Reference: Law
Hastings
1. That the 'law was given by Moses' (Joh 1:17) represents the unanimous belief both of the early Christians and of the Chosen Nation. He was their first as well as their greatest law-giver; and in this matter religious tradition is supported by all the historical probabilities of the case. The Exodus and the subsequent wanderings constitute the formative epoch of Israel's career: it was the period of combination and adjustment between the various tribes towards effecting a national unity. Such periods necessitate social experiments, for no society can hold together without some basis of permanent security; no nation could be welded together, least of all a nation in ancient times, without some strong sense of corporate responsibilities and corporate religion. It therefore naturally devolved upon Moses to establish a central authority for the administration of justice, which should be universally accessible and universally recognized. There was only one method by which any such universal recognition could be attained; and that was by placing the legal and judicial system upon the basis of an appeal to that religion, which had already been successful in rousing the twelve tribes to a sense of their unity, and which, moreover, was the one force which could and did effectually prevent the disintegration of the heterogeneous elements of which the nation was composed.
2. We see the beginning and character of these legislative functions in Ex 18:16, where Moses explains how 'the people come unto me to inquire of God: when they have a matter they come unto me; and I judge between a man and his neighbour, and make them know the statutes of God, and his laws (t
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But Jesus answering said to him: Permit it now; for thus it be comes us to perform fully every righteous act. Then he permitted him.
Think not that I have come to make the law or the prophets of no effect. I have not come to make them of no effect, but to give them their full efficiency.
Think not that I have come to make the law or the prophets of no effect. I have not come to make them of no effect, but to give them their full efficiency. For verily I say to you, Till heaven and earth pass away, one yod or one point shall in no way pass from the law till all be fulfilled.
For verily I say to you, Till heaven and earth pass away, one yod or one point shall in no way pass from the law till all be fulfilled.
For verily I say to you, Till heaven and earth pass away, one yod or one point shall in no way pass from the law till all be fulfilled. Whoever, there fore, shall make void one of the least of these commandments, and shall teach men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven. But whoever shall do and teach, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. read more. For I say to you, That, unless your righteousness excel that of the scribes and Pharisees, you can by no means enter into the kingdom of heaven. You have heard that it was said to the ancients: You shall not kill; and whoever shall kill, shall be liable to the sentence of the judges. But I say to you, Whoever is angry with his brother without a cause, shall be liable to the sentence of the judges. And whoever shall say to his brother, Worthless fellow, shall be liable to the sentence of the Sanhedrin. But who ever shall say, Impious wretch, shall be in danger of hell-fire. If, therefore, you bring your gift to the altar, and there remember that your brother has any thing against you, leave your gift there before the altar, and go, first be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift. Come to an agreement with your opponent at law quickly, while you are on the road with him, lest your opponent at law deliver you to the judge, and the judge deliver you to the officer, and you be thrown into prison. Verily, I say to you, You shall by no means come out thence, till you have paid the last farthing. You have heard that it was said: You shall not commit adultery. But I say to you, Whoever looks upon a woman to cherish desire for her, has already committed adultery with her in his heart. If, then, your right eye ensnare you, tear it out, and throw it from you; for it is profitable for you that one of your members should perish, and not that your whole body should be thrown into hell. And if your right hand ensnare you, cut it off, and throw it from you; for it is profit able for you that one of your members should perish, and not that your whole body should be thrown into hell. It has been said: Whoever will put away his wife, let him give her a bill of divorce. But I say to you, Whoever shall put away his wife, unless on account of lewdness, causes her to commit adultery: and whoever marries her that is divorced, commits adultery. Again, you have heard that it was said to the ancients: You shall not swear falsely, but shall pay to the Lord your vows. But I say to you, Swear not at all: neither by heaven, for it is the throne of God; nor by the earth, for it is his footstool; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King: neither shall you swear by your head, for you can not make one hair white or black. But let your word be, Yes, yes; No, no; for whatever is more than these is of the Evil One. You have heard that it was said: An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. But I say to you, Resist not the injurious. But whoever will smite you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also. And to him that will go to law with you, and take away your coat, give your mantle also. And whoever will compel you to go one mile, go with him two. Give to him that asks of you; and from him that would borrow of you, turn not away. You have heard that it was said: You shall love your neighbor, and hate your enemy. But I say to you, Love your enemies: bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who insult you and persecute you: that you may be the sons of your Father who is in heaven; for he makes his sun to rise upon the evil and the good, and causes it to rain on the just and on the unjust. For if you love those who love you, what reward have you? Do not even the publicans the same? And if you salute your brethren only, in what do you excel? Do not even the publicans so? Be you therefore perfect, as your Father who is in heaven is perfect.
