Reference: Edom
American
Red, a name of Esau, Isaac's eldest son, appropriate on account of his natural complexion, but given, it would seem, from the current name of food for which he sold his birthright-"that same red," Ge 25:25,30. See ESAU and IDUMEA.
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And the first shall come forth red, wholly as a mantle of hair: and they will call his name Esau.
And Esau will say to Jacob, Give me now to eat from the red; this red, for I faint: for this he called his name Edom.
Easton
(1.) The name of Esau (q.v.), Ge 25:30, "Feed me, I pray thee, with that same red pottage [Heb haadom, haadom, i.e., 'the red pottage, the red pottage'] ...Therefore was his name called Edom", i.e., Red.
(2.) Idumea (Isa 34:5-6; Eze 35:15). "The field of Edom" (Ge 32:3), "the land of Edom" (Ge 36:16), was mountainous (Ob 1:8-9,19,21). It was called the land, or "the mountain of Seir," the rough hills on the east side of the Arabah. It extended from the head of the Gulf of Akabah, the Elanitic gulf, to the foot of the Dead Sea (1Ki 9:26), and contained, among other cities, the rock-hewn Sela (q.v.), generally known by the Greek name Petra (2Ki 14:7). It is a wild and rugged region, traversed by fruitful valleys. Its old capital was Bozrah (Isa 63:1). The early inhabitants of the land were Horites. They were destroyed by the Edomites (De 2:12), between whom and the kings of Israel and Judah there was frequent war (2Ki 8:20; 2Ch 28:17).
At the time of the Exodus they churlishly refused permission to the Israelites to pass through their land (Nu 20:14-21), and ever afterwards maintained an attitude of hostility toward them. They were conquered by David (2Sa 8:14; comp. 1Ki 9:26), and afterwards by Amaziah (2Ch 25:11-12). But they regained again their independence, and in later years, during the decline of the Jewish kingdom (2Ki 16:6; R.V. marg., "Edomites"), made war against Israel. They took part with the Chaldeans when Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem, and afterwards they invaded and held possession of the south of Palestine as far as Hebron. At length, however, Edom fell under the growing Chaldean power (Jer 27:3,6).
There are many prophecies concerning Edom (Isa 34:5-6; Jer 49:7-18; Eze 25:13; 35; Joe 3:19; Am 1:11; Obadiah; Mal 1:3-4) which have been remarkably fulfilled. The present desolate condition of that land is a standing testimony to the inspiration of these prophecies. After an existence as a people for above seventeen hundred years, they have utterly disappeared, and their language even is forgotten for ever. In Petra, "where kings kept their court, and where nobles assembled, there no man dwells; it is given by lot to birds, and beasts, and reptiles."
The Edomites were Semites, closely related in blood and in language to the Israelites. They dispossessed the Horites of Mount Seir; though it is clear, from Ge 36, that they afterwards intermarried with the conquered population. Edomite tribes settled also in the south of Judah, like the Kenizzites (Ge 36:11), to whom Caleb and Othniel belonged (Jos 15:17). The southern part of Edom was known as Teman.
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And Esau will say to Jacob, Give me now to eat from the red; this red, for I faint: for this he called his name Edom.
And Jacob will send messengers before his face to Esau his brother, to the land of Seir, the field of Adam.
Chief Korah, chief Gatam, chief Amalek: these the chiefs of Eliphaz in the land of Adam: these the sons of Adah.
And Moses will send messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom, Thus said thy brother Israel, Thou knewest all the distress which found us: And our fathers will go down to Egypt and will dwell in Egypt many days; and the Egyptians will do evil to us and to our fathers. read more. And we shall cry to Jehovah, and he will hear our voice, and he will send a messenger and he will bring us forth out of Egypt: and behold us in Kadesh, a city the end of thy boundary. Now we will pass over in thy land: we will not pass through in the field and in the vineyard, and we will not drink the water of the well: the way of the king we will go; we will not incline to the right or to the left till we shall pass over thy boundary. And Edom will say to him, Thou shalt not pass by me, lest with the sword I shall come out to thy meeting. And the sons of Israel will say to him, By the highway will we come up; and if we shall drink of thy waters, I and my cattle, I gave a price: only not speaking, I will pass through on my feet. . And he will say, Thou shalt not pass through. And Edom will come forth to his meeting with a heavy people, and with a strong hand. And Edom will refuse to give to Israel to pass over by his boundary; and Israel will turn away from him.
And the Horims dwelt in Seir before them, and the sons of Esau will inherit them, and they will destroy them from before them, and they will dwell instead of them; as Israel did to the land of his possession which Jehovah gave to them.)
And Othniel, son of Kenaz will take it, the brother of Caleb, and he will give to him Achsah his daughter for a wife.
And he will put garrisons in Edom; in all Edom he put garrisons, and all Edom will be servants to David. And Jehovah will save David in all which he went
And Solomon made a ship in Ezion-Geber, which is with Eloth, upon the lip of the sea of sedge in the land of Edom.
And Solomon made a ship in Ezion-Geber, which is with Eloth, upon the lip of the sea of sedge in the land of Edom.
In his days Edom broke from under the hand of Judah, and they will make a king over them
He struck Edom in the valley of salt, ten thousand; and he seized the rock in war, and he will call its name Joktheel, even to this day.
In that time Rezin king of Aram turned back Elath to Aram, and he will cast out the Jews from Elath, and the Aramites came to Elath and dwelt there even to this day.
And Amaziah strengthened himself, and he will lead out his people, and go to the valley of salt, and he will strike the sons of Seir, ten thousand. And ten thousand living the sons of Judah carried away captive, and they will bring them to the head of the rock, and they will cast them down from the head of the rock, and they were rent asunder all of them.
