held) after its apostasy to idols, maintaining the animal sacrifices originally ordained by God (Ge 3:21; 4:4,7; Heb 11:4), but rejected in Egypt; forerunners of the hyksos or shepherd kings who from the Canaan quarter made themselves masters of Egypt. The enormous mass of unoccupied masonry would have been useless as a tomb, but necessary if the pyramid was designed to preserve an equal temperature for unexceptionable scientific observations; 100 ft. deep inside the pyramid would prevent a variation of heat beyond 01 degree of Fahrenheit, but the king's chamber is 180 ft. deep to compensate for the altering of air currents through the passages.
The Hebrew finger, about seven tenths of an inch, was the smaller measure. The palm or handbreadth was four fingers, three or four inches; illustrates the shortness of time (Ps 39:5). The span, the space between the extended extremities of the thumb and little finger, three palms, about seven and a half inches. The old Mosaic or sacred cubit (the length from the elbow to the end of the middle finger, 25 inches) was a handbreadth longer than the civil cubit of the time of the captivity (from the elbow to the wrist, 21 inches): Eze 40:5; 43:13; 2Ch 3:3, "cubits after the first (according to the earlier) measure." The Mosaic cubit (Thenius in Keil on 1Ki 6:2) was two spans, 20 1/2 Dresden inches, 214,512 Parisian lines long.
Og's bedstead, nine cubits long (De 3:11) "after the cubit of a man," i.e. according to the ordinary cubit (compare Re 21:17) as contrasted with any
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Then the LORD God made coats of skins for Adam and his wife and clothed them.
And Abel, he also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD looked upon Abel and his present,
If thou doest good, it shall certainly be accepted; and if thou doest not good, sin lies at the door. And his desire shall be unto thee, but thou must rule over him.
And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make bread baked under the ashes.
And they journeyed from Bethel, and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath when Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour.
Because when I came from Padanaram, Rachel died unto me in the land of Canaan in the way when yet there was but a little way to come unto Ephrath; and I buried her there in the way of Ephrath, which is Bethlehem.
but God led the people round about through the way of the wilderness of the Red sea. And the sons of Israel went up armed out of the land of Egypt.
This is the thing which the LORD has commanded, Gather of it every man according to his eating, an omer for each one, according to the number of your persons; take ye each one for those who are in his tent.
And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a pot and put an omer full of manna in it and lay it up before the LORD, to be kept for your descendants. As the LORD commanded Moses, so Aaron laid it up before the Testimony, to be kept.
This shall be given by every one that passes among those that are numbered: half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary (a shekel is twenty gerahs); a half shekel shall be the offering to the LORD.
A half per head, that is, half a shekel, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, for every one that went to be numbered, from twenty years old and upward, which were six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty.
And the brass of the offering was seventy talents and two thousand four hundred shekels,
When any person commits a trespass and sins through ignorance, in the holy things of the LORD, then he shall bring for the expiation of his guilt unto the LORD a ram without blemish out of the flocks, in thy estimation of two shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for his guilt;
Speak unto the sons of Israel and say unto them, When ye have entered into the land which I give unto you and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest;
thou shalt take five shekels apiece by the poll, after the shekel of the sanctuary shalt thou take them (the shekel is of twenty gerahs).
And there went forth a wind from the LORD and brought quail from the sea and left them upon the camp, a day's journey on this side and a day's journey on the other side, round about the camp and almost two cubits high upon the face of the earth.
For only Og, king of Bashan, had remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the sons of Ammon? Nine cubits was the length thereof and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man.
When I saw among the spoils a goodly Babylonish garment and two hundred shekels of silver and a wedge of gold of fifty shekels weight, then I coveted them and took them; and, behold, they are hid in the earth in the midst of my tent, and the silver under it.
And when he shaved his head (for it was at every year's end that he shaved it: because the hair was heavy on him, therefore, he shaved it), the hair of his head weighed two hundred shekels after the king's weight.
And the house which King Solomon built for the LORD, was sixty cubits long and twenty cubits wide and thirty cubits high.
There was nothing in the ark except the two tables of stone, which Moses put there at Horeb, when the LORD cut a covenant with the sons of Israel, when they came out of the land of Egypt.
Likewise he made three hundred shields of beaten gold; three pounds of gold went into each shield; and the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon.
And there was a great famine in Samaria as they besieged it until an ass's head was sold for eighty pieces of silver and the fourth part of a cab of dove's dung for five pieces of silver.
Upon what are its foundations founded? Or who laid its corner stone; when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?
Behold, thou hast made my days as a handbreadth, and my age is as nothing before thee; verily every man that lives is altogether vanity. Selah.
Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand and prepared the heavens with his palm and with three fingers measured the dust of the earth and weighed the mountains in a balance and the hills with weights?
And behold a wall on the outside of the house, and the measuring reed which that man had in his hand, was six cubits long, of a cubit and a hand breadth; so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed.
And behold a wall on the outside of the house, and the measuring reed which that man had in his hand, was six cubits long, of a cubit and a hand breadth; so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed.
I saw also the height of the house round about; the foundations of the chambers were a full reed of six great cubits.
And these are the measures of the altar in cubits: The cubit is a cubit and a hand breadth; the middle rim, one cubit, and the breadth a cubit, and the border thereof by the edge thereof round about of a span. This shall be the high bottom of the altar.
The ephah and the bath shall be of one measure, that the bath may contain the tenth part of an homer, and the ephah the tenth part of an homer: the measure thereof shall be after the homer.
The ephah and the bath shall be of one measure, that the bath may contain the tenth part of an homer, and the ephah the tenth part of an homer: the measure thereof shall be after the homer. And the shekel shall be twenty gerahs; twenty shekels, with twenty-five shekels, and fifteen shekels, shall be your maneh.
The ordinance concerning the oil shall be that ye shall offer a bath of oil, which is the tenth part of the cor, which is an homer of ten baths; for ten baths are an homer:
So I bought her for myself for fifteen pieces of silver and an homer and a half of barley:
saying, When the month is over, we will sell the wheat; and after the sabbath day we will open the storehouse of bread, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit;
Who art thou, O great mountain before Zerubbabel? Thou shalt be reduced to a plain; and he shall bring forth the headstone thereof with shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it.
Neither do men light a lamp and put it under a bushel, but on the lampstand, and it gives light unto all that are in the house.
And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him two.
