Reference: Job
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A patriarch distinguished for his integrity and piety, his wealth, honors, and domestic happiness, whom God permitted, for the trial of his faith, to be deprived of friends, property, and health, and at once plunged into deep affliction. He lived in the land of Uz, lying, it is generally thought, in Eastern Edom, probably not far from Bozrah.
THE BOOK OF JOB, has originated much criticism, and on many points a considerable diversity of opinion still exists. Sceptics have denied its inspiration, and called it a mere philosophical romance; but no one who respects revelation can entertain this notion, or doubt that Job was a real person. Inspired writers testify to both. See Eze 14:14; Jas 5:11, and compare 1Co 3:19 with Job 5:13. The book itself specifies persons, places, and circumstances in the manner of true history. Moreover, the name and history of Job are spread throughout the East; Arabian writers mention him, and many Mohammedan families perpetuate his name. Five different places claim the possession of his tomb.
The precise period of his life cannot be ascertained, yet no doubt can exist as to its patriarchal antiquity. The book seems to allude to the flood, Job 22:15-17, but not to the destruction of Sodom, to the exodus from Egypt, or the giving of the Law. No reference is made to any order of priesthood, Job himself being the priest of his household, like Noah and Abraham. There is allusion to the most ancient form of idolatry, star-worship, and to the earliest mode of writing, Job 19:24. The longevity of Job also places him among the patriarchs. He survived his trial one hundred and forty years, and was an old man before his trial began, for his children were established each at the head of his own household, Job 1:4; 42:16. The period of long lives had not wholly passed away, Job 15:10. Hales places the trial of Job before the birth of Abraham, and Usher, about thirty years before the exodus, B. C. 1521.
As to the authorship of the book, many opinions have been held. It has all the freedom of an original composition, bearing no marks of its being a translation; and if so, it would appear that its author must have been a Hebrew, since it is written in the purest Hebrew. It exhibits, moreover, the most intimate acquaintance with both Egyptian and Arabian scenery, and is in the loftiest style of oriental poetry. All these circumstances are consistent with the views of those who regard Moses as its probable author. It has, however, been ascribed to various other persons. IT presents a beautiful exhibition of patriarchal religion. It teaches the being and perfections of God, his creation of all things, and his universal providence; the apostasy and guilt of evil spirits and of mankind; the mercy of God, on the basis of a sacrifice, and on condition of repentance and faith, Job 33:27-30; 42:6,8; the immortality of the soul, and the resurrection of the body, Job 14:7-15; 19:25-27.
The main problem discussed in Job is the justice of God in suffering the righteous to be afflicted, while the wicked prosper. It is settled, by showing that, while the hand of a just God is manifest in his providential government of human affairs, it is his sovereign right to choose his own time and mode of retribution both to the evil and the good, and to subject the graces of his people to whatever trials he deems best.
The conference of Job and his friends may be divided into three parts. In the first, Eliphaz addresses Job, and Job replies; then Bildad and Job, and Zophar and Job speak, in turn. In the second part, the same order is observed and in the third also, except that after Job's reply to Bildad, the three friends have no more to urge, and instead of Zophar, a fourth friend named Elihu takes up the word; and the whole is concluded by the decision of Jehovah himself. The friends of Job argue that his remarkable afflictions must have been sent in punishment of highly aggravated transgressions, and urge him to confession and repentance. The pious patriarch, conscious of his own integrity and love to God cast down and bewildered by his sore chastisements, and pained by the suspicions of his friends, warmly vindicates his innocence, and shows that the best of men are sometimes the most afflicted; but forgets that his inward sins merit far heavier punishment, and though he still maintains faith in God, yet he charges Him foolishly. Afterwards he humbly confesses his wrong, and is cheered by the returning smile of God, while his uncharitable friends are reproved. The whole book is written in the highest style of Hebrew poetry, except the two introductory chapters and part of the last, which are prose. As a poem, it is full of sublime sentiments and bold and striking images.
The DISEASE of Job is generally supposed to have been the elephantiasis, or black leprosy. The word rendered "boils" does not necessarily mean abscesses, but burning and inflammation; and no known disease better answers to the description given, Job 2:7-8; 7:5,13/type/mkjv'>13,13/type/mkjv'>13; 19:17; 30:17, than the leprosy referred to above. See LEPER.
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And his sons went and feasted in the house of each one on his day. And they sent and called for their three sisters to eat and to drink with them.
And Satan went forth from the presence of Jehovah and struck Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot to the top of his head. And he took a broken piece of pottery to scrape himself with. And he sat down among the ashes.
He takes the wise in their own craftiness; and the counsel of the wily is carried headlong.
My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust; my skin is broken and has run afresh.
When I say, My bed shall comfort me, my couch shall ease my complaint,
When I say, My bed shall comfort me, my couch shall ease my complaint,
For there is hope of a tree, if it is cut down, that it will sprout again, and its tender branch will not cease. Though its root becomes old in the earth, and its stump dies in the dust, read more. yet at the scent of water it will bud and bring forth branches like a plant. But man dies and is cut off; and man expires, and where is he? As the waters fail from the sea, and a river falls away and dries up, so man lies down and does not rise. Till the heavens are no more, they shall not awake, nor be awakened out of their sleep. Who will grant that You would hide me in the grave, that You would keep me secret, until Your wrath is past, that You would set me a fixed time and remember me? If a man die, shall he revive? All the days of my warfare I will wait, until my change comes. You shall call, and I will answer You; You shall have a desire to the work of Your hands.
With us are both the gray-headed and aged, mightier than your father as to days.
My breath is hated by my wife, and I must beg to the sons of my mother's womb.
