Reference: Covenant, Book Of The
Hastings
The oldest code of Hebrew law which has come down to us is contained in Ex 20:22 to Ex 23:33. It receives its name from the expression in Ex 24:7, while its character as a covenant is demonstrated by the promises attached to the keeping of it (Ex 23:20-33). Owing to the confused form in which the Book of Exodus has been transmitted, doubt has been expressed as to the limits of the Book of the Covenant. Some maintain that the words in Ex 24:7 refer only to ch. 23; others would make them include 21
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And God spoke all these words, saying, "I [am] Yahweh, your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, from the house of slaves. read more. "There shall be for you no other gods before me. "You shall not make for yourself a divine image [with] any form that [is] in the heavens above or that [is] in the earth below or that [is] in the water below the earth. You will not bow down to them, and you will not serve them, because I [am] Yahweh your God, a jealous God, punishing [the] guilt of [the] parents on the children on [the] third and on [the] fourth [generations] of those hating me, and showing loyal love to thousands [of generations] of those loving me and of those keeping my commandments. "You shall not {misuse the name of Yahweh your God}, because Yahweh will not leave unpunished [anyone] who {misuses his name}. "Remember the day of the Sabbath, to consecrate it. Six days you will work, and you will do all your work. But the seventh day [is] a Sabbath for Yahweh your God; you will not do any work--you or your son or your daughter, your male slave or your female slave, or your animal, or your alien who [is] in your gates-- because [in] six days Yahweh made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that [is] in them, and on the seventh day he rested. Therefore Yahweh blessed the seventh day and consecrated it. "Honor your father and your mother, so that your days can be long on the land that Yahweh your God [is] giving you. "You shall not murder. "You shall not commit adultery. "You shall not steal. "You shall not testify against your neighbor [with] a false witness. "You shall not covet the house of your neighbor; you will not covet the wife of your neighbor or his male servant or his female servant or his ox or his donkey or anything that [is] your neighbor's."
And Yahweh said to Moses, "Thus you will say to the {Israelites}, 'You yourselves have seen that I have spoken to you from the heavens.
And Yahweh said to Moses, "Thus you will say to the {Israelites}, 'You yourselves have seen that I have spoken to you from the heavens.
An altar of earth you will make for me, and you will sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and your fellowship offerings, your sheep and your cattle. In every place where I cause my name to be remembered, I will come to you, and I will bless you. And if you make an altar of stones for me, you will not build them [as] hewn stone, because if you use your chisel on it, you have defiled it. read more. You will not go up with steps onto my altar, that your nakedness not be exposed on it.'
"And these are the regulations that you will set before them. 'If you buy a Hebrew slave, he will serve six years, and in the seventh he will go out as free for nothing. read more. If he comes in single, he will go out single. If he is the husband of a wife, his wife will go out with him. If his master gives him a wife and she bears for him sons or daughters, the wife and her children will belong to her master, and [the slave] will go out single. But if the slave explicitly says, "I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free," his master will present him to God and bring him to the door or to the doorpost, and his master will pierce his ear with an awl, and he will serve him forever. " 'And if a man sells his daughter as a slave woman, she will not go out as male slaves go out. If {she does not please her master} who selected her, he will allow her to be redeemed; he has no authority to sell her to foreign people, since he has dealt treacherously with her. And if he selects her for his son, he shall do for her according to the regulations for daughters. If he takes for himself another, he will not reduce her food, her clothing, or her right of cohabitation. And if he does not do for her these three, she shall go out for nothing; there will not be silver [paid for her]. " '{Whoever strikes someone} and he dies will surely be put to death.
" '{Whoever strikes someone} and he dies will surely be put to death.
" '{Whoever strikes someone} and he dies will surely be put to death. But if he did not lie in wait {and it was an accident}, I will appoint for you a place to which he may flee. read more. But if a man schemes against his neighbor to kill him by treachery, you will take him from my altar to die. And {whoever strikes} his father or his mother will surely be put to death.