He spoke another parable unto them: The kingdom of the heavens is like unto leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal until the whole was leavened.
And when they were come to Capernaum, those that received the two drachmas came to Peter and said, Does not your master pay the two drachmas?
And when they come from the market, unless they wash, they eat not. And there are many other things which they took upon themselves to hold such as the washing of cups and pots, brasen vessels and of tables.) Then the Pharisees and scribes asked him, Why do thy disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders but eat bread with unwashed hands? read more. He answered and said unto them, Well has Esaias prophesied of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honours me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. Howbeit in vain do they honor me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men. For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men as the washing of pots and cups, and many other such like things ye do.
And he said, A hundred measures of oil. And he said unto him, Take thy bill and sit down quickly and write fifty. Then said he to another, And how much dost thou owe? And he said, A hundred measures of wheat. And he said unto him, Take thy bill and write eighty.
And, behold, two of them went that same day to a village called Emmaus, which was about sixty furlongs from Jerusalem.
And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece.
Now therefore ye are no longer strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints and of the household of God,
By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts, and by it he being dead yet speaks.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four animals, which said, A choenix of wheat for a denarius and three choenix of barley for a denarius; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.
And he measured its wall, a hundred and forty-four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel.
Hastings
Since the most important of all ancient Oriental systems of weights and measures, the Babylonian, seems to have been based on a unit of length (the measures of capacity and weight being scientifically derived there from), it is reasonable to deal with the measures of length before proceeding to measures of capacity and weight. At the same time it seems probable that the measures of length in use in Palestine were based on a more primitive, and (so far as we know) unscientific system, which is to be connected with Egypt. The Babylonian system associated with Gudea (c. b.c. 3000), on statues of whom a scale, indicating a cubit of 30 digits or 19? inches, has been found engraved, was not adopted by the Hebrews.
I. Measures of Length
The Hebrew unit was a cubit /6 of a reed, Eze 40:5), containing 2 spans or 6 palms or 24 finger's breadths. The early system did not recognize the foot or the fathom. Measurements were taken both by the 6-cubit rod or reed and the line or 'fillet' (Eze 40:3; Jer 31:39; 52:21; 1Ki 7:15).
The ancient Hebrew literary authorities for the early Hebrew cubit are as follows. The 'cubit of a man' (De 3:11) was the unit by which the 'bedstead' of Og, king of Bashan, was measured (cf. Re 21:17). This implies that at the time to which the passage belongs (apparently not long before the time of Ezekiel) the Hebrews were familiar with more than one cubit, of which that in question was the ordinary working cubit. Solomon's Temple was laid out on the basis of a cubit 'after the first (or ancient) measure' (2Ch 3:3). Now Ezekiel (Eze 40:5; 43:13) prophesies the building of a Temple on a unit which he describes as a cubit and a band's breadth, i.e. 7/5 of the ordinary cubit. As in his vision he is practically reproducing Solomon's Temple, we may infer that Solomon's cubit, i.e. the ancient cubit, was also /5 of the ordinary cubit of Ezekiel's time. We thus have an ordinary cubit of 6, and what we may call (by analogy with the Egyptian system) the royal cubit of 7 hand's breadths. For this double system is curiously parallel to the Egyptian, in which there was a common cubit of 0.450 m. or 17.72 in., which was /7 of the royal cubit of 0.525 m. or 20.67 in. (these data are derived from actual measuring rods). A similar distinction between a common and a royal norm existed in the Babylonian weight-system. Its object there was probably to give the government an advantage in the case of taxation; probably also in the case of measures of length the excess of the royal over the common measure had a similar object.
We have at present no means of ascertaining the exact dimensions of the Hebrew ordinary and royal cubits. The balance of evidence is certainly in favour of a fairly close approximation to the Egyptian system. The estimates vary from 16 to 25.2 inches. They are based on: (1) the Siloam inscription, which says: 'The waters flowed from the outlet to the Pool 1200 cubits,' or, according to another reading, '1000 cubits.' The length of the canal is estimated at 537.6 m., which yields a cubit of 0.525 to 0.527 m. (20.67 to 20.75 in.) or 0.538 m. (21.18 in.) according to the reading adopted. Further uncertainty is occasioned by the possibility of the number 1200 or 1000 being only a round number. The evidence of the Siloam inscription is thus of a most unsatisfactory kind. (2) The measurements of tombs. Some of these appear to be constructed on the basis of the Egyptian cubit; others seem to yield cubits of 0.575 m. (about 22.6 in.) or 0.641 m. (about 25.2 in.). The last two cubits seem to be improbable. The measurements of another tomb (known as the Tomb of Joshua) seem to confirm the deduction of the cubit of about 0.525 m. (3) The measurement of grains of barley. This has been objected to for more than one reason. But the Rabbinical tradition allowed 144 barley-corns of medium size, laid side by side, to the cubit; and it is remarkable that a recent careful attempt made on these lioes resulted in a cubit of 17.77 in. (0.451 m.), which is the Egyptian common cubit. (4) Recently it has been pointed out that Josephus, when using Jewish measures of capacity, etc., which differ from the Greek or Roman, is usually careful to give an equation explaining the measures to his Greek or Roman readers, while in the case of the cubit he does not do so, but seems to regard the Hebrew and the Roman-Attic as practically the same. The Roman-Attic cubit (1/2 ft.) is fixed at 0.444 m. or 17.57 in., so that we have here a close approximation to the Egyptian common cubit. Probably in Josephus' time the Hebrew common cubit was, as ascertained by the methods mentioned above, 0.450 m.; and the difference between this and the Attic-Roman was regarded by him as negligible for ordinary purposes. (5) The Mishna. No data of any value for the exact determination of the cubit are to be obtained from this source. Four cubits is given as the length of a loculus in a rock-cut tomb; it has been pointed out that, allowing some 2 inches for the bier, and taking 5 ft. 6 in. to 5 ft. 8 in. as the average height of the Jewish body, this gives 4 cubits = 5 ft. 10 in., or 17/2 in. to the cubit. On the cubit in Herod's Temple, see A. R. S. Kennedy in art. Temple (p. 902), and in artt. in Expository Times xx. [1908], p. 24 ff.
The general inference from the above five sources of information is that the Jews had two cubits, a shorter and a longer, corresponding closely to the Egyptian common and royal cubit. The equivalents are expressed in the following table:
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And it came to pass as the camels had finished drinking that the man took a golden pendant of half a shekel weight and two bracelets for her hands of ten shekels weight of gold
And he set three days' journey between himself and Jacob, and Jacob fed the rest of Laban's flocks.
