Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
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One who was with us from the baptism of John, to the day that he was received up from us must become a witness with us of his resurrection.
But Peter, stood up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and said to them: You men of Judea, and all you who dwell at Jerusalem let me explain this to you. Listen to my words.
The young men arose, covered him up, and carried him out, and buried him.
The twelve called the congregation of the disciples to them. They said: It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God and serve tables.
They sent it to the elders through Barnabas and Saul.
Peter motioned for them to be quiet. Then he told them how God brought him out of the prison. He said: Tell James and the brothers. Then he went away to another place.
But Elymas the sorcerer opposed them, seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith.
When the apostles, Barnabas and Paul, heard of it, they ripped their clothes, and ran in among the people.
When they had ordained elders in every congregation they prayed with fasting. They commended them to God, on whom they believed.
God knows their hearts and showed that he accepted them by giving them Holy Spirit just as he did to us.
The apostles and elders along with the whole congregation desired to send chosen men to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, leading men among the brothers.
At Miletus he sent to Ephesus, and called the elders of the congregation to him.
Be on guard for yourselves and the flock that the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Feed the Congregation of God that he purchased with the blood of his own [Son].
The next morning we left for Caesarea where we entered the house of Philip the evangelist and one of the seven. Now this man had four virgin daughters, who prophesied.
The following day Paul went with us to James and the elders.
or he who exhorts; on exhortation; he who gives let him do it with liberality; he who rules, with diligence; he who shows mercy, with cheerfulness.
I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is a minister of the congregation at Cenchrea.
Greet Andronicus and Junia. They are my kinsmen and my fellow prisoners who are well known among the apostles. They were in Christ before me.
I speak to shame you. Is it so, that there is not a wise man among you? Not one who would be able to judge between his brothers?
My dearly beloved, flee (run away) from idolatry.
But every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head. She is the same as if she had her head shaved.
Does not even nature itself teach you, that, if men have long hair, it is a shame?
God has appointed some in the congregation: first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, helpers, abilities to direct, different tongues.
God has appointed some in the congregation: first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, helpers, abilities to direct, different tongues.
He was seen by Peter and then by the twelve apostles.
From Paul, who is an apostle not from men nor through men but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead.
But I saw none of the other apostles except James the Lord's brother.
The one who made Peter an apostle to the Jewish people (who are circumcised) also made me an apostle to the people of the nations (who are not circumcised).
You are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets. Christ Jesus is the chief corner stone.
It was not made known to other generations of the sons of men, as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit.
He gave some to be apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, shepherds and teachers.
He gave some to be apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, shepherds and teachers.
Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus, to all the holy ones in union with Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the overseers and ministerial servants:
We ask you, brothers, to appreciate those who labor among you, and are over you in the Lord, and admonish you.
Women in like manner must be serious, not slanderers, temperate, faithful in all things.
Do not rebuke (censure) (criticize) an elder, but appeal to him as a father, the younger men as brothers.
Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and in teaching.
Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and in teaching.
I left you in Crete for this purpose, that you should correct the things that were defective, and appoint elders in every city, as I gave you orders.
The overseer must be blameless as God's steward. He must not be self-willed, not prone to anger, not a brawler, and not violent (quarrelsome) (pugnacious), not greedy of dishonest gain.
Remember those who are taking the lead among you, men that spoke the Word of God to you. Consider their behavior and imitate their faith.
Obey those who lead you. Submit to them: for they watch in behalf of your lives and must account for this. Obey them that their work may be a joy and not a burden; that would be without gain for you.
Above all things, my brothers do not swear by heaven, or by earth, or by any other oath. Let your Yes be Yes and your No be No. That way you will not fall under judgment.
Is any among you sick? Let him call the elders of the congregation. Let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of God.
I exhort the elders among you. I too am an older man and a witness of the sufferings of Christ. I am also a partaker of the glory that will be revealed.
But I have this against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess, and she teaches and leads my servants astray so that they commit immorality and eat things sacrificed to idols.
The wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.