For my sword was drunk in the heavens: behold, it shall come down upon Edom, and upon the people of destruction for judgment
For my sword was drunk in the heavens: behold, it shall come down upon Edom, and upon the people of destruction for judgment The sword of Jehovah was filled with blood, it was made fat from the fat of the blood of lambs and he goats, from the fat of kidneys of rams: for a sacrifice to Jehovah in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Edom.
The sword of Jehovah was filled with blood, it was made fat from the fat of the blood of lambs and he goats, from the fat of kidneys of rams: for a sacrifice to Jehovah in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Edom.
Who this coming from Edom, splendid with garments from Bozra? this adorned in his attire, bowing himself in his strength? I, speaking in justice, great for salvation.
And send them to the king of Edom, and to the king of Moab, and to the king of the sons of Ammon, and to the king of Tyre, and to the king of Zidon, by the hand of messengers coming to Jerusalem to Zedekiah king of Judah;
And now I gave all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel, my servant; and also the beasts of the field gave I to him to serve him.
To Edom, thus said Jehovah of armies, Is wisdom no more in Teman? did counsel perish from the discerning? was their wisdom poured out? Flee ye, turn back, make deep to dwell, ye dwelling in Dedan; for I brought the calamity of Esau upon him, the time of his reviewing. read more. If the vintages came to thee will they not leave gleanings? if thieves by night, they destroyed their sufficiency. For I made Esau naked, I uncovered his secret places, he shall not be able to hide: his seed was laid waste, and his brethren and his neighbors, and he is not Leave thine orphans, I will preserve alive, and thy widows shall trust upon me. For thus said Jehovah: Behold, whose judgment was not to drink the cup, drinking, they will drink; and art thou he being acquitted, shalt thou be unpunished? thou shalt not be unpunished, for drinking, thou shalt drink. For by myself did I swear, says Jehovah, that Bozrah shall be for a desolation, for a reproach, and for a waste, and for a curse; and all her cities shall be for wastes forever. I heard a report from Jehovah, and a messenger sent to the nations: Gather ye together, and come against her, and rise up for war. For behold, I gave thee small among the nations, despised among men. Thy terror deceived thee, the pride of thy heart, thou dwelling in the asylums of the rock, holding the height of the hill: if thou shalt make thy nest high as the eagle, from thence will I bring thee down, says Jehovah. And Edom was for a desolation: all passing over her shall be astonished, and shall hiss at all her blows. As the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and her neighbors, said Jehovah, a man shall not dwell there, and the son of man shall not sojourn in her.
For this, thus said the Lord Jehovah: and I stretched out my hand upon Edom, and I cut of from her man and cattle; and I gave her a waste from the south; and Dedan shall fall by the sword.
For thy rejoicing at the inheritance of the house of Israel, because it was a desolation, thus will I do to thee: thou shalt be a desolation O mount Seir, and all Edom, all of it: and they shall know that I am Jehovah.
Egypt shall be for a desolation, and Edom shall be for a desert of desolation from violence to the sons of Judah, because they poured out innocent blood in their land.
Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not turn it back: for his pursuing his brother with the sword, and he destroyed his compassions, and his anger will rend forever, and his wrath was observed perpetually.
Was it not in that day, says Jehovah, and I destroyed the wise out of Edom, and understanding from mount Esau? And thy strong ones were terrified, O Teman, so that each shall be cut off from mount Esau from slaughter.
And they of the south shall possess mount Esau, and of the low country, the rovers: and they shall possess the field of Ephraim, and the field of Shomeron: and Benjamin, Gilead
And survivors came up into mount Zion to judge the mount Esau; and the kingdom was to Jehovah.
And I hated Esau, and I will set his mountains a desolation, and his inheritance for the jackals of the desert For Edom will say, We were broken down, and we will turn back and build the wastes; thus said Jehovah of armies: They shall build and I will pull down; and calling to them, The bound of injustice, and, The people with whom Jehovah was very angry, even to forever.
Fausets
Idumea. ("red".) Esau's surname, the firstborn of Isaac; Jacob's twin brother, who sold his birthright for the red pottage (of yellow brown lentils, dashim; the cooking of which is still seen in Egyptian representations), from whence came his surname (Ge 25:29-34). The name was appropriate to Edom's possession, "mount Seir," the mountainous territory having a reddish hue. Seir means rugged, applicable alike to Seir the hirsute (like Esau) progenitor of the Horites, Edom's predecessors, and to their rugged forest covered territory (Ge 14:6; 32:3; 36:1-8,20-22). It extended from the Dead Sea S. to the Elanitic gulf of the Red Sea. Esau, with his 400 armed men (Ge 32:6), commenced driving out the Horites, and permanently settled in mount Seir after his father's death, yielding Canaan to Jacob, in accordance with his father's blessing.
It is objected to Ge 36:31 that the language supposes kings had already reigned over Israel. But in Ge 35:11 "God Almighty" ('Eel Shaday) had promised Jacob "kings shall come out of thy loins." Moses, too, foretold of the Israelites having a king over them. Naturally then he notices that eight kings had reigned of Esau's family up to his own time, "before the reigning of any king to the children of Israel." The prosperity of the worldly is often immediate and brilliant, but it is transitory; that of God's people is slower in coming, that they may believingly and patiently wait for it, but when it does come it will abide for ever. Of the kingdom of the Messiah, Israel's king, there shall be no end (Lu 1:33). The dukes did not precede the line of Edomite kings, and afterward succeed again (Genesis 36); but a single king (emir) reigned in all Edom contemporaneous with several dukes (skeikhs) or princes of local tribes. The king is mentioned (Jg 11:17), and the dukes a short while before (Ex 15:15).
