Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
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from his baptism by John, to the day of his assumption, we should chuse one to be a witness with us of his resurrection.
But Peter standing up with the eleven, and raising his voice, said to them, ye men of Judea, and all ye that dwell at Jerusalem, be this known to you, and observe what I say.
and some young men came and wound him up, then carried him out, and buried him.
the twelve therefore assembled all the disciples, and said, it is not fit that we should leave the word of God, to mind what relates to your meals.
and sent it by the hands of Saul and Barnabas to the presbyters at Jerusalem.
but he made a sign to them with his hand, to be silent: and related to them, how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. go, said he, and acquaint James and the other brethren with this affair. after which he departed and went to another place.
but Elymas (a name which signifies Magus) opposed them, endeavouring to seduce the proconsul from the faith.
but Paul and Barnabas being appriz'd of it, tore their clothes, and throwing themselves among the crowd,
and after they had by prayers and fastings establish'd Pastors for them in every church, they recommended them to the Lord in whom they had believed.
God who knows their hearts has granted them a testimonial, by giving them the holy spirit, even as he did to us:
Then the apostles, the presbyters, and the whole church thought it proper to select some out of their own body to accompany Paul and Barnabas to Antioch: such as Judas surnam'd Barsabas, and Silas, leading men among the brethren,
At Miletus he sent a message to the pastors of the church at Ephesus, to come to him:
be therefore upon your guard to secure your selves, and the whole flock over which the holy spirit has made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which he has purchased with his own blood.
on the morrow we set out, and arriv'd at Cesarea, and went to the house of Philip the evangelist, with whom we lodg'd: he was one of the seven deacons, and had four daughters all virgins, prophetesses.
the next day Paul went with us to James, where all the pastors assembled.
on exhortation: he that giveth, let him be disinterested; he that presideth, let him be diligent; he that sheweth mercy, let him do it with cheerfulness.
I recommend to you Phebe our sister, who is a deaconess of the church at Kenchrea; receive her for Christ's sake,
salute Andronicus and Junias my relations, and fellow-prisoners, who are distinguish'd among the apostles,
what, is there not a man of experience amongst you, capable of being arbitrator between his brethren?
wherefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
or prophesies with her head uncovered, dishonoureth the man who is her head: for it is the same thing as if her head was shav'd.
does not settled custom show it is a shame for a man to have long hair?
which God has placed in the church, first apostles, next prophets, then teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, assistants, governours, interpreters of languages.
which God has placed in the church, first apostles, next prophets, then teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, assistants, governours, interpreters of languages.
Paul an apostle (not from men, nor by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the father who raised him from the dead) and all the brethren,
but other of the apostles saw I none, except James the Lord's brother.
(for he that had wrought powerfully in Peter with respect to his apostleship among the Jews, had also wrought powerfully in me upon account of the Gentiles:) and when James,
being built upon the foundation laid by the apostles and prophets, whereof Jesus Christ himself is the main stone of the angle:
which preceeding was not discover'd to men, as now it is to his holy apostles and prophets by the spirit; to wit,
It is he then that made some, apostles: some, prophets: some, evangelists: and others, pastors, and teachers:
It is he then that made some, apostles: some, prophets: some, evangelists: and others, pastors, and teachers:
the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the christians that are at Philippi, to the bishops, and to the deacons.
We entreat you, brethren, to respect those, who labour in the ministry, who by divine appointment preside over you, and instruct you.
their wives must be likewise grave, free from scandal, sober, and always faithful.
Don't treat a senior with harsh reproof, but exhort him as a father, and the young men, as brethren:
Let the presbyters that govern well receive a double salary, especially those who are employ'd in preaching and instructing.
Let the presbyters that govern well receive a double salary, especially those who are employ'd in preaching and instructing.
I left you in Crete, to regulate what was amiss, and to ordain pastors in every city, as I had appointed you,
for a bishop must be blameless, as the steward of God; not morose, not soon angry, not given to wine, not violent, not desirous of unlawful gain.
Remember those who have the rule over you, who have preach'd to you the word of God: imitate their faith; consider their conduct, and the exit they made.
Confide in your guides, and be respectful: that they who are vigilant, as being accountable for your souls, may discharge themselves with cheerfulness, and not with anxiety, which would be to your prejudice.
Above all things, my brethren, don't swear, neither by the heaven, nor by the earth, nor use any other oath; but let your affirmation, or negation, be sincere, lest you fall under condemnation.
Is any of you sick? let him send for the pastors of the church, to pray for him, and after giving him the unction, in the name of the Lord,
I address myself to you pastors, as being a pastor myself, and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and as one who is to partake of the glory, that shall hereafter be made manifest;
notwithstanding, I have a few things against thee, because thou sufferest that woman Jezabel, who stiles herself a prophetess, and teaches and seduces my servants to commit fornication, and to eat things sacrificed to idols.
the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them the names of the twelve apostles of the lamb.