And they journeyed from Bethel, and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath when Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour.
Because when I came from Padanaram, Rachel died unto me in the land of Canaan in the way when yet there was but a little way to come unto Ephrath; and I buried her there in the way of Ephrath, which is Bethlehem.
See that the LORD has given you the sabbath; therefore, he gives you the bread of two days on the sixth day; abide ye every man in his place; let no man go out of his place on the seventh day.
It shall be square and double; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof.
This shall be given by every one that passes among those that are numbered: half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary (a shekel is twenty gerahs); a half shekel shall be the offering to the LORD.
Thou must take unto thee of the principal spices: of excellent myrrh five hundred shekels and of aromatic cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of aromatic calamus two hundred and fifty shekels, and of cassia five hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil olive one hin;
All the gold that was occupied for the work in all the work of the sanctuary, which was gold of offering, was twenty-nine talents and seven hundred and thirty shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary. And the silver of those that were numbered of the congregation was one hundred talents and one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary: read more. A half per head, that is, half a shekel, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, for every one that went to be numbered, from twenty years old and upward, which were six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty.
It was square; they made the pectoral double; a span was the length thereof and a span the breadth thereof, being doubled.
and he shall bring it to Aaron's sons the priests, who shall take out a handful of the flour thereof, with its oil, with all its frankincense; and the priest shall incense it upon the altar, to be an offering on fire, of an aroma very acceptable unto the LORD.
And on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish and three tenth deals of fine flour for a present, mingled with oil, and one log of oil.
and the priest shall take one he lamb and offer him for expiation of the guilt, with the log of oil, and wave them for a waved offering before the LORD.
Just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin shall ye have. I AM your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.
And if a man shall sanctify unto the LORD some part of a field of his possession, then thy estimation shall be according to the seed thereof; one homer of barley seed shall be valued at fifty shekels of silver.
And all thy values shall be according to the shekel of the sanctuary; twenty gerahs shall be the shekel.
Thus they departed from the mount of the LORD three days' journey, and the ark of the covenant of the LORD went before them in the three days' journey, searching out a resting place for them.
And there went forth a wind from the LORD and brought quail from the sea and left them upon the camp, a day's journey on this side and a day's journey on the other side, round about the camp and almost two cubits high upon the face of the earth.
For only Og, king of Bashan, had remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the sons of Ammon? Nine cubits was the length thereof and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man.
But Ehud had made himself a two-edged sword of a cubit length, and he girded it under his clothing upon his right thigh.
And that first slaughter which Jonathan and his armourbearer made was about twenty men within as it were a half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow.
And it was so that when those that bore the ark of the LORD had gone six paces, he sacrificed oxen and fatlings.
And when he shaved his head (for it was at every year's end that he shaved it: because the hair was heavy on him, therefore, he shaved it), the hair of his head weighed two hundred shekels after the king's weight.
And it was a hand breadth thick, and its lip was made like the lip of a cup, with flowers of lilies; it contained two thousand baths.
Likewise he made three hundred shields of beaten gold; three pounds of gold went into each shield; and the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon.
and with the stones he built an altar in the name of the LORD; then he made a trench round about the altar, as great as would contain two measures of seed.
And there was a great famine in Samaria as they besieged it until an ass's head was sold for eighty pieces of silver and the fourth part of a cab of dove's dung for five pieces of silver.
And there was a great famine in Samaria as they besieged it until an ass's head was sold for eighty pieces of silver and the fourth part of a cab of dove's dung for five pieces of silver.
Now these are the measurements on which Solomon founded the building of the house of God. The first measurement was the length of sixty cubits and the breadth of twenty cubits.
For ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah.
For ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah.
For ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah.
And the measuring line shall extend before him upon the hill Gareb and shall compass about to Goath.
And concerning the pillars, the height of one pillar was eighteen cubits; and a fillet of twelve cubits did compass it; and the thickness thereof was four fingers: it was hollow.
And concerning the pillars, the height of one pillar was eighteen cubits; and a fillet of twelve cubits did compass it; and the thickness thereof was four fingers: it was hollow.
And he brought me there, and, behold, there was a man, whose appearance was like the appearance of brass, with a line of flax in his hand, and a measuring reed; and he stood in the gate.
And behold a wall on the outside of the house, and the measuring reed which that man had in his hand, was six cubits long, of a cubit and a hand breadth; so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed.
And behold a wall on the outside of the house, and the measuring reed which that man had in his hand, was six cubits long, of a cubit and a hand breadth; so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed.
And behold a wall on the outside of the house, and the measuring reed which that man had in his hand, was six cubits long, of a cubit and a hand breadth; so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed.
And behold a wall on the outside of the house, and the measuring reed which that man had in his hand, was six cubits long, of a cubit and a hand breadth; so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed.
And within were hooks, a hand broad, fastened round about; and upon the tables was the flesh of the offering.
And these are the measures of the altar in cubits: The cubit is a cubit and a hand breadth; the middle rim, one cubit, and the breadth a cubit, and the border thereof by the edge thereof round about of a span. This shall be the high bottom of the altar.
And these are the measures of the altar in cubits: The cubit is a cubit and a hand breadth; the middle rim, one cubit, and the breadth a cubit, and the border thereof by the edge thereof round about of a span. This shall be the high bottom of the altar.
The ephah and the bath shall be of one measure, that the bath may contain the tenth part of an homer, and the ephah the tenth part of an homer: the measure thereof shall be after the homer.
The ephah and the bath shall be of one measure, that the bath may contain the tenth part of an homer, and the ephah the tenth part of an homer: the measure thereof shall be after the homer. And the shekel shall be twenty gerahs; twenty shekels, with twenty-five shekels, and fifteen shekels, shall be your maneh. read more. This is the offering that ye shall offer; the sixth part of an ephah of an homer of wheat, and ye shall give the sixth part of an ephah of an homer of barley. The ordinance concerning the oil shall be that ye shall offer a bath of oil, which is the tenth part of the cor, which is an homer of ten baths; for ten baths are an homer:
The ordinance concerning the oil shall be that ye shall offer a bath of oil, which is the tenth part of the cor, which is an homer of ten baths; for ten baths are an homer:
So I bought her for myself for fifteen pieces of silver and an homer and a half of barley:
So I bought her for myself for fifteen pieces of silver and an homer and a half of barley:
So I bought her for myself for fifteen pieces of silver and an homer and a half of barley:
And Jonah began to enter into the city a day's journey, and he cried and said, Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be destroyed.