Moreover, the monarchy was not hereditary, but the kings apparently were elected by the dukes. The Edomites became "dwellers in the clefts of the rocks" (Jer 49:16; compare 2Ch 25:11-12), like their Horite predecessors who were troglodytes or "dwellers in caves" (Ob 1:3-4) Petra (Sela, Hebrew, rock), their chief city, was cut in the rocks. S. Idumea abounds in cave dwellings. Red baldheaded sandstone rocks are intersected by deep seams rather than valleys. In the heart of these, itself invisible, lies Petra (Stanley), Edom' s stronghold in Amaziah's days (2Ki 14:7). Bozrah, now Buseireh, was its ancient capital, near the N. border. (See BOZRAH.) Elath and Ezion Geber were Edom's seaports; afterward taken by David and made by Solomon his ports for equipping his merchant fleet (2Sa 8:14; 1Ki 9:26).
Edom (100 miles long, 20 broad) stretched Edom of the Arabah valley, southward as far as Elath. Eastward of Elath lay the desert. Israel, when refused a passage through Moab N. of Edom, as also through Edom, went from Kadesh by the S. extremity of Edom past. Elath into the desert E. of Edom (De 2:8,13-14,18; Jg 11:17-18; 2Ki 3:6-9). The Brook Zered (wady el Ahsy) was the boundary between Moab (Kerak) and Edom (now Jebal, Hebrew Gebal, mountainous, the N. district, along with Esh. Sherah, the S. district), Edom subsequently took also the territory once occupied by Amalek, S. of Palestine, the desert of Et Tih ("wandering") (Nu 13:29; 1Sa 15:1-7; 27:8). Low calcareous hills are on the W. base of the mountain range of igneous porphyry rock, surmounted by red sandstone.
On the E. is a limestone ridge, descending with an easy incline to the Arabian desert. The promised (Ge 27:40) "fatness of the earth" is in the glens and terraces of Edom (Ge 27:39), while from their rocky aeries they sallied forth "living by the sword." When navigation was difficult merchants' caravans took Edom as their route from the Persian gulf to Egypt, which became a source of wealth to Edom. At Kadesh Edom came out against Israel, on the latter marching eastward across the Arabah to reach the Jordan River through Edom, and offering to pay for provisions and water; for the rocky country there enabled them to oppose Israel. The wady Ghuweir (where probably was "the king's highway") would be the defile by which Israel tried to pass through Edom being the only practicable defile for an army, with pasture and springs (Nu 20:14-21).
But Edom dared not resist Israel's passage along their eastern border, which is more defenseless than their frontier toward the Arabah. Edom then at last made a virtue of necessity and let Israel purchase provisions (De 2:2-8,28-29). In both accounts Israel offered to pay for provisions, and did so at last on Edom's eastern side, whereas they and Moab ought to have "met (Israel as their brother) with bread and water" (De 23:4). Edom was among the enemies on the frontier from whom Saul at the beginning of his reign delivered Israel (1Sa 14:47). Hadad the Edomite, who escaped from David's slaughter to Egypt, returned thence from Pharaoh Shishak to excite Edom to revolt against Solomon (1Ki 11:14). Jehoshaphat of Judah reduced the Edomites 897 B.C., dethroning their king for a deputy from Jerusalem, and trying by a fleet at Ezion Geber to regain the trade; but his vessels were broken by the Edomites or the Egyptians.
Amaziah of Judah killed many thousands in the Valley of Salt near the Dead Sea, and took Selah, afterward Joktheel, the first mention of this extraordinary city (2Ki 14:7), and adopted their gods of mount Seir. Uzziah built Elath on the opposite side of the bay from Ezion Geber, the Roman (Etana, now Akabah; but in Ahaz' reign the Edomites (as 2Ki 16:6 should be read for "Syrians") recovered it (2Ki 14:22). When Israel and Judah declined Edom "broke off Israel's yoke," as Isaac had foretold, in Jehoram's reign (2Ki 8:20-22), re-conquered their lost cities and invaded southern Judah (2Ch 28:17). Edom also joined the Chaldaeans against the Jews (Ps 137:7). Hence, the denunciations against Edom in Ob 1:1, etc.; Jer 49:7, etc.; Eze 25:12, etc.; Eze 35:3, etc. At the Babylonian captivity they seized on the Amalekite territory, and even Hebron in southern Judaea, so that Idumaea came to mean the region between the Arabah and the Mediterranean.
Meanwhile mount Stir or Edom proper, was occupied by the Nabathaeans (descended from Nebaioth, Ishmael's oldest son and Esau's brother in law), a powerful people of S. Arabia; they founded the kingdom of Arabia Petraea in ancient Edom, and their monarchs took the name Aretas. Aretas, the father-in-law of Herod Antipas (Matthew 14), took Damascus at the time of Paul's conversion (Ac 9:25; 2Co 11:32). Rome subdued this kingdom of Arabia A.D. 105. Idumea S. of Palestine was joined to Judaea under Judas Maccabaeus and John Hyrcanus. Antipater, one of the Jewish prefects, an Idumean by birth, by the Roman senate's decree (37 B.C.) became procurator of all Judaea. His son was Herod the Great. Just before the siege under Titus 20,000 Idumeans were admitted into Jerusalem and filled it bloodshed and rapine. Muslim misrule finally destroyed Edom's prosperity in fulfillment of prophecy (Eze 35:3-14).