And {whoever strikes} his father or his mother will surely be put to death. " 'And {whoever kidnaps someone} and sells him, or he is found in his possession, he will surely be put to death.
" 'And {whoever kidnaps someone} and sells him, or he is found in his possession, he will surely be put to death. " 'And one who curses his father or his mother will surely be put to death.
" 'And one who curses his father or his mother will surely be put to death. " 'And if men quarrel and a man strikes his neighbor with a stone or with a fist and he does not die, but {he is confined to bed}, read more. if he stands and walks about in the outside on his staff, the striker will be unpunished; he will only pay for his inactivity {toward his full recovery}." And if a man strikes his male slave or his female slave with the rod and he dies under his hand, he will surely be avenged. Yet if he survives a day or two days, he will not be avenged, because he is his money. " 'And if men fight and they injure a pregnant woman, and her children go out and there is not serious injury, he will surely be fined as the woman's husband demands concerning him {and as the judges determine}. And if there is serious injury, you will give life in place of life, eye in place of eye, tooth in place of tooth, hand in place of hand, foot in place of foot, burn in place of burn, wound in place of wound, bruise in place of bruise. " 'And if a man strikes the eye of his male slave or the eye of his female slave and destroys it, he shall release him as free in place of his eye.
" 'And if a man strikes the eye of his male slave or the eye of his female slave and destroys it, he shall release him as free in place of his eye. And if he causes the tooth of his male slave or the tooth of his female slave to fall out, he will release him as free in place of his tooth. read more. " 'And if an ox gores a man or a woman and he dies, the ox will surely be stoned, and its meat will not be eaten, and the owner of the ox [is] innocent.
" 'And if an ox gores a man or a woman and he dies, the ox will surely be stoned, and its meat will not be eaten, and the owner of the ox [is] innocent. But if it was a goring ox {before} and its owner was warned and did not restrain it and it kills a man or a woman, the ox will be stoned, and the owner also will be put to death. read more. If a ransom is set on him, he will pay the redemption money for his life according to all that is set on him. If it gores a son or it gores a daughter, according to this regulation it shall be done to him. If the ox gores a male slave or a female slave, he will give thirty shekels of silver to his master, and the ox will be stoned. " 'If a man opens a pit or if a man digs a pit and he does not cover it and an ox or a donkey falls into it, the owner of the pit will pay restitution; he will pay silver to its owner, but the dead [animal] will be for him. And if a man's ox injures the ox of his neighbor and it dies, they will sell the living ox and divide the {money}, and they will also divide the dead [one]. Or if it was known that it was a goring ox {before} and its owner did not restrain it, he will surely make restitution, an ox in place of the ox, and the dead [one] will be for him.