Neither do men light a lamp and put it under a bushel, but on the lampstand, and it gives light unto all that are in the house.
He spoke another parable unto them: The kingdom of the heavens is like unto leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal until the whole was leavened.
And when they come from the market, unless they wash, they eat not. And there are many other things which they took upon themselves to hold such as the washing of cups and pots, brasen vessels and of tables.)
But they, supposing him to have been in the company, went a day's journey, and they sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintances.
Then said he to another, And how much dost thou owe? And he said, A hundred measures of wheat. And he said unto him, Take thy bill and write eighty.
And having called ten of his slaves, he delivered them ten minas and said unto them, Trade until I come.
And, behold, two of them went that same day to a village called Emmaus, which was about sixty furlongs from Jerusalem.
And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece.
Then Mary took a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus and wiped his feet with her hair; and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment.
Then Mary took a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus and wiped his feet with her hair; and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment.
Then Nicodemus came also, who at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about one hundred pounds.
Then they returned unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day's journey.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four animals, which said, A choenix of wheat for a denarius and three choenix of barley for a denarius; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.
And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent; and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail; for the plague thereof was exceeding great.
And he measured its wall, a hundred and forty-four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel.
Morish
In the O.T. money was weighed. The first recorded transaction in scripture is that of Abraham buying the field of Ephron the Hittite for four hundred shekels of silver, which Abraham 'weighed' to Ephron. Ge 23:15-16. The shekel here was a weight. Judas Maccabaeus, about B.C. 141, was the first to coin Jewish money, though there existed doubtless from of old pieces of silver of known value, which passed from hand to hand without being always weighed. Herod the Great coined money with his name on it; and Herod Agrippa had some coins; but after that the coins in Palestine were Roman. The following tables must be taken approximately only: the authorities differ.
WEIGHTS.
The principal weights in use were as follows with their approximate equivalents:
AVOIRDUPOIS.
Pounds ozs. drams.
Gerah (1/20 of a shekel)
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And this is the fashion of which thou shalt make it: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits.
My lord, hearken unto me: the land is worth four hundred shekels of silver; what is that between me and thee? bury therefore thy dead.
My lord, hearken unto me: the land is worth four hundred shekels of silver; what is that between me and thee? bury therefore thy dead. Then Abraham hearkened unto Ephron, and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver, which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant.
Then Abraham hearkened unto Ephron, and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver, which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant.
And it came to pass as the camels had finished drinking that the man took a golden pendant of half a shekel weight and two bracelets for her hands of ten shekels weight of gold
And he bought part of the field where he had spread his tent, from the hand of the sons of Hamor, Shechem's father, for one hundred ewes.
And he bought part of the field where he had spread his tent, from the hand of the sons of Hamor, Shechem's father, for one hundred ewes.
This is the thing which the LORD has commanded, Gather of it every man according to his eating, an omer for each one, according to the number of your persons; take ye each one for those who are in his tent.
It shall be square and double; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof.
Moreover a tenth ephah of flour mingled with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil and the fourth part of a hin of wine with each lamb.
Moreover a tenth ephah of flour mingled with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil and the fourth part of a hin of wine with each lamb.
This shall be given by every one that passes among those that are numbered: half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary (a shekel is twenty gerahs); a half shekel shall be the offering to the LORD.
This shall be given by every one that passes among those that are numbered: half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary (a shekel is twenty gerahs); a half shekel shall be the offering to the LORD.
This shall be given by every one that passes among those that are numbered: half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary (a shekel is twenty gerahs); a half shekel shall be the offering to the LORD.
A half per head, that is, half a shekel, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, for every one that went to be numbered, from twenty years old and upward, which were six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty.
And the brass of the offering was seventy talents and two thousand four hundred shekels,
But if he is not able to bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for his sin; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon, for it is sin.
And on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish and three tenth deals of fine flour for a present, mingled with oil, and one log of oil. And the priest that purifies him shall present the one that is to be made clean with those things, before the LORD at the door of the tabernacle of the testimony; read more. and the priest shall take one he lamb and offer him for expiation of the guilt, with the log of oil, and wave them for a waved offering before the LORD. And he shall slay the lamb in the place where they kill the sin and the burnt offering, in the place of the sanctuary, for that offered as sin is the priest's, together with that offered as guilt; it is most holy. And the priest shall take some of the blood of the expiation for the guilt, and the priest shall put it upon the tip of the right ear of the one that is to be purified and upon the thumb of his right hand and upon the great toe of his right foot. Likewise the priest shall take some of the log of oil, and pour it into the palm of his own left hand; and the priest shall dip his right finger in the oil that is in his left hand and shall sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times before the LORD. And of that which is left of the oil that is in his hand shall the priest put upon the tip of the right ear of the one that is to be purified and upon the thumb of his right hand and upon the great toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the expiation for the guilt; and that which is left of the oil that is in the priest's hand, he shall pour upon the head of the one that is to be purified; and thus shall the priest reconcile him before the LORD. And the priest shall offer the sin and reconcile the one that is to be purified from his uncleanness; and afterward he shall kill the burnt offering. And the priest shall cause the burnt offering and the present to be lifted upon the altar, and thus shall the priest reconcile him, and he shall be clean. But if he is poor, and cannot get so much; then he shall take one lamb for expiation of the guilt to be waved, to reconcile himself, and one tenth deal of fine flour mingled with oil for a present, and a log of oil; and two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, such as he is able to get; and the one shall be as the sin, and the other as a burnt offering. And he shall bring these things on the eighth day of his purification unto the priest, unto the door of the tabernacle of the testimony, before the LORD. And the priest shall take the lamb of the expiation of the guilt, and the log of oil, and the priest shall wave them for a waved offering before the LORD;
And if a man shall sanctify unto the LORD some part of a field of his possession, then thy estimation shall be according to the seed thereof; one homer of barley seed shall be valued at fifty shekels of silver.
And all thy values shall be according to the shekel of the sanctuary; twenty gerahs shall be the shekel.
thou shalt take five shekels apiece by the poll, after the shekel of the sanctuary shalt thou take them (the shekel is of twenty gerahs).