Psalm 44 was written by the sons of Korah in the midst of Edom's invasion of Israel, taking advantage of David's absence at the Euphrates. David was striving with Aram of the two rivers (Naharaim) and Aram-Zobah when Joab returned and smote of Edom in the Valley of Salt (the scene also of Amaziah's victory over Edom, the plain S. of the Dead Sea, where the Ghor or the Jordan Valley ends; the mount of rock salt, Khasm Usdum, is in its N.W. grainer) 12,000 men (8/13/type/juliasmith'>2Sa 8:13; 10:6,8,10-19; 1Ch 18:12; 1Ki 11:15-16). Israel's slain lay unburied until Joab returned from smiting Edom along with Abishai. The scattering of Israel among the pagan (Ps 44:11) was but partial, enough to gratify Edom's desire to falsify the prophecy, "the elder shall serve the younger." Edom's spite is marked (Joe 3:19; Am 1:6,9,11).
Israel pleads faithfulness to the covenant, which suits David's time; also they had no "armies" in Babylon (Ps 44:9), which precludes the time of the captivity there. David wrote Psalm 60 when victory was in part gained, and he was sending forth the expedition against Edom. Translated in the title, "when David had beaten down Ar
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And the Horites in their mountain Seir to Ael Paran, which is by the wilderness.
And Jacob will boil a boiling, and Esau will come from the country, and he faint And Esau will say to Jacob, Give me now to eat from the red; this red, for I faint: for this he called his name Edom. read more. And Jacob will say, Sell this day thy birth-right to me. And Esau will say, Behold, I am going to die, and what to me this birthright? And Jacob will say, Swear to me this day: and he will swear to him: and he will sell his birth-right to Jacob. And Jacob gave Esau food, and the boiling of lentiles; and he will eat and drink and will rise and go forth: and Esau will despise the birth-right
And Isaak his father will answer and say to him, Behold, from the fatness of the earth shall be thy dwelling, and from the dew of the heavens above. And by thy sword shalt thou live and shalt serve thy brother: and it shall be when thou shalt wander about and thou shalt break his yoke from thy neck.
And Jacob will send messengers before his face to Esau his brother, to the land of Seir, the field of Adam.
And the messengers will turn back to Jacob, saying, We came to thy brother, to Esau, and also he came to thy meeting, and four hundred men with him.
And God will say to him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and an assembly of nations shall be from thee, and kings shall come forth from thy loins.
And these the generations of Esau; this is Adam. Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan. Adah the daughter of Elon, the Hittite, and Aholibamah, daughter of Anah, daughter of Zibeon, the Hivite; read more. And Bashemath, daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebajoth. And Adah will bear to Esau, Eliphaz; and Bashemath bare Reuel; And Aholibamah bare Jeush, and Jaalam and Korah; these the sons of Esau which were born to him in the land of Canaan. And Esau will take his wives, and his sons and his daughters and all the souls of his house, and his cattle and all his quadrupeds, and all his acquisition which he acquired in the land of Canaan; and he will go to the land from the face of Jacob his brother. For their possessions were much above dwelling together; and the land of their sojournings will not be able to bear them from the face of their possessions. And Esau will dwell in mount Seir. Esau, this is Adam.
These the sons of Seir the Horite, dwelling in the land; Lotan and Shobal, and Zibeon and Anah, And Dishon and Ezer, and Dishan: these the chiefs of the Horites the sons of Seir in the land of Adam. read more. And the sons of Lotan were Hori and Heman; and Lotan's sister Timna.
And these the kings which reigned in the land of Edom, before a king reigned over the sons of Israel.
Then the chiefs of Edom trembled; the mighty of Moab, trembling, shall take them; all those dwelling in Canaan melted away.
Amalek will dwell in the land of the south; and the Hittites and the Jebusites, and the Amorites, will dwell in the mountain; and the Canaanites will dwell by the sea, and by the hand of Jordan.
And Moses will send messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom, Thus said thy brother Israel, Thou knewest all the distress which found us: And our fathers will go down to Egypt and will dwell in Egypt many days; and the Egyptians will do evil to us and to our fathers. read more. And we shall cry to Jehovah, and he will hear our voice, and he will send a messenger and he will bring us forth out of Egypt: and behold us in Kadesh, a city the end of thy boundary. Now we will pass over in thy land: we will not pass through in the field and in the vineyard, and we will not drink the water of the well: the way of the king we will go; we will not incline to the right or to the left till we shall pass over thy boundary. And Edom will say to him, Thou shalt not pass by me, lest with the sword I shall come out to thy meeting. And the sons of Israel will say to him, By the highway will we come up; and if we shall drink of thy waters, I and my cattle, I gave a price: only not speaking, I will pass through on my feet. . And he will say, Thou shalt not pass through. And Edom will come forth to his meeting with a heavy people, and with a strong hand. And Edom will refuse to give to Israel to pass over by his boundary; and Israel will turn away from him.
And Jehovah will speak to me, saying, It was enough to you to encompass this mount; turn for yourselves to the north, read more. And command the people, saying, Ye are passing over through the bound of your brethren the sons of Esau, dwelling in Seir; and they shall be afraid of you: and ye shall watch greatly. Ye shall not contend with them, for I will not give to you from their land even to the treading of the sole of the foot, for I gave mount Seir to Esau for a possession. Ye shall buy food from them for silver, and ye ate: and also shall ye buy water from them for silver, and ye drank For Jehovah thy God blessed thee in every work of thy hand: he knew thy going in this great desert: this forty years Jehovah thy God with thee; thou didst not lack a word. And we shall pass by our brethren the sons of Esau, dwelling in Seir, from the way of the sterile region from Elath, and from Ezion-Gaber, we shall turn and shall pass over the way of the desert of Moab.
And we shall pass by our brethren the sons of Esau, dwelling in Seir, from the way of the sterile region from Elath, and from Ezion-Gaber, we shall turn and shall pass over the way of the desert of Moab.
Now rise up and pass over for yourselves the valley Zered; and we shall pass through the torrent Zered. And the days which we came from Kadesh-Barnea till we passed over the valley Zered, thirty and eight years; till all the generation of men of war was finished from the midst of the camp, as Jehovah sware to them.