Oh that they were cut with an iron pen and lead in the rock forever! For I know that my Redeemer lives, and He shall rise on the earth at the last; read more. and even after they corrupt my skin, yet this: in my flesh I shall see God, whom I shall see for myself, and my eyes shall behold, and not a stranger's; though my heart be exhausted in my bosom.
Do you keep to the old way which wicked men have walked? They were seized, but there was not time; their foundation was poured out by a flood; read more. who said to God, Depart from us; and, What can the Almighty do to them?
My bones are pierced in me in the night; and my gnawings never lie down.
He will observe to men, and say, I have sinned and perverted righteousness; and it was not equally repaid to me, He has redeemed my soul from passing over into the Pit, and my life shall see the light. read more. Lo, all these things God does two or three times with a man, to bring back his soul from the Pit, to be lighted with the light of the living.
Therefore I despise myself, and repent in dust and ashes.
And now take to yourselves seven young bulls and seven rams, and go to My servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt offering. And My servant Job will pray for you. Surely I will lift up his face so as not to do with you according to your foolishness, in that you have not spoken of Me what is right, like My servant Job.
After this Job lived a hundred and forty years, and he saw his sons, and his sons' sons, four generations.
And though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver only their own souls by their righteousness, says the Lord Jehovah.
For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God; for it is written, "He takes the wise in their own craftiness."
Behold, we count blessed those who endure. You have heard of the patience of Job, and you have seen the end of the Lord, that the Lord is full of pity and of tender mercy.
Easton
persecuted, an Arabian patriarch who resided in the land of Uz (q.v.). While living in the midst of great prosperity, he was suddenly overwhelmed by a series of sore trials that fell upon him. Amid all his sufferings he maintained his integrity. Once more God visited him with the rich tokens of his goodness and even greater prosperity than he had enjoyed before. He survived the period of trial for one hundred and forty years, and died in a good old age, an example to succeeding generations of integrity (Eze 14:14,20) and of submissive patience under the sorest calamities (Jas 5:11). His history, so far as it is known, is recorded in his book.
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And though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver only their own souls by their righteousness, says the Lord Jehovah.
though Noah, Daniel, and Job were in it, as I live, says the Lord Jehovah, they shall deliver neither son nor daughter. They shall only deliver their own souls by their righteousness.
Behold, we count blessed those who endure. You have heard of the patience of Job, and you have seen the end of the Lord, that the Lord is full of pity and of tender mercy.
Fausets
Age, and relation to the canon. The book has a unique position in the canon. It is unconnected with Israel, God's covenant people, with whom all the other scriptures are associated. "The law" (towrah),the Magna Charta of the rest, occurs but once, and then not in its technical sense (Job 22:22). The Exodus is never alluded to, though the miraculous events connected with it in Egypt and the desert, with both of which Job shows his acquaintance, would have been appropriate to his and the friends' argument. The destruction of the guilty by the flood (Job 22:15), and that of Sodom and Gomorrah (Job 18:15) possibly, are referred to; but no later facts. The inference seems natural that the book was of an age anterior to Israel. Job's own life was of patriarchal length, 200 years. The only idolatry alluded to is the earliest, Sabeanism, the worship of the sun, moon, and seba or heavenly hosts (Job 31:26-28).
Job sacrifices as priest for his family according to patriarchal usage, and alludes to no exclusive priesthood, temple, or altar. Lastly, the language is Hebrew with an Arabic and Syriac infusion found in no other sacred book, answering to an age when Hebrew still retained many of the elements of the original common Semitic, from which in time branched off Hebrew, Syriac, and Arabic, carrying with them severally fragments of the common stock. The obscurity of several phrases, the obsolete words and forgotten traditions (e.g. that of the bushmen, Job 30:4-7), all mark a remote antiquity. The admission of the book into the Hebrew canon, notwithstanding the absence of reference to Israel, is accounted for if Let's theory be adopted that Moses became acquainted with it during his stay in Arabia, near Horeb, and added the prologue and epilogue. To the afflicted Israelites Job's patience and restoration were calculated to be a lesson of special utility.
The restriction of "Jehovah" (the divine name revealed to Moses in its bringing the fulfillment of the promise to God's covenant people just at that time: Ex 6:3) mostly to the prologue and epilogue favors this view. The Holy Spirit directed him to canonize the oriental patriarch's inspired book, just as he embodies in the Pentateuch the utterances of Balaam the prophet from the mountains of the East. The grand theme of the book is to reconcile the saint's afflictions with God's moral government in this present world. The doctrine of a future life in which the seeming anomalies of the present shall be cleared up would have given the main solution to the problem. But as yet this great truth was kept less prominent until "the appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ who hath abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel." Job plainly refers to the resurrection, but not with that persistent prominence with which the New Testament saints rest on it as their continual hope; Job does not make it his main solution.
Even still we need something in addition, to clear off the clouds which hang over God's present government of this fallen earth. The first consideration suggested in this sublime history and poem is, "an enemy hath done this." The veil which hides the world of spirits is drawn aside, and Satan, the accuser of the brethren, appears as the mediate cause of Job's afflictions. Satan must be let do his worst to show that his sneer is false that religion is but selfishness," doth Job fear God for naught?" (Job 1:9). The patience and the final perseverance of the saints (Job 1:21; 2:10; 13:15), notwithstanding temporary distrust under Satan's persecutions which entailed loss of family, friends, possessions, and bodily health, are illustrated in Job's history.