And from a month old shalt thou effect their ransom, a ransom according to thine estimation, for the price of five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, which is twenty gerahs.
When I saw among the spoils a goodly Babylonish garment and two hundred shekels of silver and a wedge of gold of fifty shekels weight, then I coveted them and took them; and, behold, they are hid in the earth in the midst of my tent, and the silver under it.
And the bones of Joseph, which the sons of Israel had brought up out of Egypt, they buried in Shechem in the part of the field which Jacob bought from the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem, for one hundred ewes, and it became the inheritance of the sons of Joseph.
And that first slaughter which Jonathan and his armourbearer made was about twenty men within as it were a half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow.
Then Abigail made haste and took two hundred loaves and two bottles of wine and five sheep ready dressed and five measures of parched flour and one hundred bunches of raisins and two hundred cakes of figs and laid them on asses.
And it was a hand breadth thick, and its lip was made like the lip of a cup, with flowers of lilies; it contained two thousand baths.
And it was a hand breadth thick, and its lip was made like the lip of a cup, with flowers of lilies; it contained two thousand baths.
Likewise he made three hundred shields of beaten gold; three pounds of gold went into each shield; and the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon.
Likewise he made three hundred shields of beaten gold; three pounds of gold went into each shield; and the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon.
And there was a great famine in Samaria as they besieged it until an ass's head was sold for eighty pieces of silver and the fourth part of a cab of dove's dung for five pieces of silver.
And there was a great famine in Samaria as they besieged it until an ass's head was sold for eighty pieces of silver and the fourth part of a cab of dove's dung for five pieces of silver.
and gave for the service of the house of God five thousand talents of gold and ten thousand daily wages and ten thousand talents of silver and eighteen thousand talents of brass and one hundred thousand talents of iron.
And he made three hundred shields of beaten gold; three hundred shekels of gold went to each shield. And the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon.
They gave after their ability unto the treasure of the work sixty-one thousand drams of gold and five thousand pounds of silver and one hundred priests' garments.
unto one hundred talents of silver and to one hundred measures of wheat and to one hundred baths of wine and to one hundred baths of oil, and salt without prescribing how much.
And the princes of the families gave for the treasure of the work twenty thousand drams of gold and two thousand two hundred pounds of silver. And that which the rest of the people gave was twenty thousand drams of gold and two thousand pounds of silver and sixty-seven priests' garments.
Then all his brethren came unto him and all his sisters and all those that had been of his acquaintance before and ate bread with him in his house; and they condoled him and comforted him over all the evil that the LORD had brought upon him; each one also gave him an ewe, and an earring of gold.
For ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah.
And concerning the pillars, the height of one pillar was eighteen cubits; and a fillet of twelve cubits did compass it; and the thickness thereof was four fingers: it was hollow.
And he brought me there, and, behold, there was a man, whose appearance was like the appearance of brass, with a line of flax in his hand, and a measuring reed; and he stood in the gate. And the man said unto me, Son of man, behold with thine eyes and hear with thine ears and set thine heart upon all that I show thee for to the intent that I might show them unto thee art thou brought here: declare all that thou dost see to the house of Israel. read more. And behold a wall on the outside of the house, and the measuring reed which that man had in his hand, was six cubits long, of a cubit and a hand breadth; so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed. Then he came unto the gate which looks toward the east and went up the stairs thereof and measured the post of the gate, which was one reed broad; and the other post of the gate, which was one reed broad. And each chamber was one reed long and one reed broad; and between the chambers were five cubits; and each post of the gate by the porch of the gate within was one reed. He also measured the porch of the gate within, one reed.
I saw also the height of the house round about; the foundations of the chambers were a full reed of six great cubits.
And the shekel shall be twenty gerahs; twenty shekels, with twenty-five shekels, and fifteen shekels, shall be your maneh.
And the shekel shall be twenty gerahs; twenty shekels, with twenty-five shekels, and fifteen shekels, shall be your maneh.
And the shekel shall be twenty gerahs; twenty shekels, with twenty-five shekels, and fifteen shekels, shall be your maneh.
The ordinance concerning the oil shall be that ye shall offer a bath of oil, which is the tenth part of the cor, which is an homer of ten baths; for ten baths are an homer:
So I bought her for myself for fifteen pieces of silver and an homer and a half of barley:
saying, When the month is over, we will sell the wheat; and after the sabbath day we will open the storehouse of bread, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit;
And, behold, they lifted up a talent of lead, and a woman was sitting in the midst of that ephah.
Neither do men light a lamp and put it under a bushel, but on the lampstand, and it gives light unto all that are in the house.
Verily I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out of there, until thou hast paid the uttermost farthing.
And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him two.
Which of you by taking thought can add one cubit unto his stature?
Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? And one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father.
He spoke another parable unto them: The kingdom of the heavens is like unto leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal until the whole was leavened.
And when they were come to Capernaum, those that received the two drachmas came to Peter and said, Does not your master pay the two drachmas?
Notwithstanding, lest we should offend them, go thou to the sea and cast a hook and take up the first fish that comes up; and when thou hast opened his mouth, thou shalt find a stater, a coin worth four drachmas; take that, and give it unto them for me and thee.
And when he had begun to reckon, one was brought unto him who owed him ten thousand talents.
And when he had agreed with the labourers for a denarius a day, he sent them into his vineyard.
But he that had received one went and dug in the earth and hid his lord's money.
and said unto them, What will ye give me, and I will deliver him unto you? And they covenanted with him for thirty pieces of silver.
And when they come from the market, unless they wash, they eat not. And there are many other things which they took upon themselves to hold such as the washing of cups and pots, brasen vessels and of tables.)
For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men as the washing of pots and cups, and many other such like things ye do.
And as there came a certain poor widow, she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.
And which of you with taking thought can add to his stature one cubit?
Or what woman having ten drachmas, if she loses one drachma, does not light a lamp and sweep the house and seek diligently until she finds it?
Or what woman having ten drachmas, if she loses one drachma, does not light a lamp and sweep the house and seek diligently until she finds it? And when she has found it, she calls her friends and her neighbours together, saying, Rejoice with me, for I have found the drachma which I had lost.
And when she has found it, she calls her friends and her neighbours together, saying, Rejoice with me, for I have found the drachma which I had lost.
And he said, A hundred measures of oil. And he said unto him, Take thy bill and sit down quickly and write fifty. Then said he to another, And how much dost thou owe? And he said, A hundred measures of wheat. And he said unto him, Take thy bill and write eighty.