Thou shalt sell me food for silver, and I ate; and thou shalt give to me water for silver, and I drank: only I will pass through on my feet; (As the sons of Esau did to me dwelling in Seir, and the Moabites dwelling in Ar,) till when I shall pass over Jordan to the land which Jehovah our God gave to us.
For the word that they met you not with bread and with water in the way in your coming out of Egypt, and who hired against thee Balaam, son of Beor of Pethor, of Arum of the two rivers, to curse thee.
And it will be when they brought these kings forth to Joshua, and Joshua will call to every man of Israel, and will say to the leaders of the men of war having gone with him, Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings. And they will come near and put their feet upon their necks.
And Israel will send messengers to the king of Edom, saying, I will pass through now in thy land: and the king of Edom heard not And also to the king of Moab he sent; and he was not willing. And Israel dwelt in Kadesh.
And Israel will send messengers to the king of Edom, saying, I will pass through now in thy land: and the king of Edom heard not And also to the king of Moab he sent; and he was not willing. And Israel dwelt in Kadesh. And he will go into the wilderness, and he will encompass the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and he will come from the rising of the sun to the land of Moab, and they will encamp beyond Arnon; and they went not in to the bound of Moab, for Arnon is the bound of Moah
And this before in Israel upon redemption and upon exchange, to set up all the word; a man drew off his shoe and gave to his neighbor: and this the precept in Israel.
And Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and he will fight round about against all his enemies, against Moab and against the sons of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the rovers: and in all which he will turn he will disturb.
And David will make a name in his turning back from his smiting Aram in the valley of salt, eighteen thousand.
And David will make a name in his turning back from his smiting Aram in the valley of salt, eighteen thousand.
And David will make a name in his turning back from his smiting Aram in the valley of salt, eighteen thousand. And he will put garrisons in Edom; in all Edom he put garrisons, and all Edom will be servants to David. And Jehovah will save David in all which he went
And the sons of Ammon will see that they became loathsome before David, and the sons of Ammon will send and hire Aram of the house of Rehob, and Aram of Zobah, twenty thousand footmen, and king Maacah a thousand men, and Ish-Tob two thousand men.
And the sons of Ammon will go forth and they will arrange the battle at the opening of the gate: and Aram of Zobah and Rehob and Ish-Tob, and Maacah by themselves in the field.
And the remainder of the people he gave into the hand of Abishai his brother, and he will arrange to meet the sons of Ammon. And he will say, If Aram shall be strong above me, and be thou to me for deliverance: and if the sons of Ammon shall be strong above thee, and I came for deliverance to thee. read more. Be strong, and we will be strong for our people, and for the cities of our God: and Jehovah shall do the good in his eyes. And Joab will draw near, and the people which were with him, to battle against Aram: and they will flee from his face. And the sons of Ammon saw that Aram fled and they will flee from the face of Abishai, and come into the city. And Joab will turn back from the sons of Ammon and come to Jerusalem. And Aram will see that he was smitten before Israel, and they will be gathered together. And Hadadezer will send and will bring forth Aram that was beyond the river: and they will come to Helam and Shobach, chief of the army of Hadadezer, before them. And it will be announced to David, and he will gather together all Israel, and he will pass over Jordan and will come to Helam. And Aram will arrange to meet David, and they will war with him. And Aram will flee from the face of Israel; and David will kill from Aram seven hundred chariots and forty thousand horsemen, and Shobach chief of his army he struck, and he will die there. And all the kings, servants of Hadadezer, will see that they were smitten before Israel, and they will be at peace with Israel, and serve them. And Aram will be afraid yet to save the sons of Ammon.
And Jehovah will raise up an adversary to Solomon, Hadad the Edomite: he from the king's seed in Edom.
In his days Edom broke from under the hand of Judah, and they will make a king over them And Joram will pass over to Zair, and all the chariots with him: and he will be rising by night, and he will strike Edom surrounding upon him, and the captains of his chariots: and the people will flee to his tents. read more. And Edom will break from under Judah even to this day. Then Libnab will break in that time.
He struck Edom in the valley of salt, ten thousand; and he seized the rock in war, and he will call its name Joktheel, even to this day.
He struck Edom in the valley of salt, ten thousand; and he seized the rock in war, and he will call its name Joktheel, even to this day.
He built Elath, and he will turn it back to Judah; afterwards the king will lie down with his fathers.
In that time Rezin king of Aram turned back Elath to Aram, and he will cast out the Jews from Elath, and the Aramites came to Elath and dwelt there even to this day.
And behold them rewarding upon us to come to drive us out from thy possession which thou causedst us to possess.
And he will counsel to the people, and he will set up those singing to Jehovah, and those praising to the ornaments of holiness, in their going out before the strong, and saying, Confess ye to Jehovah; his mercy is forever. And in the time they began in rejoicing and praising, Jehovah gave ambushes against the sons of Ammon, Moab, and mount Seir, coming against Judah; and they will be smitten.
And Amaziah strengthened himself, and he will lead out his people, and go to the valley of salt, and he will strike the sons of Seir, ten thousand. And ten thousand living the sons of Judah carried away captive, and they will bring them to the head of the rock, and they will cast them down from the head of the rock, and they were rent asunder all of them.
And yet the Edomites came and they will strike in Judah, and take captive a captivity.
But thou didst reject, and thou wilt shame us, and not go forth with our armies.
Thou wilt give us as sheep for food, and thou didst scatter us among the nations.
He will choose for us our inheritance, the excellency of Jacob whom he loved. Silence. God went up with a shout, Jehovah with the voice of a trumpet
God reigned over the nations; God sat upon his holy throne. The nobles of the peoples were gathered together, the people of the God. of Abraham: for to God the shields of the earth: he was lifted up greatly.