God's people serve Him for His own sake, not merely for the temporary reward His service generally brings; they serve Him even in overwhelming trial (Ge 15:1). Herein Job is a type though imperfectly of Him who alone, without once harbouring a distrustful thought, endured all this as well as death in its most agonizing, humiliating form, and, worse than all, the hiding of even God's countenance from Him. Job's chief agony was not so much his accumulated losses and sufferings, not even his being misunderstood by friends, but that God hid His face from him, as these calamities too truly seemed to prove (Job 23:9). Yet conscience told him he was no hypocrite, nay though God was slaying him he still trusted in God (Job 23:10-15; 13:15; compare Abraham, Genesis 22). Job's three trials are progressive:
1. His sudden loss of all blessings external to himself, possessions, servants, and sons; he conquers this temptation: "naked came I out of my mother's womb, and naked shall I return there; the Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away, blessed be the name of the Lord."
2. His loss of bodily health by the most loathsome sickness; still he conquers: "shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil?"
3. His mental conflict brought on by the three friends' suspicion of his insincerity, which he felt untrue, but which seemed justified by his trials from God; this was the poignant sting to his soul, for he accepted their premises, that great suffering proved great sin.
Here he failed; yet amidst his impatient groans he still clung desperately to his faith and followed hard after God, and felt sure God would yet vindicate him (Job 23:10; 19:25-27). His chief error was his undue self justification before God, which he at last utterly renounces (Job 30:25 to Job 31; Job 32:1; 33:9; 9:17; 10:7; 16:17; 27:5; 29:10-17; 40:4-5; 42:5-6). After fretfully demanding God's interposition (23) to vindicate his innocence he had settled down into the sad conviction that God heeds not, and that His ways of providence are as a theory inexplicable to man while practical wisdom is the fear of the Lord (Job 28:28). Elihu gives a leading solution of the problem. God not only hereafter shall judge the world, but even now providentially and morally controls all its affairs.
Even the righteous have sin which needs correction. God speaks to them by chastisement; He is not really silent (Job 16:21; 23:3; 31:35), as Job had complained (Job 33:14, etc.); He teaches them humility, and prepares them for pardon and life through the mediating Angel of the covenant (of whom Elihu is the type: Job 33:6-7,23-30). To Job's charge against God of injustice Elihu answers that God's omnipotence (Job 34:35-36), upholding man in life when He could destroy him, and His universal government, exclude the idea of injustice in Him. To Job's charge that God's providence is unsearchable, Elihu answers that suffering is to teach humility and adorntion of His greatness. Affliction to the saint is justice and mercy in disguise; he is thereby led to feel the heinousness of sin (via crucis via salutis), and not being permitted by God's love to fall away for ever he repents of the impatience which suffering betrayed him into for a time.
Then, justifying God and condemning himself, he is finally delivered from temporal afflictions. Now already the godly are happier amidst afflictions than the ungodly (Mr 10:29-30). Even these considerations do not exhaust the subject; still difficulties remain. To answer these, God Himself (Job 38) appears on the scene, and resolves all that remains uncleared into the one resting thought of faith, the sovereignty of God. We must wait for His solution hereafter of what we know not now (Joh 13:7). Elihu is the preacher appealing to Job's reason and conscience. God alone, in His appearing, brings home the truth experimentally to Job's heart: "Judge not the Lord by feeble sense, But trust Him for His grace; Behind a frowning Providence He hides a smiling face. Blind unbelief is sure to err, And scan God's work in vain; God is His own interpreter, And He will make it plain."
CONSTRUCTION. The artificial construction of the poem appears in the oft recurring sacred numbers three and seven. Job had seven thousand sheep, seven sons, and three daughters, both before and after his trials. His three friends sit with him seven days and nights. "Job" in Arabic means repentance, the name given him in after life from his experiences. His personal reality appears f
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After these things the Word of Jehovah came to Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram, I am your shield and your exceeding great reward.
Huz his first-born, and Buz his brother, and Kemuel the father of Aram,
These were the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the first-born of Esau: Chief Teman, Chief Omar, Chief Zepho, Chief Kenaz,
And I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob as God Almighty. But I was not known to them by the name JEHOVAH.
I shall see him, but not now. I shall behold him, but not near. There shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Scepter shall rise out of Israel, and shall strike the corners of Moab, and destroy all the sons of tumult.
And his possessions were seven thousand sheep and three thousand camels, and five hundred yoke of oxen, and five hundred she asses, and a very great household, so that this man was the greatest of all the men of the east.
And Satan answered Jehovah and said, Does Job fear God for nothing?
And he said, I came naked out of my mother's womb, and naked shall I return there. Jehovah gave, and Jehovah has taken away. Blessed be the name of Jehovah.
But he said to her, You speak as one of the foolish ones speak. What? Shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? In all this Job did not sin with his lips.
Let the day perish in which I was born, and the night which said, A man-child is conceived.
He takes the wise in their own craftiness; and the counsel of the wily is carried headlong.
He who breaks me with a tempest, and multiplies my wounds without cause;
You know that I am not wicked; and there is none who can deliver out of Your hand.
Though he slay me, I will not wait, but I will maintain my own ways before Him.
Though he slay me, I will not wait, but I will maintain my own ways before Him.
As the waters fail from the sea, and a river falls away and dries up,
If a man die, shall he revive? All the days of my warfare I will wait, until my change comes.
Have you heard the secret counsel of God? And do you limit wisdom to yourself?
though no violence is in my hand, and my prayer is pure.
Oh that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleads for his neighbor!
What is not his shall dwell in his tent; brimstone shall be scattered on his home.
For I know that my Redeemer lives, and He shall rise on the earth at the last;
For I know that my Redeemer lives, and He shall rise on the earth at the last; and even after they corrupt my skin, yet this: in my flesh I shall see God, read more. whom I shall see for myself, and my eyes shall behold, and not a stranger's; though my heart be exhausted in my bosom.
It shall happen at the filling of his belly, God shall cast the fury of His wrath on him, and He shall rain on him while he is eating. He shall flee from the iron weapon, a bow of bronze shall pierce him.
Please receive the Law from His mouth and lay up His words in your heart.