And having called ten of his slaves, he delivered them ten minas and said unto them, Trade until I come. But his citizens hated him and sent an embassy after him, saying, We will not have this man to reign over us. read more. And it came to pass that when he was returned, having received the kingdom, then he commanded these slaves to be called unto him, to whom he had given the money, that he might know how much each one had gained by trading. Then came the first, saying, Lord, thy mina has gained ten minas. And he said unto him, Well done, thou good slave; because thou hast been faithful in a very little, thou shalt have authority over ten cities. And the second came, saying, Lord, thy mina has made five minas. And he said likewise to him, Be thou also over five cities. And another came, saying, Lord, behold, here is thy mina, which I have kept laid up in a napkin, for I feared thee because thou art an austere man: thou takest up that which thou didst not lay down and dost reap that which thou didst not sow. Then he said unto him, Out of thine own mouth I will judge thee, thou wicked slave. Thou knewest that I was an austere man, taking up that which I did not lay down, and reaping that which I did not sow; why then didst thou not give my money into the bank, that at my coming I might have required my own with interest? And he said unto those that stood by, Take from him the mina and give it to him that has the ten minas. (And they said unto him, Lord, he has ten minas.)
And, behold, two of them went that same day to a village called Emmaus, which was about sixty furlongs from Jerusalem.
And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece.
Then Mary took a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus and wiped his feet with her hair; and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment.
Then Nicodemus came also, who at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about one hundred pounds.
And the other disciples came in the little ship (for they were not far from land, but as it were two hundred cubits), dragging the net with the fishes.
Then they returned unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day's journey.
and sounded and found it twenty fathoms; and when they had gone a little further, they sounded again and found it fifteen fathoms.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four animals, which said, A choenix of wheat for a denarius and three choenix of barley for a denarius; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four animals, which said, A choenix of wheat for a denarius and three choenix of barley for a denarius; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.
And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent; and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail; for the plague thereof was exceeding great.
And he measured its wall, a hundred and forty-four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel.
Smith
Weights and Measures.
A. WEIGHTS. --The general principle of the present inquiry is to give the evidence of the monuments the preference on all doubtful points. All ancient Greek systems of weight were derived, either directly or indirectly, from an eastern source. The older systems of ancient Greece and Persia were the AEginetan, the Attic, the Babylonian and the Euboic.
1. The AEginetan talent is stated to have contained 60 minae, 6000 drachme.
2. The Attic talent is the standard weight introduced by Solon.
3. The Babylonian talent may be determined from existing weights found by. Mr. Layard at Nineveh. Pollux makes it equal to 7000 Attic drachms.
4. The Euboic talent though bearing a Greek name, is rightly held to have been originally an eastern system. The proportion of the Euboic talent to the Babylonian was probably as 60 to 72, or 5 to
6. Taking the Babylonian maneh at 7992 grs., we obtain 399,600 for the Euboic talent. The principal if not the only Persian gold coin is the daric, weighing about 129 grs.
5. The Hebrew talent or talents and divisions. A talent of silver is mentioned in Exodus, which contained 3000 shekels, distinguished as "the holy shekel," or "shekel of the sanctuary." The gold talent contained 100 manehs, 10,000 shekels. The silver talent contained 3000 shekels, 6000 bekas, 60,000 gerahs. The significations of the names of the Hebrew weights must be here stated. The chief unit was the SHEKEL (i.e. weight), called also the holy shekel or shekel of the sanctuary; subdivided into the beka (i.e. half) or half-shekel, and the gerah (i.e. a grain or beka). The chief multiple, or higher unit, was the kikkar (i.e. circle or globe, probably for an aggregate sum), translated in our version, after the LXX., TALENT; (i.e. part, portion or number), a word used in Babylonian and in the Greek hena or mina.
See Shekel
See Talent
(1) The relations of these weights, as usually: employed for the standard of weighing silver, and their absolute values, determined from the extant silver coins, and confirmed from other sources, were as follows, in grains exactly and in avoirdupois weight approximately: (2) For gold a different shekel was used, probably of foreign introduction. Its value has been calculated at from 129 to 132 grains. The former value assimilates it to the Persian daric of the Babylonian standard. The talent of this system was just double that of the silver standard; if was divided into 100 manehs, and each maneh into 100 shekels, as follows: (3) There appears to have been a third standard for copper, namely, a shekel four times as heavy as the gold shekel (or 528 grains), 1500 of which made up the copper talent of 792,000 grains. It seems to have been subdivided, in the coinage, into halves (of 264 grains), quarters (of 132 grains) and sixths (of 88 grains). B. MEASURES.--
See Measures
I. MEASURES OF LENGTH. --In the Hebrew, as in every other system, these measures are of two classes: length, in the ordinary sense, for objects whose size we wish to determine, and distance, or itinerary measures, and the two are connected by some definite relation, more or less simple, between their units. The measures of the former class have been universally derived, in the first instance, from the parts of the human body; but it is remarkable that, in the Hebrew system, the only part used for this purpose is the hand and fore-arm, to the exclusion of the foot, which was the chief unit of the western nations. Hence arises the difficulty of determining the ratio of the foot to the CUBIT, (The Hebrew word for the cubit (ammah) appears to have been of Egyptian origin, as some of the measures of capacity (the hin and ephah) certainly were.) which appears as the chief Oriental unit from the very building of Noah's ark.
See Measures
See Cubit
The Hebrew lesser measures were the finger's breadth,
only; the palm or handbreadth,
used metaphorically in
the span, i.e. the full stretch between the tips of the thumb and the little finger.