With an east wind thou wilt break the ships of Tarshish.
We thought, O God, of thy mercy in the midst of thy temple.
Thou gavest a signal to those fearing thee, to flee from the face of the bow. Silence.
Who will bring me to the city of fortification? who guided me even to Edom? Wilt not thou, O God? thou didst cast us off, and wilt thou not go forth, O God, with our armies? read more. Give to us help from straits, for vain the salvation of man. In God we will do strength and he will tread down our adversaries.
Against thy people they will make crafty consultation, and they will counsel against thy hidden ones. They said, Come, and we will cut them off from a nation; and the name of Israel shall no more be remembered. read more. For they counseled together with the heart: they will cut out a covenant against thee:
Remember, O Jehovah, for the sons of Edom, the day of Jerusalem; they saying, Make bare, make bare, even to the foundations in her.
To Edom, thus said Jehovah of armies, Is wisdom no more in Teman? did counsel perish from the discerning? was their wisdom poured out?
Thy terror deceived thee, the pride of thy heart, thou dwelling in the asylums of the rock, holding the height of the hill: if thou shalt make thy nest high as the eagle, from thence will I bring thee down, says Jehovah.
Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because Edom did against the house of Judah by revenging vengeance, and they will transgress a transgression, and they revenged against them;
And say to it, Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Behold me against thee, O mount Seir; and I stretched out my hand upon thee a desolation and an amazement
And say to it, Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Behold me against thee, O mount Seir; and I stretched out my hand upon thee a desolation and an amazement I will set thy cities a waste, and thou shalt be a desolation, and thou knewest that I am Jehovah. read more. Because there was a perpetual enmity to thee, and thou wilt pour out the sons of Israel by the hands of the sword in the time of their calamity, in the time of iniquity the end: For this, I live, says the Lord Jehovah, for I will make thee for blood and blood shall pursue thee: since thou hatedst not blood, and blood shall pursue thee. And I gave mount Seir for a desolation, and desolation, and I cut off from it him passing through and him turning back. And I filled his mountains with his wounded: in thy hills and in thy valleys, and all thy torrents the wounded of the sword shall fall in them: I will give thee perpetual desolations, and thy cities shall not be inhabited: and ye knew that I am Jehovah. Because of thy saying, The two nations and the two lands shall be to me, and we will possess it; and Jehovah was there: For this, I live, says the Lord Jehovah, and I did according to thine anger and according to thine envy which thou didst in thy hatred against them; and I was known among them according to that I will judge thee. And thou knewest that I am Jehovah; I heard all thy reproaches which thou spakest against the mountains of Israel, saying, They were given to us a desolation to consume. And ye will be magnified against me with your mouth, and ye multiplied your words against me: I heard. Thus said the Lord Jehovah: When all the earth rejoiced I will make thee a desolation.
Egypt shall be for a desolation, and Edom shall be for a desert of desolation from violence to the sons of Judah, because they poured out innocent blood in their land.
Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four, I will not turn it back, for their carrying away captive the whole captivity to deliver over to Edom
Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Tyre, and for four, I will not turn it back, for their delivering over the whole captivity to Edom, and they remembered not the covenant of their brethren:
Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not turn it back: for his pursuing his brother with the sword, and he destroyed his compassions, and his anger will rend forever, and his wrath was observed perpetually.
The vision of Obadiah. Thus said the Lord Jehovah to Edom: We heard a report from Jehovah, a messenger was sent among the nations; arise ye, and we will rise up against her for war.
The pride of thy heart deceived thee, dwelling in the refuges of the rock, the height his seat; he said in his heart, Who shall bring me down to the earth? If thou shalt exalt as the eagle, and set thy nest between the stars, from thence will I bring thee down, says Jehovah.
I truly immerse you in water to repentance; but he coming after me is stronger than I, whose shoes I am not fit to lift up; he shall immerse in the Holy Spirit, and fire
And he shall reign over the house of Jacob forever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end.
Peter says to him, Thou shouldest never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, Except I wash thee, thou hast no part with me.
And the disciples having taken him by night, put through the wall, having let down in a wicker basket.
And as John completed the course, be said, Whom think ye me to be? I am not. But, behold, he comes after me, whose shoes of the feet I am not worthy to loose.
Morish
E'dom
Name given to Esau because he craved the red pottage of Jacob, Edom signifying red, Ge 25:30; 36:1,8,19; but the name is more usually given to his tribe and the territory they possessed. This extended from the land of Moab, southward to the Gulf of Akaba, in length about 100 miles, from about 29 30' to 31 N, and about 35 30' E. It is a remarkably mountainous district with lofty peaks and deep glens, but also with very productive plains. It had been called mount Seir. Ge 36:8. Some of the rocks were so precipitous that Amaziah killed 10,000 of the children of Seir (Edomites) by casting them down from the rocks, whereby they were dashed to pieces. 2Ch 25:11. Bozrah and Sela, or Selah, were its chief cities.
When Israel was approaching the land of Palestine, Moses appealed to Edom to let them pass through their country, but they refused. The Israelites therefore returned south by way of the Red Sea (Gulf of Akaba) in order to compass the land of Edom, and then kept to the east of Edom until they reached the land of Moab. Nu 21:4.
Edom is constantly referred to in the prophets as having had relations with Israel, and is judged because of its perpetual hatred against them. Eze 35:5. God at one time stirred up the king of Edom to punish Israel (1Ki 11:14), and then again strengthened Israel to punish Edom. 2Ch 25:10-11. Some of the prophecies however extend to the future. Edom took pleasure in the punishment of Judah when judgement was falling upon it. Of Jerusalem they said, "Rase it, rase it, even to the foundation thereof," Ps 137:7, evincing, as also do other passages, the hatred and jealousy of the descendants of Esau.