" 'If a man steals an ox or small livestock and slaughters it or sells it, he will make restitution with five cattle in place of the ox and with four sheep or goats in place of the small livestock. " 'If a thief is found in the act of breaking in and he is struck and he dies, there is not bloodguilt for him. read more. (If the sun has risen over him, [there is] bloodguilt for him. He will make full restitution. If {he does not have enough}, he will be sold for his theft. If indeed the stolen item is found {in his possession} alive, from ox to donkey to small livestock, he will make double restitution. " 'If a man grazes [his livestock] in a field or a vineyard and he releases his livestock and it grazes in the field of another, he will make restitution [from] the best of his field and the best of his vineyard. " 'If a fire is started and finds thorn bushes and a stack of sheaves or the standing grain or the field is consumed, the one who started the fire will surely make restitution. " 'If a man gives to his neighbor money or objects to watch over and it is stolen from the house of the man, if the thief is found, he will make double restitution. If the thief is not found, the owner of the house will be brought {to the sanctuary} [to learn] whether or not he reached out his hand to his neighbor's possession. Concerning every account of transgression--concerning an ox, concerning a donkey, concerning small livestock, concerning clothing, concerning all lost property--where [someone] says, "This belongs to me," the matter of the two of them will come to God; whomever God declares guilty will make double restitution to his neighbor. " 'If a man gives to his neighbor a donkey or an ox or small livestock or any beast to watch over and it dies or is injured or is captured [when] there is no one who sees,
" 'If a man gives to his neighbor a donkey or an ox or small livestock or any beast to watch over and it dies or is injured or is captured [when] there is no one who sees, the oath of Yahweh will be between the two of them [concerning] whether or not he has reached out his hand to his neighbor's possession, and its owner will accept [this], and he will not make restitution. read more. But if indeed it was stolen from him, he will make restitution to its owner. If indeed it was torn to pieces, he will bring it as evidence--the mangled carcass; he will not make restitution. " 'If a man borrows from his neighbor and it is injured or dies [while] its owner is not with it, he will make restitution. If its owner [was] with it, he will not make restitution; if it was hired, it came with its hiring fee. " 'If a man seduces a virgin who is not engaged and he lies with her, he surely will give her bride price {to have her as his wife}. If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, he will weigh out money according to the bride price for the virgin. " 'You will not let a witch live. " 'Anyone lying with an animal will surely be put to death. " 'Whoever sacrifices to the gods--not to Yahweh, to him alone--will be destroyed. " 'You will not mistreat an alien, and you will not oppress him, because you were aliens in the land of Egypt.
" 'If you lend money [to] my people, [to] the needy with you, you will not be to him as a creditor; you will not {charge him interest}. If indeed you require the cloak of your neighbor as a pledge, you will return it to him at sundown, read more. because it is his only garment; it is his cloak for his skin. In what will he sleep? {And} when he cries out to me, I will hear, because I [am] gracious. " 'You will not curse God, and you will not curse a leader among your people. " 'You will not delay the fullness of your harvest and the juice from your press; you will give me the firstborn of your sons.
" 'You will not delay the fullness of your harvest and the juice from your press; you will give me the firstborn of your sons. You will do likewise for your ox and for your sheep and goats; seven days it will be with its mother; on the eighth, you will give it to me. read more. And you will be men of holiness for me; and you will not eat meat [from] a carcass mangled in the field; you will throw it to the dog.
" 'You will not {spread} a false report. Do not lift your hand with [the] wicked to be a malicious witness. You will not {follow} a majority for evil, and you will not testify concerning a legal dispute to turn aside after a majority to pervert [justice]. read more. You will not be partial to a powerless [person] in his legal dispute.
" 'You will not pervert the justice of your poor in his legal dispute. You will stay far from a {false charge}, and do not kill [the] innocent and [the] righteous, because I will not declare [the] wicked righteous. read more. And you will not take a bribe, because the bribe makes [the] sighted blind and ruins [the] words of [the] righteous.
" 'And six years you will sow your land and gather its yield. But the seventh you will let it rest and leave it fallow, and the poor of your people will eat, and their remainder the animals of the field will eat. You will do likewise for your vineyard and for your olive trees. read more. " 'Six days you will do your work, but on the seventh day you will stop so that your ox and your donkey will rest and the son of your slave woman and the alien will be refreshed.
" 'Three times in the year you will hold a festival for me You will keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread; for seven days you will eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you at [the] appointed time, the month of Abib, because in it you came out from Egypt, and {no one will} appear before me empty-handed. read more. And [you will keep] the Feast of Harvest, [with] the firstfruits of your work, what you sow in the field. And [you will keep] the Feast of Harvest Gathering when the year goes out, when you gather your work from the field.
And [you will keep] the Feast of Harvest, [with] the firstfruits of your work, what you sow in the field. And [you will keep] the Feast of Harvest Gathering when the year goes out, when you gather your work from the field. Three times in the year all your men will appear before the Lord Yahweh. read more. " 'You will not sacrifice the blood of my sacrifice together with [food with] yeast, and you will not leave the fat of my feast overnight until morning. " 'The best of the firstfruits of your land you will bring to the house of Yahweh your God. " 'You will not boil a young goat in its mother's milk. " 'Look, I [am about to] send an angel before you to guard you on the way and to bring you to the place that I have prepared.