For they have humiliated you, and you shall say, Pride! And He shall save the lowly of eyes.
on the left hand, where He works, but I cannot behold Him. He turns to the right, but I do not see Him. But He knows the way that I take; when He has tried me, I shall come forth as gold.
But He knows the way that I take; when He has tried me, I shall come forth as gold. My foot has held fast in His steps; I have kept His way, and have not fallen away; read more. nor have I gone back from the commandment of His lips; I treasured the words of His mouth more than my portion. But He is in one mind, and who can turn Him? Yea, what His soul desires, He does it. For He fulfilled my lot, and many things like these are with Him. Therefore I am troubled at His presence; when I look, I am afraid of Him.
Far be it from me that I should justify you; until I die I will not retract my integrity from me.
And to man He said, Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom! And to depart from evil is understanding!
The noble's voice was subdued, and their tongue clung to the roof of their mouth. For the ear heard and blessed me. And the eye saw me and witnessed to me. read more. For I delivered the poor who cried for help, and the fatherless who had none to help him. The blessing of the perishing came on me; and I caused the widow's heart to sing. I put on righteousness, and it clothed me; my judgment was like a robe and a diadem. I was eyes to the blind and feet to the lame. I was a father to the poor; and the cause which I did not know, I searched out. I broke the fangs of the wicked, and plucked the prey out of his teeth.
I chose out their way, and sat as chief; and I lived like a king in the army, as one who comforts the mourners.
those plucking mallows by the bushes, and broom roots for their food. They are driven forth from the midst; they cried against them as a thief. read more. They dwell in the chasms of the valleys, in holes of the earth and in rocks. They bray among the bushes; they huddle together under the nettles;
Did I not weep for him whose day was hard; and my soul grieved for the poor?
if I looked to the light when it shone, or the moon walking in brightness, and my heart has been secretly enticed, or my mouth has kissed my hand; read more. this also would be an iniquity for the judges; for I would have denied the God above.
Oh that I had one to hear me! Behold my mark. Let the Almighty answer me, and my Accuser write an indictment.
And these three men ceased from answering Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.
Behold, I am toward God even as you are; I also am formed out of the clay. Behold, my terror shall not make you afraid, and my burden shall not be heavy on you.
You said, I am pure, without transgression; I am innocent, and no iniquity is in me;
For God speaks once, yea, twice, but not one takes notice.
If there is a messenger for him, a mediator, one among a thousand, to declare for man his uprightness, then He is gracious to him and says, Deliver him from going down to the Pit; for I have found a ransom. read more. His flesh shall be fresher than in vigor; he shall return to the days of his youth; he shall pray to God, and He will be gracious to him; and he shall see His face with joy, for He will restore to man his righteousness. He will observe to men, and say, I have sinned and perverted righteousness; and it was not equally repaid to me, He has redeemed my soul from passing over into the Pit, and my life shall see the light. Lo, all these things God does two or three times with a man, to bring back his soul from the Pit, to be lighted with the light of the living.
Job has spoken without knowledge, and his words were without wisdom. Would that Job may be tried to the end because his answers are like men of iniquity.
And Jehovah answered Job out of the tempest, and said,
Behold, I am vile! What shall I answer You? I will lay my hand on my mouth. Once I have spoken; but I will not answer; yea, twice, but I will go no further.
I have heard of You by the hearing of the ear; but now my eye has seen You.
I have heard of You by the hearing of the ear; but now my eye has seen You. Therefore I despise myself, and repent in dust and ashes.
For You will not leave My soul in hell; You will not allow Your Holy One to see corruption.
As for me, I will behold Your face in righteousness; when I awake, I shall be satisfied with Your image.
And the waters shall fail from the sea, and the river shall fail and dry up.
Cursed is the day in which I was born; let not the day in which my mother bore me be blessed. Cursed is the man who brought news to my father, saying, A man child is born to you; making him very glad.
And though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver only their own souls by their righteousness, says the Lord Jehovah.
though these three men were in its midst, as I live, says the Lord Jehovah, they shall deliver neither sons nor daughters. They only shall be delivered, but the land shall be deserted. Or if I bring a sword on that land, and say, Sword, go through the land; so that I cut off man and beast from it; read more. though these three men were in it, as I live, says the Lord Jehovah, they shall deliver neither sons nor daughters, but they only shall be delivered themselves. Or if I send a plague into that land, and pour out My fury on it in blood, to cut off man and beast from it; though Noah, Daniel, and Job were in it, as I live, says the Lord Jehovah, they shall deliver neither son nor daughter. They shall only deliver their own souls by their righteousness.
For wherever the carcass is, there the eagles will be gathered.
And Jesus answered and said, Truly I say to you, There is no man that has left house or brothers or sisters or father or mother or wife or children or lands for my sake and the gospel's sake, but he shall receive a hundredfold now in this time, houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands with persecutions, and in the world to come, eternal life.
And He said to them, These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and in the Prophets and in the Psalms about Me.
Jesus answered and said to him, You do not know what I do now, but you shall know hereafter.
For who has known the mind of the Lord, or who became His counselor? Or who first gave to Him, and it will be repaid to him?
Be humbled before the Lord, and He will lift you up.
Behold, we count blessed those who endure. You have heard of the patience of Job, and you have seen the end of the Lord, that the Lord is full of pity and of tender mercy.
searching for what, or what manner of time, the Spirit of Christ made clear within them, testifying beforehand of the sufferings of Christ, and the glories that should follow. To them it was revealed that not to themselves, but to us, they ministered the things which are now reported to you by those who have preached the gospel to you in the Holy Spirit sent from Heaven; which things the angels desire to look into.
Hastings
JOB
1. The man Job.
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And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah, from Bozrah, reigned in his place.
And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah, from Bozrah, reigned in his place.