Many prophecies speak of its punishment. When the king of the north in a future day invades Palestine and overthrows countries as far as Egypt, "Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon" will escape, being reserved to be subdued by Israel. Da 11:41; Isa 11:13-14; Ob 1:18-19. It is from 'Edom' that the Lord Jesus is represented as coming 'with dyed garments' because of His having executed judgements. Isa 63:1. Its destruction will be complete. Ob 1:10.
During the captivity the Edomites extended their dominion in the West and possessed Hebron; and some 300 years B.C. the Nabatheans took Petra (which is supposed to be the same as Sela, q.v.), and established themselves in the district. They settled down and engaged in commerce, and formed the kingdom called by Roman writers Arabia Petraea. Under the Maccabees the Edomites in the west were conquered, and Hebron was recovered. After possession by the Romans, under the withering influence of Islamic rule the district came to ruin.
The Greek form of Edom is IDUMEA, which occurs only in Isa 34:5-6; Eze 35:15; 36:5; Mr 3:8.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Esau will say to Jacob, Give me now to eat from the red; this red, for I faint: for this he called his name Edom.
And they will remove from mount Hor, the way of the sea of sedge, to encompass the land of Edom: and the soul of the people will be shortened in the way.
And Jehovah will raise up an adversary to Solomon, Hadad the Edomite: he from the king's seed in Edom.
And Amaziah will separate them for the troop which came to him from Ephraim to go to their place: and their anger will kindle greatly against Judah, and they will turn back to their place in the heat of anger. And Amaziah strengthened himself, and he will lead out his people, and go to the valley of salt, and he will strike the sons of Seir, ten thousand.
And Amaziah strengthened himself, and he will lead out his people, and go to the valley of salt, and he will strike the sons of Seir, ten thousand.
Remember, O Jehovah, for the sons of Edom, the day of Jerusalem; they saying, Make bare, make bare, even to the foundations in her.
And the jealousy of Ephraim was removed, and the adversaries of Judah shall be cut off: Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall not press upon Ephraim. And they flew upon the shoulder of the rovers to the sea; together shall they plunder the sons of the east: Edom and Moab the sending forth of their hand, and the sons of Ammon their audience.
For my sword was drunk in the heavens: behold, it shall come down upon Edom, and upon the people of destruction for judgment The sword of Jehovah was filled with blood, it was made fat from the fat of the blood of lambs and he goats, from the fat of kidneys of rams: for a sacrifice to Jehovah in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Edom.
Who this coming from Edom, splendid with garments from Bozra? this adorned in his attire, bowing himself in his strength? I, speaking in justice, great for salvation.
Because there was a perpetual enmity to thee, and thou wilt pour out the sons of Israel by the hands of the sword in the time of their calamity, in the time of iniquity the end:
For thy rejoicing at the inheritance of the house of Israel, because it was a desolation, thus will I do to thee: thou shalt be a desolation O mount Seir, and all Edom, all of it: and they shall know that I am Jehovah.
For this, thus said the Lord Jehovah: If not in the fire of my jealousy I spake against the rest of the nations and against all Edom who gave my land to them for a possession with joy of all the heart, with contempt of soul for casting it out for plunder.
And he came into the land of glory, and many shall be weak: and these shall escape from his hand, Edom and Moab, and the first of the sons of Ammon.
From this violence of thy brother Jacob, shame shall cover thee, and thou wert cut off forever.
And the house of Jacob was a fire, and the house of Joseph for a flame, and the house of Esau for straw; and they burned in them, and they devoured them; and a survivor shall not be to the house of Esau, for Jehovah spake. And they of the south shall possess mount Esau, and of the low country, the rovers: and they shall possess the field of Ephraim, and the field of Shomeron: and Benjamin, Gilead
And from Jerusalem, and from Idumea, and beyond Jordan; and they about Tyre and Sidon, a great multitude, having heard what he did, came to him.
Watsons
EDOM, a province of Arabia, which derives its name from Edom, or Esau, who there settled in the mountains of Seir, in the land of the Horites, south-east of the Dead Sea. His descendants afterward extended themselves throughout Arabia Petrea, and south of Palestine, between the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean. During the Babylonish captivity, and when Judea was almost deserted, they seized the south of Judah, and advanced to Hebron. Hence that tract of Judea, which they inhabited, retained the name of Idumea in the time of our Saviour, Mr 3:8. Under Moses and Joshua, and even under the kings of Judah, the Idumeans were confined to the east and south of the Dead Sea, in the land of Seir; but afterward they extended their territories more to the south of Judah. The capital of east Edom was Bozrah; and that of south Edom, Petra, or Jectael. The Edomites, or Idumeans, the posterity of Esau, had kings long before the Jews. They were first governed by dukes or princes, and afterward by kings, Ge 36:31. They continued independent till the time of David, who subdued them, in completion of Isaac's prophecy, that Jacob should rule Esau, Ge 27:29-30. The Idumeans bore this subjection with great impatience; and at the end of Solomon's reign, Hadad, the Edomite, who had been carried into Egypt during his childhood, returned into his own country, where he procured himself to be acknowledged king, 1Ki 11:22. It is probable, however, that he reigned only in east Edom; for Edom south of Judea continued subject to the kings of Judah, till the reign of Jehoram, son of Jehoshaphat, against whom it rebelled, 2Ch 21:8. Jehoram attacked Edom, but did not subdue it. Amaziah king of Judah, took Petra, killed a thousand men, and compelled ten thousand more to leap from the rock, upon which stood the city of Petra, 2Ch 25:11-12. But these conquests were not permanent. Uzziah took Elath on the Red Sea, 2Ki 14:22; but Rezin, king of Syria, retook it. Some think that Esar-haddon, king of Syria, ravaged this country, Isa 21:11-17; 34:6. Holofernes subdued it, as well as other nations around Judea, Judith 3:14. When Nebuchadnezzar besieged Jerusalem, the Idumeans joined him, and encouraged him to rase the very foundations of that city. This cruelty did not long continue unpunished. Five years after the taking of Jerusalem, Nebuchadnezzar humbled all the states around Judea, and in particular Idumea. John Hyrcanus entirely conquered the Idumeans, whom he obliged to receive circumcision and the law. They continued subject to the later kings of Judea till the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans. They even came to assist that city when besieged, and entered it in order to defend it. However, they did not continue there till it was taken, but returned into Idumea loaded with booty. The prophecies respecting Edom are numerous and striking; and the present state of the country as described by modern travellers has given so remarkable an attestation to the accuracy of their fulfilment, that a few extracts from Mr. Keith's work, in which this is pointed out, may be fitly introduced:
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And nations shall serve thee, and peoples shall bow down to thee; be lord over thy brother, and thy mother's sons shall bow down to thee: cursed he cursing thee, and blessed he praising thee. And it shall be after that Isaak finished to praise Jacob, and it shall be Jacob going will but go out from the face of Isaak his father, and Esau his brother came from his hunting.