" 'Look, I [am about to] send an angel before you to guard you on the way and to bring you to the place that I have prepared. Be attentive to him and listen to his voice; do not rebel against him, because he will not forgive your transgression, for my name is in him
Be attentive to him and listen to his voice; do not rebel against him, because he will not forgive your transgression, for my name is in him But if you listen attentively to his voice and do all that I say, I will be an enemy to your enemies and a foe to your foes.
But if you listen attentively to his voice and do all that I say, I will be an enemy to your enemies and a foe to your foes. When my angel goes before you and brings you to the Amorites and the Hittites and the Perizzites and the Canaanites and the Hivites and the Jebusites, I will wipe them out.
When my angel goes before you and brings you to the Amorites and the Hittites and the Perizzites and the Canaanites and the Hivites and the Jebusites, I will wipe them out.
When my angel goes before you and brings you to the Amorites and the Hittites and the Perizzites and the Canaanites and the Hivites and the Jebusites, I will wipe them out. " 'You will not bow to their gods, and you will not serve them, and you will not act according to their actions, because you will utterly demolish them, and you will utterly break their stone pillars.
" 'You will not bow to their gods, and you will not serve them, and you will not act according to their actions, because you will utterly demolish them, and you will utterly break their stone pillars. And you will serve Yahweh your God, and he will bless your bread and your water, and I will remove sickness from among you.
And you will serve Yahweh your God, and he will bless your bread and your water, and I will remove sickness from among you. There will be no one suffering miscarriage or infertile in your land. I will make full the number of your days.
There will be no one suffering miscarriage or infertile in your land. I will make full the number of your days. " 'I will release my terror before you, and I will throw into confusion all the people against whom you come, and I will {make all your enemies turn their back to you}.
" 'I will release my terror before you, and I will throw into confusion all the people against whom you come, and I will {make all your enemies turn their back to you}. And I will send the hornet before you, and it will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from before you.
And I will send the hornet before you, and it will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from before you.
And I will send the hornet before you, and it will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from before you. I will not drive them out from before you in one year, lest the land become a desolation and {the wild animals} multiply against you.
I will not drive them out from before you in one year, lest the land become a desolation and {the wild animals} multiply against you.
I will not drive them out from before you in one year, lest the land become a desolation and {the wild animals} multiply against you. Little by little I will drive them out from before you until you are fruitful and take possession of the land.
Little by little I will drive them out from before you until you are fruitful and take possession of the land.
Little by little I will drive them out from before you until you are fruitful and take possession of the land. " 'And I will set your boundary from the {Red Sea} and up to the sea of the Philistines and from [the] desert up to the river, because I will give the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you will drive them out from before you.
" 'And I will set your boundary from the {Red Sea} and up to the sea of the Philistines and from [the] desert up to the river, because I will give the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you will drive them out from before you.
" 'And I will set your boundary from the {Red Sea} and up to the sea of the Philistines and from [the] desert up to the river, because I will give the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you will drive them out from before you. You will not make a covenant with them and with their gods.
You will not make a covenant with them and with their gods. They will not live in your land, lest they cause you to sin against me when you serve their gods, for it will be a snare to you.'"
They will not live in your land, lest they cause you to sin against me when you serve their gods, for it will be a snare to you.'"
They will not live in your land, lest they cause you to sin against me when you serve their gods, for it will be a snare to you.'"
And he took the scroll of the covenant and read [it] in the hearing of the people, and they said, "All that Yahweh has spoken we will do, and we will listen."
And he took the scroll of the covenant and read [it] in the hearing of the people, and they said, "All that Yahweh has spoken we will do, and we will listen."