And the sons of Issachar: Tola, and Phuvah, and Job, and Shimron.
And Moses said to Jehovah, Then the Egyptians will hear, for You have brought up this people in Your might from among them. And they will say to the inhabitant of this land, They have heard that You, Jehovah, are among this people, who is seen eye to eye. You are Jehovah, and Your cloud stands over them, and You go before them in a pillar of cloud by day, and in a pillar of fire by night. read more. And will You kill this people as one man? Then the nations who have heard Your fame will speak, saying, Because Jehovah was not able to bring this people into the land which He swore to them, therefore He has slain them in the wilderness.
And it happened when Jabin, king of Hazor, had heard, he sent to Jobab king of Madon, and to the king of Shimron, and to the king of Achshaph,
And there were born to him seven sons and three daughters.
And there were born to him seven sons and three daughters.
And the Sabeans fell on and took them away. Yea, they have killed the servants with the edge of the sword. And I only have escaped alone to tell you. While he was still speaking, there also came another and said, The fire of God has fallen from the heavens and has burned up the sheep and the servants, and destroyed them. And I only have escaped alone to tell you. read more. While he was still speaking, there also came another and said, The Chaldeans made out three bands and swooped down upon the camels, and have carried them away, yea, and have killed the servants with the edge of the sword. And I only have escaped alone to tell you.
And, behold, a great wind came from the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house, and it fell upon the young men, and they are dead. And I only have escaped alone to tell you.
And he said, I came naked out of my mother's womb, and naked shall I return there. Jehovah gave, and Jehovah has taken away. Blessed be the name of Jehovah.
And he took a broken piece of pottery to scrape himself with. And he sat down among the ashes.
And Job's three friends heard of all this evil that had come upon him, and they each one came from his own place: Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite. For they had met together to come to mourn with him and to comfort him.
After this Job opened his mouth and cursed his day.
Let the day perish in which I was born, and the night which said, A man-child is conceived. Let that day be darkness. Let not God look upon it from above, neither let the light shine upon it.
Let those curse it who curse the day, who are ready to stir up Leviathan. Let the stars of its twilight be dark; let it look for light, but have none. Let it not see the eyelids of the dawn. read more. For it did not shut up the doors of my mother's womb, nor hide sorrow from my eyes.
And a word was secretly brought to me, and my ear received a little of it. In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falls upon men, read more. fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones shake. And a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up. It stood still, but I could not tell the form of it. An image was before my eyes; silence; then I heard a voice, Shall mortal man be more just than God? Shall a man be more pure than his Maker? Behold, He puts no trust in His servants, and His angels He charges with folly! How much less in those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, who are crushed before the moth? They are destroyed from morning till evening; they perish forever without anyone caring. Is not their tent cord plucked up within them? They die, but not with wisdom.
My brothers have dealt deceitfully as a torrent; they pass away as the streams of torrents, torrents black from ice, in which the snow hides itself. read more. When they become warm, they go away; when it is hot, they vanish out of their place. The paths of their way are turned aside; they go to nothing and are lost. The troops of Tema looked; the companies of Sheba hoped for them. They were ashamed because they had hoped; they came there and were ashamed.
What is man, that You should magnify him, and that You should set Your heart on him,
So are the paths of all who forget God; and the hope of the ungodly shall perish.
who made the Bear, Orion, and Pleiades, and the chambers of the south;
God will not withdraw His anger; the helpers of pride stoop under Him.
Your hands have made me and shaped me, together all around; yet You destroy me. Remember, I beseech You, that You have formed me as the clay; and will You bring me into the dust again? read more. Have You not poured me out like milk, and curdled me like cheese? You have clothed me with skin and flesh, and have fenced me with bones and sinews. You have granted me life and favor, and Your providence has preserved my spirit. And these have You hidden in Your heart; I know that this was with You. If I sin, then You mark me, and You will not acquit me from my iniquity. If I am wicked, woe to me; and if I am righteous, I will not lift up my head, being filled with shame, and looking on my affliction. For it increases! You hunt me as a fierce lion; and again You show Yourself marvelous on me. You renew Your witnesses against me, and increase Your anger on me; changes and warfare are against me.
who of all these does not know that the hand of Jehovah has done this?
He leads wise men away stripped, and makes the judges fools. He cuts away the bonds of kings, and binds their loins with a girdle. read more. He leads priests away stripped, and overthrows the mighty. He removes the speech of the men of trust, and takes away the understanding of the aged. He pours scorn on princes, and unties the belt of the mighty. He discovers deep things out of darkness, and brings the shadow of death to light. He gives greatness to the nations, and destroys them. He spreads out the nations, and leads them away. He takes away the heart of the chief of the people of the land, and causes them to wander in a wilderness where there is no path. They grope in the dark without light, and He makes them to stagger like a drunkard.
Man born of woman is of few days, and full of trouble. He comes forth like a flower, and withers; he also flees as a shadow, and does not stand. read more. And You open Your eyes on such a one, and bring me into judgment with You. Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? No one!
Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? No one! For his days are fixed, the number of his months is with You, and You have set his bounds so that he cannot pass; read more. look away from him, so that he may rest until he shall finish his day, as a hireling. For there is hope of a tree, if it is cut down, that it will sprout again, and its tender branch will not cease. Though its root becomes old in the earth, and its stump dies in the dust, yet at the scent of water it will bud and bring forth branches like a plant. But man dies and is cut off; and man expires, and where is he? As the waters fail from the sea, and a river falls away and dries up, so man lies down and does not rise. Till the heavens are no more, they shall not awake, nor be awakened out of their sleep.