And Isaak his father will answer and say to him, Behold, from the fatness of the earth shall be thy dwelling, and from the dew of the heavens above.
And these the kings which reigned in the land of Edom, before a king reigned over the sons of Israel.
And these the kings which reigned in the land of Edom, before a king reigned over the sons of Israel.
Now we will pass over in thy land: we will not pass through in the field and in the vineyard, and we will not drink the water of the well: the way of the king we will go; we will not incline to the right or to the left till we shall pass over thy boundary.
And Pharaoh will say to him, For what lackest thou with me, and behold thee seeking to go to thy land? and he will say, Naught: but sending, thou shalt send me away.
He built Elath, and he will turn it back to Judah; afterwards the king will lie down with his fathers.
In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and they will cause a king to reign over them.
And Amaziah strengthened himself, and he will lead out his people, and go to the valley of salt, and he will strike the sons of Seir, ten thousand. And ten thousand living the sons of Judah carried away captive, and they will bring them to the head of the rock, and they will cast them down from the head of the rock, and they were rent asunder all of them.
And Jehovah blessed the latter state of Job more than his beginning: and there will be to him fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she-asses.
The burden of Dumah. He called to me from Seir, Watch, what of the night? watch, what of the night? The watch said, I will mark out morning, and also night; if ye will seek, seek ye: turn back, come. read more. The burden of Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, ye wayfarers of Dedanim. To meet the thirsty, bring ye water, O inhabitants of the land of Tema: anticipate ye him wandering, with bread. For they fled from the face of the swords, the sword drawn out, and from the face of the bent bow, and from the face of the heaviness of war. For thus said the Lord to me, Within yet a year; as the years of a hireling, and all the glory of Kedar was finished. And the rest of the bows of the strong sons of Kedar shall be few: for Jehovah God of Israel spake.
For my sword was drunk in the heavens: behold, it shall come down upon Edom, and upon the people of destruction for judgment The sword of Jehovah was filled with blood, it was made fat from the fat of the blood of lambs and he goats, from the fat of kidneys of rams: for a sacrifice to Jehovah in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Edom.
Night and day it shall not be quenched; its smoke shall go up forever: from generation to generation it shall be laid waste; none passing through it forever to forever.
Night and day it shall not be quenched; its smoke shall go up forever: from generation to generation it shall be laid waste; none passing through it forever to forever. And the pelican and the hedgehog shall possess it; the ibis and the raven shall dwell in it: and he stretched out upon it the line of desolation and the stones of emptiness. read more. Its nobles shall be called to the kingdom, and none there, and all its chiefs shall be no more. And thorns came up in her palaces, the nettle and the thorn bush in her fortifications, and it was a dwelling of jackals, an enclosure for the daughters of the ostrich. And animals of the desert lighted upon the howlers, and the he goat shall call to his neighbor; also there the night spectre rested, and found for herself a resting place. There the arrow-snake nested, and she will lay eggs and hatch, and brood in her shadow: also there the falcons were collected, the female with her companion. Seek ye from the book of Jehovah, and read: One of these was not wanting; a female her companion they missed not: for my mouth it commanded, and his spirit it collected them. And be cast the lot for them, and his hand divided it to them by line; they shall possess it even forever, to generation and generation they shall dwell in it
For by myself did I swear, says Jehovah, that Bozrah shall be for a desolation, for a reproach, and for a waste, and for a curse; and all her cities shall be for wastes forever. I heard a report from Jehovah, and a messenger sent to the nations: Gather ye together, and come against her, and rise up for war. read more. For behold, I gave thee small among the nations, despised among men. Thy terror deceived thee, the pride of thy heart, thou dwelling in the asylums of the rock, holding the height of the hill: if thou shalt make thy nest high as the eagle, from thence will I bring thee down, says Jehovah. And Edom was for a desolation: all passing over her shall be astonished, and shall hiss at all her blows. As the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and her neighbors, said Jehovah, a man shall not dwell there, and the son of man shall not sojourn in her.
And I gave mount Seir for a desolation, and desolation, and I cut off from it him passing through and him turning back.
And I hated Esau, and I will set his mountains a desolation, and his inheritance for the jackals of the desert For Edom will say, We were broken down, and we will turn back and build the wastes; thus said Jehovah of armies: They shall build and I will pull down; and calling to them, The bound of injustice, and, The people with whom Jehovah was very angry, even to forever.
And from Jerusalem, and from Idumea, and beyond Jordan; and they about Tyre and Sidon, a great multitude, having heard what he did, came to him.