And it came to pass when Jesus had ended these words, that the multitudes were astonished at his teaching:
And Jesus said to him: See that you tell no one. But go, show yourself to the priest, and offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony to them.
Or, have you not read in the law that on the Sabbath-days the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, and are blameless? But I say to you, that something greater than the temple is here.
And he said to them: What man shall there be among you, that shall have one sheep, and if this fall into a pit on the Sabbath-day, will he not lay hold on it and lift it out?
But if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has already come upon you. Or, how can any one enter the house of the strong man and spoil his goods, unless he first bind the strong man? and then he will plunder his house. read more. He that is not with me, is against me; and he that gathers not with me, scatters.
The queen of the south shall rise in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it; for she came from the most distant parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, something greater than Solomon is here.
But he answered and said: I am not sent but to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.
But that we may give them no offense, go to the sea, and throw in a hook, and take the fish that comes up first; and when you have opened his mouth, you will find a stater; take that, and give to them for me and you.
And the Pharisees came to him to tempt him, and said to him: Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife for every cause? He answered and said to them: Have you not read that the Creator, at the beginning, created them male and female, read more. and said, For this cause shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave to his wife, and the two shall be one flesh? So then, they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore, what God has joined together, let not man put asunder. They said to him: Why, then, did Moses command us to give a bill of divorce and put her away? He said to them: Moses, on account of the hardness of your hearts, permitted you to put away your wives; but from the beginning it was not so. But I say to you, That whoever puts away his wife, unless for lewdness, and marries another, commits adultery; and he that marries her that is put away, commits adultery.
even as the Son of man came, not to be ministered to, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.
When the Pharisees heard that he had put the Sadducees to silence, they came together. And one of them, who was a lawyer, asked him a question, that he might tempt him, saying: read more. Teacher, which is the great commandment in the law? Jesus said to him: You shall love the Lord your God with your whole heart, and with your whole soul, and with your whole mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments hang the whole law and the prophets.
for this is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many in order to the remission of sins.
And it came to pass, that he was going on the sabbath day through the fields of grain: and his disciples began, as they went, to pull the ears of grain. And the Pharisees said to him: See, why are they doing on the sabbath-day what is not lawful? read more. And he said to them: Did you never read what David did, when he had need and was hungry, he and those who were with him? How he entered the house of God in the days of Abiathar the chief priest, and ate the loaves of the presence, which, it is not lawful, except for the priests, to eat, and gave to those also who were with him? And he said to them: The sabbath was made for man, not man for the sabbath.
And he said to them: The sabbath was made for man, not man for the sabbath. Therefore, the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath.
And they watched him, whether he would cure him on the sabbath-day, that they might accuse him.
In vain do they worship me, teaching precepts, the commandments of men. For, neglecting the commandment of God, you hold the tradition of men, the immersion of pitchers and cups; and many other things like these you do. read more. And he said to them: Well do you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your own tradition. For Moses said: Honor your father and your mother; and, He that curses father or mother shall surely be put to death. But you say: If a man shall say to his father or mother, What ever of mine might benefit you, is Corban, (which means, a gift,) you no longer suffer him to do any thing for his father or mother, making the word of God of no effect by your tradition, which you have delivered; and many things like these you do. And he called the whole multitude to him, and said to them: Hear me, all of you, and understand. There is nothing with out that, by entering into a man, can defile him. But those things which come out of the man, defile him. If any one has ears to hear, let him hear. And when he had gone into the house, away from the multitude, his disciples asked him about the dark saying. And he said to them: Are you also so void of understanding? Do you not perceive that nothing from without, by entering into a man, can defile him? Because it does not enter into his heart, but into his belly, and goes out into the sink, cleansing all food.
Because it does not enter into his heart, but into his belly, and goes out into the sink, cleansing all food. And he said: What comes out of the man, is that which defiles the man. read more. For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed the purposes which are evil: adulteries, lewd actions, murders, thefts, schemes for extortion, wicked deeds, deceit, wantonness, an evil eye, calumny, haughtiness, impiety. All these evil things come forth from within, and defile the man.
But he was silent, and made no answer. Again, the chief priest asked him, and said to him: Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?
And when eight days were completed for circumcising him, his name was called Jesus, as it had been called by the angel, before he was conceived in the womb.