But now He has made me weary; You have made all my company desolate. And You have plucked me, for it is a witness, and my failure rises up against me, and it answers to my face. read more. His anger has torn and hated me; He gnashes on me with His teeth; my enemy sharpens his eyes at me; They have gaped on me with their mouth; and have scornfully beaten me on the cheek; they gather themselves against me. God has delivered me to the perverse; and turned me over into the hands of the wicked. I was at ease, but He has broken me in pieces; yea, He has also taken me by my neck and shaken me to pieces and set me up for His mark. His archers hem me in; He splits my inward parts, and does not spare; He pours out my gall on the ground. He breaks me with break on break; He runs on me like a giant. I have sewed sackcloth on my skin and thrust my horn in the dust. My face is reddened from weeping, and on my eyelids is the shadow of death; though no violence is in my hand, and my prayer is pure.
Also now, behold, my Witness is in Heaven, and He who testifies of me is on high.
For I know that my Redeemer lives, and He shall rise on the earth at the last;
For I know that my Redeemer lives, and He shall rise on the earth at the last; and even after they corrupt my skin, yet this: in my flesh I shall see God,
and even after they corrupt my skin, yet this: in my flesh I shall see God, whom I shall see for myself, and my eyes shall behold, and not a stranger's; though my heart be exhausted in my bosom.
whom I shall see for myself, and my eyes shall behold, and not a stranger's; though my heart be exhausted in my bosom.
Is not your wickedness great, and your iniquity without measure? For you have taken a pledge from your brother for nothing, and stripped the naked of their clothing. read more. You have not given water to the weary to drink, and you have held back bread from the hungry. But as for the mighty man, he had the earth, and the honored man lived in it. You have sent widows away empty, and the arms of the fatherless have been broken.
Please receive the Law from His mouth and lay up His words in your heart.
He is swift on the waters; their portion is cursed in the earth; he does not behold the way of the vineyards. Drought and heat eat up the snow waters; so does the grave those who have sinned. read more. The womb shall forget him; the worm shall feed sweetly on him; he shall be remembered no more; and injustice shall be broken like a tree. He ill-treats the women who bear no children; and does no good to the widow.
Rule and fear are with Him; He makes peace in His high places.
But Job answered and said, How have you helped the powerless, or saved the arm that has no strength? read more. How have you advised those not wise, or fully declared wise plans? To whom have you spoken words? And whose spirit came from you? The departed spirits tremble under the waters, and those who dwell in them. Hell is naked before Him, and the Pit has no covering. He stretches out the north over the empty place, and He hung the earth on nothing. He binds up the waters in His thick clouds; and the cloud is not torn under them. He covers the face of His throne, spreading His cloud on it. He has described a circle on the surface of the waters to the boundary of light with darkness. The pillars of the heavens tremble and are astonished at His rebuke. He quiets the sea with His power, and by His understanding He shatters the proud.
He quiets the sea with His power, and by His understanding He shatters the proud. By His Spirit the heavens were beautiful; His hand pierced the fleeing serpent.
By His Spirit the heavens were beautiful; His hand pierced the fleeing serpent. Lo, these are the edges of His ways; but what a whisper of a word we hear of Him! And the thunder of His power who can understand?
As God lives, He has taken away my judgment; and the Almighty has made my soul bitter. As long as my breath is in me, and the spirit of God is in my nostrils, read more. my lips shall not speak wickedness, nor my tongue utter deceit. Far be it from me that I should justify you; until I die I will not retract my integrity from me.
Far be it from me that I should justify you; until I die I will not retract my integrity from me. I hold fast by my righteousness, and I will not let it go; my heart shall not shame me any of my days.
I hold fast by my righteousness, and I will not let it go; my heart shall not shame me any of my days. Let my enemy be like the wicked, and he who rises up against me as the perverse.
Let my enemy be like the wicked, and he who rises up against me as the perverse. For what is the hope of the ungodly when He cuts off, when God takes away his soul?
For what is the hope of the ungodly when He cuts off, when God takes away his soul? Will God hear his cry when trouble comes on him?
Will God hear his cry when trouble comes on him? Will he delight himself in the Almighty? Will he always call on God?
Will he delight himself in the Almighty? Will he always call on God? I will teach you by the hand of God; that which is with the Almighty I will not hide.
I will teach you by the hand of God; that which is with the Almighty I will not hide. Behold, all you have seen it yourselves; why then do you become completely vain? read more. This is the portion of a wicked man with God, and the inheritance of cruel men which they shall receive from the Almighty.
This is the portion of a wicked man with God, and the inheritance of cruel men which they shall receive from the Almighty. If his sons are multiplied, the sword is for them; and his offspring shall not be satisfied with bread.
If his sons are multiplied, the sword is for them; and his offspring shall not be satisfied with bread. Those who remain of him shall be buried in death; and his widows shall not weep. read more. Though he heaps up silver like the dust, and prepares clothing like the clay, he may prepare, but the just shall put it on, and the innocent shall divide the silver. He builds his house like a moth, and like a booth that a watchman makes. The rich man shall lie down, but he shall not be gathered. He opens his eyes, and he is not. Terrors overtake him like waters; a tempest steals him away in the night. The east wind lifts him up, and he is gone; for it whirls him out of his place. For it will hurl at him, and will not spare; he will surely flee out of its hand. He shall clap His hands at him, and shall hiss him out of his place.
He shall clap His hands at him, and shall hiss him out of his place.
And to man He said, Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom! And to depart from evil is understanding!
Then I said, I shall die in my nest, and I shall multiply my days like the sand.
let thorns come forth instead of wheat, and weeds instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.
let thorns come forth instead of wheat, and weeds instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.
And these three men ceased from answering Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes. And burned the anger of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram. His wrath burned against Job, because he had justified himself rather than God. read more. Also his wrath was kindled against his three friends, because they had found no answer and had condemned Job. And Elihu had waited beside Job with words, because they were older than he in days. When Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these three men, then his wrath was kindled. And Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, I am young, and you are very old; therefore I was afraid, and dared not show you my opinion.