and figuratively
The data for determining the actual length of the Mosaic cubit involve peculiar difficulties, and absolute certainty seems unattainable. The following, however, seem the most probable conclusions: First, that three cubits were used in the times of the Hebrew monarchy, namely : (1) The cubit of a man,
De 3:11
or the common cubit of Canaan (in contradistinction to the Mosaic cubit) of the Chaldean standard; (2) The old Mosaic or legal cubit, a handbreadth larger than the first, and agreeing with the smaller Egyptian cubit; (3) The new cubit, which was still larger, and agreed with the larger Egyptian cubit, of about 20.8 inches, used in the Nilometer. Second, that the ordinary cubit of the Bible did not come up to the full length of the cubit of other countries. The reed (kaneh), for measuring buildings (like the Roman decempeda), was to 6 cubits. It occurs only in Ezekiel
The values given In the following table are to be accepted with reservation, for want of greater certainty:
2. Of measures of distance the smallest is the pace, and the largest the day's journey. (a) The pace,
whether it be a single, like our pace, or double, like the Latin passus, is defined by nature within certain limits, its usual length being about 30 inches for the former and 5 feet for the latter. There is some reason to suppose that even before the Roman measurement of the roads of Palestine, the Jews had a mile of 1000 paces, alluded to in
It is said to have been single or double, according to the length of the pace; and hence the peculiar force of our Lord's saying: "Whosoever shall compel thee [as a courier] to go a mile, go with him twain" --put the most liberal construction on the demand. (b) The day's journey was the most usual method of calculating distances in travelling,
Ge 30:36; 31:23; Ex 3:18; 5:3; Nu 10:33; 11:31; 33:8; De 1:2; 1Ki 19:4; 2Ki 3:9; Jon 3:3
1 Macc. 5:24; 7:45; Tobit 6:1, though but one instance of it occurs in the New Testament
Lu 2:44
The ordinary day's journey among the Jews was 30 miles; but when they travelled in companies, only ten miles. Neapolis formed the first stage out of Jerusalem according to the former and Beeroth according to the latter computation, (a) The Sabbath day's journey of 2000 cubits,
is peculiar to the New Testament, and arose from a rabbinical restriction. It was founded on a universal, application of the prohibition given by Moses for a special occasion: "Let no man go out of his place on the seventh day."
An exception was allowed for the purpose of worshipping at the tabernacle; and, as 2000 cubits was the prescribed space to be kept between the ark and the people as well as the extent of the suburbs of the Levitical cities on every side,
this was taken for the length of a Sabbath-day's journey measured front the wall of the city in which the traveller lived. Computed from the value given above for the cubit, the Sabbath-day's journey would be just six tenths of a mile. (d) After the captivity the relations of the Jews to the Persians, Greeks and Romans caused the use, probably, of the parasang, and certainly of the stadium and the mile. Though the first is not mentioned in the Bible, if is well to exhibit the ratios of the three. The universal Greek standard, the stadium of 600 Greek feet, which was the length of the race-course at Olympia, occurs first in the Maccabees, and is common in the New Testament. Our version renders it furlong; it being, in fact, the eighth part of the Roman mile, as the furlong is of ours. 2 Macc. 11:5; 12:9,17,29;
Lu 24:13; Joh 6:19; 11:18; Re 14:20; 21:18
One measure remains to be mentioned. The fathom, used in sounding by the Alexandrian mariners in a voyage, is the Greek orguia, i.e. the full stretch of the two arms from tip to tip of the middle finger, which is about equal to the height, and in a man of full stature is six feet. For estimating area, and especially land there is no evidence that the Jews used any special system of square measure
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And this is the fashion of which thou shalt make it: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits. A window shalt thou make to the ark, and in a cubit shalt thou finish it above; and the door of the ark shalt thou set in the side thereof; with lower, second, and third stories shalt thou make it.
Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail, and the mountains were covered.
And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make bread baked under the ashes.
And he set three days' journey between himself and Jacob, and Jacob fed the rest of Laban's flocks.
Then he took his brethren with him and pursued after him seven days' journey; and they overtook him in Mount Gilead.
And they shall hearken to thy voice, and thou shalt come, thou and the elders of Israel, unto the king of Egypt, and ye shall say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews has found us; therefore, we shall now go three days' journey into the wilderness that we may sacrifice to the LORD our God.
And they said, The God of the Hebrews has found us; therefore we shall go three days' journey into the desert and sacrifice unto the LORD our God lest he encounter us with pestilence or with the sword.
See that the LORD has given you the sabbath; therefore, he gives you the bread of two days on the sixth day; abide ye every man in his place; let no man go out of his place on the seventh day.
And thou shalt make unto it a border of a handbreadth round about, and thou shalt make a golden moulding to its border round about.
It shall be square and double; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof.
Moreover a tenth ephah of flour mingled with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil and the fourth part of a hin of wine with each lamb.
and of cassia five hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil olive one hin;
But if he is not able to bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for his sin; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon, for it is sin.
This shall be the offering of Aaron and of his sons, which they shall offer unto the LORD in the day when they shall be anointed: the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a perpetual present, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening.
And on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish and three tenth deals of fine flour for a present, mingled with oil, and one log of oil.
And if a man shall sanctify unto the LORD some part of a field of his possession, then thy estimation shall be according to the seed thereof; one homer of barley seed shall be valued at fifty shekels of silver.
then shall the man bring his wife unto the priest, and he shall bring her offering for her, the tenth part of an ephah of barley meal; he shall pour no oil upon it, nor put frankincense thereon; for it is a present of jealousy, a present of remembrance, which brings iniquity to memory.
Thus they departed from the mount of the LORD three days' journey, and the ark of the covenant of the LORD went before them in the three days' journey, searching out a resting place for them.
And there went forth a wind from the LORD and brought quail from the sea and left them upon the camp, a day's journey on this side and a day's journey on the other side, round about the camp and almost two cubits high upon the face of the earth. Then the people stood up all that day and all that night and all the next day, and they gathered the quail; he that gathered least gathered ten heaps, and they spread them all abroad for themselves round about the camp.
then he that offers his offering unto the LORD shall bring a present of a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of a hin of oil;
and of wine for a drink offering thou shalt offer the third part of a hin, for an acceptable savour unto the LORD. And when thou preparest a bullock for a burnt offering or for a sacrifice, to offer a vow or a sacrifice of peace unto the LORD,
and a tenth part of an ephah of flour, mingled with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil as a present.
And they departed from before Pihahiroth and passed through the midst of the sea into the wilderness and went three days' journey in the wilderness of Etham and pitched in Marah.
And the suburbs of the cities, which ye shall give unto the Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city and outward a thousand cubits round about. Then ye shall measure from outside the city on the east side two thousand cubits, and on the side of the Negev two thousand cubits, and on the west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand cubits; and the city shall be in the midst: this shall be to them the suburbs of the cities.
Then ye shall measure from outside the city on the east side two thousand cubits, and on the side of the Negev two thousand cubits, and on the west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand cubits; and the city shall be in the midst: this shall be to them the suburbs of the cities.
(There are eleven days' journey from Horeb by the way of Mount Seir unto Kadeshbarnea.)