And the volume of Isaiah the prophet was given to him: and when he had unrolled the volume, he found the place where it was written: The Spirit of the Lord is upon me; because he has anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he has sent me to heal the broken hearted; to proclaim liberty to the captives, and recovery of sight to the blind; to set free the oppressed; read more. to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord. And he rolled up the volume, and save it back to the attendant, and sat down; and the eyes of all that were in the synagogue were earnestly fixed upon him. And he began to say to them: This scripture which you have heard, is this day fulfilled.
And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up to tempt him, and said: Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life? He said to him: What is written in the law? How do you read? read more. He answered and said: You shall love the Lord your God with your whole heart, and with your whole soul, and with your whole strength, and with your whole understanding, and your neighbor as yourself. He said to him: You have answered correctly; do this, and you shall live. But, wishing to justify himself, he said to Jesus: And who is my neighbor? And Jesus answered and said: A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among; robbers, who stripped him of his raiment, and wounded him, and went away, leaving him half dead. And by chance a certain priest went down along that road, and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. In like manner, also, a Levite, when he came to the place, went and looked on him, and passed by on the other side. But a certain Samaritan, who was on a journey, came near him; and when he saw him, he had compassion on him. And he went to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine; and he put him on his own beast, and carried him to an inn, and took care of him. And on the morrow, when he departed, he took out two denarii, and gave them to the innkeeper, and said to him: Take care of him; and whatever you spend more, on my return, I will repay you. Which, then, of these three do you think was neighbor to him that fell among the robbers? He replied: He that showed mercy to him. Jesus said to him: Go, and do you likewise.
And as he spoke, a certain Pharisee asked him to dine with him. And he went in and reclined at table. And when the Pharisee saw it, he wondered that he had not first immersed himself before dinner. read more. And the Lord said to him: Now you Pharisees cleanse the outside of the cup and the plate; but your inward part is full of extortion and wickedness. Senseless men, did not he who made the outside, make the inside also? But give as charity the contents of the cup, and behold, all things are clean for you.
And ought not this woman, who is a daughter of Abra ham, whom Satan has bound, lo, these eighteen years, to be loosed from this bond on the sabbath-day? And when he had said these things, all his adversaries were ashamed; and all the multitude rejoiced on account of all the glorious things that were done by him.
The law and the prophets were till John. Since that time, the kingdom of God is preached, and every one enters it by force.
For I say to you, That even this which is written must be fulfilled in me: And he was numbered with transgressors. For the things concerning me have an end.
And beginning from Moses, and all the prophets, he explained to them, in all the Scriptures, the things concerning himself.
for the law was given through Moses, but the grace and the truth came through Jesus Christ.
for the law was given through Moses, but the grace and the truth came through Jesus Christ.
And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of man be lifted up;
And the man was immediately restored to health; and he took up his bed and walked. And that day was the sabbath. The Jews, therefore, said to him that was cured: It is the sabbath; it is not lawful for you to carry your bed. read more. He answered them: He that restored me to health said to me, Take up your bed and walk. Then they asked him: Who is he that said to you, Take up your bed and walk? But he that had been restored to health knew not who he was; for Jesus had withdrawn himself, because a multitude was in the place. After this Jesus found him in the temple, and said to him: Behold, you have been restored to health; sin no more, lest some worse thing befall you. The man departed, and told the Jews that it was Jesus that had restored him to health. And for this reason did the Jews persecute Jesus, and seek to kill him, because he had done these things on the sabbath. But Jesus answered them: My Father works till now, and I also work. For this reason, therefore, the Jews sought the more to kill him, because he had not only broken the sabbath, but also said that God was his own father, making himself equal with God. Then Jesus answered and said to them: Verily, verily I say to you, The Son can do nothing of himself, but what he sees the Father do; for whatever things he does, these also the Son does in like manner. For the Father loves the Son, and shows him all things that he himself does; and he will show him greater works than these, that you may be astonished.
It is written in the- prophets, And they shall all be taught of God. Every one that hears from the Father, and learns, comes to me.
I am the bread that lives, which came down from heaven. If any one eat of this bread, he shall live forever. And the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.
Are you greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? And the prophets are dead; whom do you make yourself?
Then some of the Pharisees said: This man is not from God, for he keeps not the sabbath. Others said: How can a man that is a sinner do such signs? And there was a division among them?
Then, the second time, they called the man who had been blind, and said to him: Give glory to God; we know that this man is a sinner.