He is also chastened with pain on his bed, and enduring strife in his bones; so that his life is sick of bread, and his soul desirable food. read more. His flesh wastes away, not seen; and his bones laid bare; they were not seen. Yea, his soul draws near to the Pit, and his life to the dealers of death. If there is a messenger for him, a mediator, one among a thousand, to declare for man his uprightness, then He is gracious to him and says, Deliver him from going down to the Pit; for I have found a ransom. His flesh shall be fresher than in vigor; he shall return to the days of his youth; he shall pray to God, and He will be gracious to him; and he shall see His face with joy, for He will restore to man his righteousness. He will observe to men, and say, I have sinned and perverted righteousness; and it was not equally repaid to me, He has redeemed my soul from passing over into the Pit, and my life shall see the light.
He also opens their ears to teaching, and commands that they return from iniquity.
He delivers the poor in his affliction, and opens their ears by oppression.
He delivers the poor in his affliction, and opens their ears by oppression.
And Jehovah answered Job out of the tempest, and said,
Can you bind the bands of the Pleiades, or loosen the cords of Orion?
The wing of the ostrich beats joyously; though not like the stork's pinions for flight. For she leaves her eggs to the earth, and lets them warm in the dust, read more. and forgets that a foot may crush them, or that the beast of the field may break them. She treats her young roughly, as if not hers; for her labor is vanity without fear; because God has caused her to forget wisdom, and He has not given her a share in understanding. At the time she lifts herself up on high, she scorns the horse and its rider.
I have heard of You by the hearing of the ear; but now my eye has seen You.
And it happened after Jehovah had spoken these words to Job, Jehovah said to Eliphaz the Temanite, My wrath is kindled against you and your two friends. For you have not spoken of Me what is right, as My servant Job has.
And it happened after Jehovah had spoken these words to Job, Jehovah said to Eliphaz the Temanite, My wrath is kindled against you and your two friends. For you have not spoken of Me what is right, as My servant Job has. And now take to yourselves seven young bulls and seven rams, and go to My servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt offering. And My servant Job will pray for you. Surely I will lift up his face so as not to do with you according to your foolishness, in that you have not spoken of Me what is right, like My servant Job.
And now take to yourselves seven young bulls and seven rams, and go to My servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt offering. And My servant Job will pray for you. Surely I will lift up his face so as not to do with you according to your foolishness, in that you have not spoken of Me what is right, like My servant Job. And Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite, went and did as Jehovah commanded them. Jehovah also accepted the face of Job. read more. And Jehovah turned the captivity of Job when he prayed for his friends. Also Jehovah added to Job all that had been his, to double. And came to him all his brothers, and all his sisters, and all those who had known him before. And they ate bread with him in his house, and consoled him and comforted him over all the evil that Jehovah had brought on him. Each one also gave him a piece of money, and each one a ring of gold. And Jehovah blessed the latter days of Job more than the beginning. For he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she asses.
And Jehovah blessed the latter days of Job more than the beginning. For he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she asses. He also had seven sons and three daughters.
He also had seven sons and three daughters.
He also had seven sons and three daughters. And he called the name of the first, Jemima; and the name of the second, Keziah; and the name of the third, Keren-happuch. read more. And in all the land there were not found women as beautiful as the daughters of Job. And their father gave them inheritance among their brothers. After this Job lived a hundred and forty years, and he saw his sons, and his sons' sons, four generations. And Job died, being old and full of days.
what is man that You are mindful of him, and the son of man, that You visit him?
Cursed is the day in which I was born; let not the day in which my mother bore me be blessed. Cursed is the man who brought news to my father, saying, A man child is born to you; making him very glad. read more. And let that man be as the cities which Jehovah overthrew, and repented not; and let him hear the cry in the morning, and the shouting at noontide; because he did not kill me from the womb; or that my mother might have been my grave, and her womb to be always great with me. Why did I come forth from the womb to see labor and sorrow, that my days should be consumed in shame?
The Word of Jehovah came again to me, saying, Son of man, when a land sins against Me by traitorous betraying, then I will stretch out My hand on it, and will break the staff of its bread, and will send famine on it, and will cut off man and beast from it. read more. And though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver only their own souls by their righteousness, says the Lord Jehovah. If I cause destroying beasts to come through the land, and they spoil it so that it is deserted, so that no one may pass through because of the beasts, though these three men were in its midst, as I live, says the Lord Jehovah, they shall deliver neither sons nor daughters. They only shall be delivered, but the land shall be deserted. Or if I bring a sword on that land, and say, Sword, go through the land; so that I cut off man and beast from it; though these three men were in it, as I live, says the Lord Jehovah, they shall deliver neither sons nor daughters, but they only shall be delivered themselves. Or if I send a plague into that land, and pour out My fury on it in blood, to cut off man and beast from it; though Noah, Daniel, and Job were in it, as I live, says the Lord Jehovah, they shall deliver neither son nor daughter. They shall only deliver their own souls by their righteousness.
But upon Mount Zion shall be those who escaped; and it shall be holy. And the house of Jacob shall possess their own possessions.
Behold, we count blessed those who endure. You have heard of the patience of Job, and you have seen the end of the Lord, that the Lord is full of pity and of tender mercy.
Morish
1. The 'perfect and upright man' whose history is given in the book of Job.
2. Son of Issachar. Ge 46:13. See JASHUB.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And the sons of Issachar: Tola, and Phuvah, and Job, and Shimron.
Smith
(persecuted), the third son of Issachar,
called in another genealogy JASHUB.
See Jashub
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And the sons of Issachar: Tola, and Phuvah, and Job, and Shimron.