For only Og, king of Bashan, had remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the sons of Ammon? Nine cubits was the length thereof and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man.
And Gideon went in and made ready a kid and unleavened cakes of an ephah of flour; the flesh he put in a basket, and he put the broth in a pot and brought it out unto him under the oak and presented it.
So she gleaned in the field until evening and beat out what she had gleaned, and it was about an ephah of barley.
And it was so that when those that bore the ark of the LORD had gone six paces, he sacrificed oxen and fatlings.
And Solomon's provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour and sixty measures of meal,
And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for food to his household and twenty thousand measures of pure oil; this gave Solomon to Hiram year by year.
And it was a hand breadth thick, and its lip was made like the lip of a cup, with flowers of lilies; it contained two thousand baths.
Then he also made ten lavers of brass; each laver contained forty baths, and each laver measured four cubits; and he set a laver upon each one of the ten bases.
And there was a great famine in Samaria as they besieged it until an ass's head was sold for eighty pieces of silver and the fourth part of a cab of dove's dung for five pieces of silver.
unto one hundred talents of silver and to one hundred measures of wheat and to one hundred baths of wine and to one hundred baths of oil, and salt without prescribing how much.
unto one hundred talents of silver and to one hundred measures of wheat and to one hundred baths of wine and to one hundred baths of oil, and salt without prescribing how much.
Behold, thou hast made my days as a handbreadth, and my age is as nothing before thee; verily every man that lives is altogether vanity. Selah.
For ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah.
For ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah.
Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand and prepared the heavens with his palm and with three fingers measured the dust of the earth and weighed the mountains in a balance and the hills with weights?
And concerning the pillars, the height of one pillar was eighteen cubits; and a fillet of twelve cubits did compass it; and the thickness thereof was four fingers: it was hollow.
Thou shalt also drink water by measure, the sixth part of a hin; from time to time shalt thou drink.
And behold a wall on the outside of the house, and the measuring reed which that man had in his hand, was six cubits long, of a cubit and a hand breadth; so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed. Then he came unto the gate which looks toward the east and went up the stairs thereof and measured the post of the gate, which was one reed broad; and the other post of the gate, which was one reed broad. read more. And each chamber was one reed long and one reed broad; and between the chambers were five cubits; and each post of the gate by the porch of the gate within was one reed. He also measured the porch of the gate within, one reed.
And thus was the gate in the inner court toward the south; and he measured from gate to gate toward the south one hundred cubits.
I saw also the height of the house round about; the foundations of the chambers were a full reed of six great cubits.
I saw also the height of the house round about; the foundations of the chambers were a full reed of six great cubits.
He measured the east side with the measuring reed, five hundred reeds with the measuring reed round about.
He measured the east side with the measuring reed, five hundred reeds with the measuring reed round about. He measured the north side, five hundred reeds with the measuring reed round about.
He measured the north side, five hundred reeds with the measuring reed round about. He measured the south side, five hundred reeds with the measuring reed.
He measured the south side, five hundred reeds with the measuring reed. He turned about to the west side, and measured five hundred reeds with the measuring reed.
He turned about to the west side, and measured five hundred reeds with the measuring reed. He measured it by the four sides: it had a wall round about, five hundred reeds long, and five hundred broad, to make a separation between the sanctuary and the profane place.
And these are the measures of the altar in cubits: The cubit is a cubit and a hand breadth; the middle rim, one cubit, and the breadth a cubit, and the border thereof by the edge thereof round about of a span. This shall be the high bottom of the altar.
The ephah and the bath shall be of one measure, that the bath may contain the tenth part of an homer, and the ephah the tenth part of an homer: the measure thereof shall be after the homer.
This is the offering that ye shall offer; the sixth part of an ephah of an homer of wheat, and ye shall give the sixth part of an ephah of an homer of barley.
This is the offering that ye shall offer; the sixth part of an ephah of an homer of wheat, and ye shall give the sixth part of an ephah of an homer of barley. The ordinance concerning the oil shall be that ye shall offer a bath of oil, which is the tenth part of the cor, which is an homer of ten baths; for ten baths are an homer:
And the present shall be an ephah of fine flour for each ram and the present for each lamb as he shall be able to give, and a hin of oil for each ephah.
And he shall prepare a present of an ephah of fine flour with the calf, and another ephah with each ram, and for the lambs according as his hand shall attain unto, and a hin of oil with each ephah.
And in the feasts and in the solemnities the present shall be an ephah of fine flour with each calf, and another ephah with each ram, and with the lambs as he is able to give, and a hin of oil with each ephah.
And thou shalt prepare a present with it each morning, the sixth part of an ephah of fine flour, and the third part of a hin of oil, to temper with the fine flour; this shall be a present for the LORD continually by a perpetual ordinance.
So I bought her for myself for fifteen pieces of silver and an homer and a half of barley:
Neither do men light a lamp and put it under a bushel, but on the lampstand, and it gives light unto all that are in the house.
And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him two.
He spoke another parable unto them: The kingdom of the heavens is like unto leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal until the whole was leavened.
And he also said unto them, Is the lamp brought to be put under the bushel or under the bed? and not to be set in the lampstand?
And when they come from the market, unless they wash, they eat not. And there are many other things which they took upon themselves to hold such as the washing of cups and pots, brasen vessels and of tables.)
For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men as the washing of pots and cups, and many other such like things ye do.
No one, when he has lighted a lamp, puts it in a secret place, neither under a bushel, but on a lampstand that those who come in may see the light.
It is like leaven which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal until the whole was leavened.
Then said he to another, And how much dost thou owe? And he said, A hundred measures of wheat. And he said unto him, Take thy bill and write eighty.
And, behold, two of them went that same day to a village called Emmaus, which was about sixty furlongs from Jerusalem.
And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece.
And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece.
So when they had rowed about twenty-five or thirty furlongs, they saw Jesus walking upon the sea and drawing nigh unto the ship, and they were afraid.
Then they returned unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day's journey.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four animals, which said, A choenix of wheat for a denarius and three choenix of barley for a denarius; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four animals, which said, A choenix of wheat for a denarius and three choenix of barley for a denarius; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.
And the winepress was trodden outside the city, and blood came out of the winepress, even unto the bits of the horses, for a thousand six hundred furlongs.
And the city lies foursquare, and the length is as large as the breadth; and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs; and the length and the breadth and the height of it are equal.