But one of them, Caiaphas, who was chief priest that year, said to them: You know nothing,
Verily, verily I say to you, unless a grain of wheat fall into the ground and die, it remains alone; but if it die, it produces much fruit.
The multitude answered him: We have heard out of the law, that the Christ remains forever: and how say you that the Son of man must be lifted up? Who is this Son of man?
But this is so, that the word may be fulfilled which is written in their law, They hated me without a cause.
The Jews answered: We have a law, and according to our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.
Be it known to you, therefore, brethren, that through this man is preached to you the remission of sins:
What, then, shall we say that Abraham our father has found, as it respects the flesh? For if Abraham was. justified by works, he has cause for boasting, but not before God. read more. For what says the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him for righteousness. Now to him that works, the reward is not counted as a favor, but as a debt: but to him that works not, but believes on him that justifies the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.
But, besides the first offense, law was introduced, in order that offenses might abound: but where sin abounded, grace did much more abound:
What, then, shall we say? Is the law sin? It can not be. Indeed, I had not known sin, except through law. For I had not known evil desire, unless the law had said: You shall not have any evil desire. But sin, taking occasion through the commandment, rendered active within me every evil desire. For without the law, sin was dead. read more. Indeed, I was alive with out the law, once; but when the commandment came, sin be came alive, and I died: and the commandment, which was given for life, I found to be for death. For sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me, and by it slew me. Therefore, the law is holy, and the commandment, holy and just and good.
Therefore, the law is holy, and the commandment, holy and just and good. Has, then, that which is good become death to me? It can not be. But sin, that it, might appear sin, was causing death to me through that which is good, in order that sin, through the commandment, might become exceedingly sinful.
Has, then, that which is good become death to me? It can not be. But sin, that it, might appear sin, was causing death to me through that which is good, in order that sin, through the commandment, might become exceedingly sinful. For we know that the law is spiritual; but I am carnal, sold into bondage to sin. read more. For what I do, I know not: for that which I wish to do, this I do not; but that which I hate, this I do. If, then, I do that which I wish not to do, I give assent to the law, that it is good. Now, then, it is no longer I that do it, but sin that dwells in me. For I know that in me, that is, in my flesh, dwells no good; for to will is present with me; but to perform that which is good, I find not. For the good that I wish to do, I do not; but the evil that I wish not to do, this I do. Now, if I do that which I wish not to do, it is no longer I that do it, but sin that dwells in me. I find, then, this law: That, when I wish to do good, evil is present with me. For, in the inward man, I delight in the law of God: but I perceive another law in my members, at war with the law of my mind, and making me a captive to the law of sin, which is in my members. Wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me from this body that subjects me to death?
For the law of the spirit of life in Christ Jesus has freed me from the law of sin, and of death. For what the law could not do, because it was weak through the flesh, God has done, who, sending his own son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for a sin-offering, condemned sin in the flesh,
but Israel, who sought after a law of justification, has not attained to a law of justification.
For being ignorant of God's plan of justification, and seeking to establish their own plan of justification, they have not submitted to God's plan of justification.
But to the married I give commandment, not I, but the Lord: Let not the wife leave her husband:
but we have renounced the secret works of shame, not walking in craftiness, nor adulterating the word of God; but, by the manifestation of the truth, commending ourselves to every man's conscience in the sight of God.
For, through law, I have died to law, that I might live to God.
Is the law, then, against the promises of God? It can not be. For if a law had been given which could have given life, surely righteousness would have been by law.
So, then, the law was our pedagogue that led us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith.
But I say, that the heir, as long as he is a minor, differs in no respect from a servant, though he is owner of all; but is under guardians and managers till the time appointed by the father. read more. So, also, we, when we were minors, were in bondage under the rudiments of the world. But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth his Son, born of a woman, born under the law,
But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, that he might buy off those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption.
Bear with the weaknesses of one another, and so fulfill the law of Christ.
and be found in him, not having my own righteousness which was by law, but the righteousness which is by faith in Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith,
and be found in him, not having my own righteousness which was by law, but the righteousness which is by faith in Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith,
Let no one gain his purpose in depriving you of the palm by an affected humility and worship of angels, prying into things which he has not seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind,
And Moses indeed was faithful in all his house as a servant, to bear testimony to those things which were to be spoken afterward;
which, as a symbol, remains to the present time, in which are offered both gifts and sacrifices that can not make perfect, as it respects the conscience, him that does the service;