Watsons
JOB, a patriarch celebrated for his patience, and the constancy of his piety and virtue. That Job was a real, and not a fictitious, character, may be inferred from the manner in which he is mentioned in the Scriptures. Thus, the Prophet Ezekiel speaks of him: "Though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, saith the Lord God," Eze 14:14. Now since Noah and Daniel were unquestionably real characters, we must conclude the same of Job. "Behold," says the Apostle James, "we count them happy which endure: ye have heard of the patience of Job, and have seen the end of the Lord, that the Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy," Jas 5:11. It is scarcely to be believed that a divinely inspired Apostle would refer to an imaginary character as an example of patience, or in proof of the mercy of God. But, beside the authority of the inspired writers, we have the strongest internal evidence, from the book itself, that Job was a real person; for it expressly specifies the names of persons, places, facts, and other circumstances usually related in true histories. Thus, we have the name, country, piety, wealth, &c, of Job described, Job i; the names, number, and acts of his children are mentioned; the conduct of his wife is recorded as a fact, Job ii; his friends, their names, countries, and discourses with him in his afflictions are minutely delineated, Job 2:11, &c. Farther: no reasonable doubt can be entertained respecting the real existence of Job, when we consider that it is proved by the concurrent testimony of all eastern tradition: he is mentioned by the author of the book of Tobit, who lived during the Assyrian captivity; he is also repeatedly mentioned by Arabian writers as a real character. The whole of his history, with many fabulous additions, was known among the Syrians and Chaldeans; and many of the noblest families among the Arabs are distinguished by his name, and boast of being descended from him.
Since, then, says Horne, the book of Job contains the history of a real character, the next point is the age in which he lived, a question concerning which there is as great a diversity of opinion, as upon any other subject connected with this venerable monument of sacred antiquity. One thing, however, is generally admitted with respect to the age of the book of Job, namely, its remote antiquity. Even those who contend for the later production of the book of Job are compelled to acquiesce in this particular. Grotius thinks the events of the history are such as cannot be placed later than the sojourning of the Israelites in the wilderness. Bishop Warburton, in like manner, admits them to bear the marks of high antiquity; and Michaelis confesses the manners to be perfectly Abrahamic, that is, such as were common to all the seed of Abraham, Israelites, Ishmaelites, and Idumeans. The following are the principal circumstances from which the age of Job may be collected and ascertained:
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Noah built an altar to Jehovah. And he took of every clean animal, and of every clean bird, and offered burnt offerings on the altar.
And Melchizedek the king of Salem brought forth bread and wine. And he was the priest of the most high God.
And she bore him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. And Jokshan fathered Sheba and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim and Letushim and Leummim.
And Pharaoh called Joseph's name Zaphnath-paaneah. And he gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potipherah, priest of On, for his wife. And Joseph went out over the land of Egypt.
And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God. And Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God.
And the furthest cities of the tribe of the sons of Judah toward the coast of Edom southward were Kabzeel, and Eder, and Jagur,
and Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages;
There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job. And that man was perfect and upright, and one who feared God and turned aside from evil.
And his sons went and feasted in the house of each one on his day. And they sent and called for their three sisters to eat and to drink with them. And when they had gone around the day of feasting, Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in the morning and offered burnt offerings according to the number of them all. For Job said, It may be that my sons have sinned and cursed God in their hearts. So Job did always.
And Job's three friends heard of all this evil that had come upon him, and they each one came from his own place: Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite. For they had met together to come to mourn with him and to comfort him.
For please ask of the former age, and prepare yourself to the search of their fathers, for we are but of yesterday and know nothing, because our days on earth are a shadow.
For You write bitter things against me, and make me to possess the sins of my youth.
With us are both the gray-headed and aged, mightier than your father as to days.
Oh that my words were now written! Oh that they were engraved in a book! Oh that they were cut with an iron pen and lead in the rock forever!
if I looked to the light when it shone, or the moon walking in brightness, and my heart has been secretly enticed, or my mouth has kissed my hand; read more. this also would be an iniquity for the judges; for I would have denied the God above.
Shall I wait because you do not speak, because they stand still, answering no more? I also will answer my part; I also will declare my wisdom.
And Jehovah blessed the latter days of Job more than the beginning. For he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she asses.
After this Job lived a hundred and forty years, and he saw his sons, and his sons' sons, four generations.
After this Job lived a hundred and forty years, and he saw his sons, and his sons' sons, four generations.
Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and those who trim the edges of their beards.
So says Jehovah of Hosts to Edom: Is wisdom no more in Teman? Has counsel perished from the prudent? Has their wisdom vanished? Flee, turn back, dwell deep, O people of Dedan. For I will bring the calamity of Esau on him in the time that I will visit him.
So then hear the counsel of Jehovah which He has taken against Edom, and His purposes which He has purposed against the people of Teman: Surely the least of the flock shall drag them away. Surely He shall make their homes a ruin over them.
And though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver only their own souls by their righteousness, says the Lord Jehovah.
therefore so says the Lord Jehovah: I will also stretch out My hand on Edom, and will cut man and beast off from it; and I will make it a waste from Teman, even to Dedan they shall fall by the sword.
So says Jehovah: For three transgressions of Edom, yea for four, I will not turn away from it. Because he pursued his brother with the sword, and cast off all pities, and his anger tore without end, and he kept his wrath forever. But I will send a fire upon Teman, which shall devour the palaces of Bozrah.
Shall I not in that day even destroy the wise out of Edom, and understanding out of the mount of Esau, says Jehovah? And your mighty ones, O Teman, shall be afraid, so that each man from the mount of Esau may be cut off by slaughter.
Behold, we count blessed those who endure. You have heard of the patience of Job, and you have seen the end of the Lord, that the Lord is full of pity and of tender mercy.